Spatial and temporal sensitivity degradation of primary visual cortical cells in senescent rhesus monkeys

Human visual function declines with age. Much of this decline is mediated by changes in the central visual pathways. In this study we compared the spatial and temporal sensitivities of striate cortical cells in young and old paralysed macaque monkeys. Ext

视觉通路在汉字组块破解过程中的有效连接

The present study used Dynamical Causal Modeling (DCM) to reveal the influence of difficult to decompose Chinese characters on the effective connectivity of “where” and “what” visual stream。 Chunk decomposition is to decompose the familiar items to their components and then to make up new items with the decomposed components。 Some previous studies with eye movements and brain image had revealed that the chunk decomposition was involved visual-spatial information process, and suggested that “what” and “where” visual streams contributed to the course of chunk decomposition。 However, how they worked to complete the chunk decomposition task is still unknown。 The present study has two factors, familiarity and tightness of the spatial structures, each with 2 levels: real words vs. pseudowords and tight chunks vs. loose chunks。 The results indicates that in the loose conditions, familiarity increases the effective connectivity of “where ” stream, while in the pseudowords conditions, tightness of the spatial structures increases the effective connectivity of both “where” and “what” streams, and familiarity and tightness combined to increase not only both the “what” and “where” streams, but also the effective connectivity from the inferior temporal gyrus to the superior parietal lobule.

Visual Basic在油藏数值模拟中的应用

随着油藏数值模拟技术的发展以及油藏数值模拟软件的不断改进和完善,油藏数值模拟软件在油田开发中的应用越来越广泛。对油藏数值模拟软件计算出的数据进行整理不仅枯燥而且花费了大量时间。本文利用Visual Basic语言编制了处理ECLIPSE软件生成的油气田开发指标数据软件(RSMAN)。该软件方便了油气田开发指标的整理和汇总,软件界面友好,操作简单。

Visual C++ 6.0学习教程

MicrosoftVisualC十十6.0作为Microsoft Visual Studio的重要组成部分，包含了迄今为止功能最为强大的基于Windows的应用框架，在同类产品中处于领先地位。VisualC十十6.0是Microsoft迄今为止最全面、最完善的程序开发工具，为了适应各种编程风格，该软件提供了各种各样的辅助工具，在发挥编程能力和提高灵活性方面达到了空前的水平。与以往VisualC十十的各种版本相比较，VisualC十十6.0在编程环境、程序语言技术等方面做了许多改进，从而使VisualC十十更加适合专业程序员快速进行应用程序的开发。

本书内容丰富、图文并茂，是一本适合各种读者学习VisualC十十6.0的优秀参考书。

目 录
第一章 VisualC十十6.0简介及安装
1.1VisualC十十6.0新特性
1.2viSualC十十6.0开发环境简介
1.3如何学习使用VisualC十十6.0
1.4VisualC十十6.0的安装
第二章 走进C十十的世界
2.1类和对象的简介
2.2继承和多态性――一个具体的例子
2.3内嵌对象
2.4在栈中申请对象
2.5全程对象的申请
2.6对象之间的相互关系――指针数据成员
2.7this指针的使用
2.8对指针的引用
2.9友元类和友元函数
2.10静态类成员
2.11重载运算符
2.12从代码中分离出类定义
2.13匈牙利表示法
第三章 VisualC十十6.0的编程环境
3.1VisualC十十6.0主窗口
3.2VisualC十十6.0工具栏
3.3VisualC十十6.0菜单栏
3.4项目与项目工作区
3.5资源与资源编辑器
第四章 编一个最简单的VC十十程序
4.1什么是AppWizard？
4.2迎接你的第一个AppWizard程序
4.3“Iamaprogrammer.”在哪儿？
第五章 程序框架入门
5.1一个简化过的程序框架
5.2WinMain（）：第一个动作
5.3登记窗口类
5.4创建一个窗口
5.5显示窗口
5.6显示出那条消息
5.7窗口类与窗口对象
第六章 消息循环
6.1在消息循环中兜圈子
6.2对事件做出响应：WindowFun（）
6.3响应不同的消息
6.4现在你还跟得上吗？
6.5设备界面进行交互
第七章 精通程序框架
7.1WinMain（）函数在哪儿？
7.2应用程序框架和源文件
7.3工具条、状态条和打印等选项
7.4程序的控制流程
第八章 使用classWizard编程
8.1使用ClassWizard添加消息处理函数
8.2classWizard功能介绍
8.3传送鼠标消息
8.4保存鼠标绘图的信息
第九章 视图与文档
9.1Document－View模式
9.2从视图中分离出文档
9.3保存文档
9.4再访MyProg2.cpp
第十章 对象连接与嵌入（OLE）及其自动化
10.1公共对象模式（COM）
10.2类厂（classfactory）
10.3OLE自动化
10.4IDispatch接口
第十一章 动态连接库（DLLs）
11.1为什么使用DLL
11.2传统的DLL
11.3MFC库DLL
11.4MyProg4A――编写自己的类库扩展DLL
11.5MyProg4B――使用MFC库扩展DLL
11.6资源访问
第十二章 图形设备接口
12.1设备环境类
12.2GDI对象
12.3Windows的颜色映射
12.4映射方式
12.5字体
12.6MyProg3例程序
12.7MyProg3B程序
12.8MyPr0g3C例程序――使用CScrollView
第十三章 对话框
13.1在状态条上显示对话控件的帮助信息
13.2利用Fi1eOpen通用对话框打开多个文件
13.3定制通用文件对话框
13.4扩展和缩减一个对话框
13.5显示一个模式或无模式对话框
13.6编写定制的DDX/DDV例程
第十四章 剖析工具Spy十＋
14.1窗体
14.2消息
14.3进程与线程
第十五章 代码调试
15.1TRACE
15.2调试框架
15.3自我诊断
15.4调试代码的作用
15.5用Dump（）显示对象的信息
15.6检查内存

Visual pattern recognition network: Its training algorithm and its optoelectronic architecture

A visual pattern recognition network and its training algorithm are proposed. The network constructed of a one-layer morphology network and a two-layer modified Hamming net. This visual network can implement invariant pattern recognition with respect to image translation and size projection. After supervised learning takes place, the visual network extracts image features and classifies patterns much the same as living beings do. Moreover we set up its optoelectronic architecture for real-time pattern recognition. (C) 1996 Optical Society of America

The computer simulation of primate (Macaca mulatta) spatial visual delayed response and cerebral prefrontal control function

Cerebral prefrontal function is one of the important aspects in neurobiology. Based on the experimental results of neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, behavioral sciences, and the principles of cybernetics and information theory after constructed a simple model simulating prefrontal control function, this paper simulated the behavior of Macaca mulatta completing delayed tasks both before and after its cerebral prefrontal cortex being damaged. The results indicated that there is an obvious difference in the capacity of completing delayed response tasks for the normal monkeys and those of prefrontal cortex cut away. The results are agreement with experiments. The authors suggest that the factors of affecting complete delayed response tasks might be in information keeping and extracting of memory including information storing, keeping and extracting procedures rather than in information storing process.

Dissecting Signaling Pathways That Govern Self-renewal of Rabbit Embryonic Stem Cells

The pluripotency and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESC) are regulated by a variety of cytokines/growth factors with some species differences. We reported previously that rabbit ESC (rESC) are more similar to primate ESC than to mouse ESC. However,

A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF LESIONS OF AREA-7 OF THE PARIETAL CORTEX ON THE SHORT-TERM VISUAL SPATIAL MEMORY OF RHESUS-MONKEYS (MACACA-MULATTA)

This research is focused on the contribution of area 7 to the short-term visual spatial memory. Three rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were trained in the direct delayed response task in which 5 delay intervals were used in each session. When each monkey reached the criterion of 90% correct responses in 5 successive sessions, two monkeys underwent a surgery while the other one received a sham operation as a control. In the first stage of the surgery, bilateral areas 7a, 7b and 7ip of the parietal cortex of two monkeys were precisely lesioned. After 7 days of recuperation, the monkeys were required to do the same task. The average percentage of correct responses in the lesioned animals decreased from 94.7% to 89.3% and 93.3% to 82.0% respectively (no significance, P > 0.05, n = 2). In addition, the monkeys' complex movements were mildly impaired. The lesioned monkeys were found to have difficulty picking up food from the wells. In the second stage, bilateral area 7m was lesioned. In the 5 postoperative sessions, the average percentage of correct responses in one monkey, with a relatively precise 7m lesion, decreased from 94.7% to 92.2% (no significance, P > 0.05), while the other monkey, with widely spread necrosis of lateral parietal cortex, showed an. obvious decline in performance, but still over the chance level. After 240 trials this monkey reattained the normal criterion. The results of this research suggest that the lesions of area 7 of the parietal cortex did not significantly affect the short-term visual spatial memory, which has been shown to be sensitive to lesions of the prefrontal cortex; they also support the notion of dissociation of spatial functions in the prefrontal and parietal cortices.

GABA and its agonists improved visual cortical function in senescent monkeys

Human cerebral cortical function degrades during old age. Much of this change may result from a degradation of intracortical inhibition during senescence. We used multibarreled microelectrodes to study the effects of electrophoretic application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the GABA type a (GABAa) receptor agonist muscimol, and the GABAa receptor antagonist bicuculline, respectively, on the properties of individual V1 cells in old monkeys. Bicuculline exerted a much weaker effect on neuronal responses in old than in young animals, confirming a degradation of GABA-mediated inhibition. On the other hand, the administration of GABA and muscimol resulted in improved visual function. Many treated cells in area V1 of old animals displayed responses typical of young cells. The present results have important implications for the treatment of the sensory, motor, and cognitive declines that accompany old age.