El teatro peruano contemporáneo (1960-2000). Aproximación

An Approach to contemporary Peruvian theatre (1960-2000) is a work of research that attempts to justify an initial assumption: contemporary Peruvian theatre could not have come to an end at the close of the 1950s with the few writers mentioned briefly in histories of literature, such as Sebastián Salazar Bondy, Enrique Solari Swayne, Juan Ríos and Julio Ramón Ribeyro. Moreover, these are writers noted for their work in other areas of literature and not specifically defined as playwrights. There must have been a new generation of theatrical authors starting in the 1960s who did not gain notoriety in Peru or, of course, beyond its borders. In the preface to his collected works, Mario Vargas Llosa gives us a clue that illustrates this period: “To write theatre in the Lima of those years, was worse than to weep; it was almost to condemn yourself never to see what you wrote on the stage, which is even sadder and more frustrating than it is for a poet or novelist to die unpublished.” [2001: 4] The huge social inequality that characterised Peruvian society at the time meant that only a small elite had access to theatres...

Essays on internationalization in the context of heterogeneous firms

The significant increase in global trade flows in last decades has been one of the main features of the globalization process that started in the 1950s. In general, the main factors behind this increase were linked to (i) the significant reductions of trade costs and technical barriers; (ii) the improvements in transport infrastructure and telecommunications; (iii) the progress of the international financial system and the increasing legal certainty; and (iv) the development of a corporate culture that promotes the internationalization of firms as a strategic tool in order to survive and to grow. The remarkable increase of trade openness has also been observed in the Spanish economy. In this regard, it is clear that the entry into force of the Treaty of Accession of Spain to the European Economic Community (now the European Union) in 1986 played a main role in this dramatic increase. In addition, and because of the deep depression of domestic demand caused by the global financial and economic crisis that started in 2008, the external trade has become a key driver in the economic recovery of the Spanish economy...