71 resultados para variant selection

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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Microsensors and microactuators are vital organs of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), forming the interfaces between controller and environment. They are usually used for devices ranging in size at sub-millimeter or micrometer level, transforming energy between two or more domains. Presently, most of the materials used in MEMS devices belong to the silicon material system, which is the basis of the integrated circuit industry. However, new techniques are being explored and developed, and the opportunities for MEMS materials selection are getting broader. The present paper tries to apply 'performance index' to select the material best suited to a given application, in the early stage of MEMS design. The selection is based on matching performance characteristics to the requirements. A series of performance indices are given to allow a wide range comparison of materials for several typical sensing and actuating structures, and a rapid identification of candidates for a given task. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Singular perturbation theory of two-time-scale expansions was developed in inviscid fluids to investigate patternforming, structure of the single surface standing wave, and its evolution with time in a circular cylindrical vessel subject to a vertical oscillation. A nonlinear slowly varying complex amplitude equation, which involves a cubic nonlinear term, an external excitation and the influence of surface tension, was derived from the potential flow equation. Surface tension was introduced by the boundary condition of the free surface in an ideal and incompressible fluid. The results show that when forced frequency is low, the effect of surface tension on the mode selection of surface waves is not important. However, when the forced frequency is high, the surface tension cannot be neglected. This manifests that the function of surface tension is to cause the free surface to return to its equilibrium configuration. In addition, the effect of surface tension seems to make the theoretical results much closer to experimental results.

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The pattern selection of one-dimensional coupled map lattices is studied in this paper. It is shown by spatiotemporal variable separation that there exists a threshold wavelength in pattern selection which possesses wave-like structures in space and periodic chaotic motion in time.

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本研究利用酵母功能互补方法和RACE的方法从具有较强抗逆能力的绊根草中克隆了9个与重金属抗性相关的克隆,并对部分基因的表达调控及功能进行了初步研究。同时还利用细胞工程技术筛选到了具有较强的耐受火箭推进齐-偏二甲肼(UDMH)的芦苇的变异株系,为以后用人工湿地系统处理受偏二甲肼污染的废水奠定了基础。 本研究通过酵母功能互补法克隆到了五个基因,分别为CdSRP、CdTETH、 CdASP、CdMT2和CdTER1。CdSRP可能是一种衰老相关基因;CdTETH编码的产物可能是组成TRAPP复合体的一个亚基;CdASP是一个功能未知的基因;CdMT2是一个编码Type Ⅱ型金属硫蛋白基因;CdTER1可能是编码一个TERl-like家族蛋白成员的基因。用这五个基因分别转化因Acr基因缺失而对As敏感的酵母菌株FD236-6A,所获得的转化子对As的抗性均有提高,其中以CdMT2、CdTER1和CdASP的作用最为明显。这些基因的表达调控方式以及与其它重金属抗性的关系正在研究中。 本研究还利用RACE的方法克隆了一个谷胱甘肽S-转移酶基因,CdGSTFl;两个植物络合素合酶基因,CdPCSI和CdPCSⅡ,和一个TypeⅠ型金属硫蛋白基因CdMT1。CdGSTF1属于phi类GST基因,Northern-blotting分析表明,CdGSTF1在绊根草根部的表达受Cd2+的诱导,暗示其可能具有解除氧自由基或氢过氧化物的毒性的作用。CdPCSI和CdPCSⅡ的同源性较高,表明绊根草含有两个以上的PCs合酶的基因。参照前人的方法对CdPCSI和CdPCSII的氨基酸序列进行分析,发现它们含有六个非常相近的Cd2+结合位点,这两个基因的功能及其调控方式有何差异尚需进一步的研究。cdMT1与用酵母功能互补法克隆到的CdMT2属于不同类型的MT基因,对它们之间很可能存在的功能、组织特异性等方面的差异性进行了讨论。 四氧化二氮/偏二甲肼是常用的航天器双组元液体推进剂。偏二甲肼易挥发,有致癌、致畸、致突变的毒性。在推进剂贮存、运输、转注、火箭发动机试车、火箭发射、管道及设备冲洗中产生的含有偏二甲肼的废水能够对卫星发射基地的地下水源和空气造成污染。因此迫切需要培育能够净化偏二甲肼污水的植物。 本研究利用生长在卫星发射基地的野生芦苇的种子诱导愈伤组织,进而通过逐步提高偏二甲肼筛选压力的方式从中筛选出具有较强抗性的愈伤组织,然后诱导其分化。目前已经得到能够在含有1.63 mmol/L和3.26 mmol/L偏二甲肼的分化培养基中生长良好的芦苇再生苗,并已成功转移至温室中。抗性分化苗对污水的处理效果和耐受偏二甲肼的机理正在研究中。

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以药蒲公英(Taraxacum officinale Weber)叶片外植体为材料诱导愈伤组织。以NaCl作为选择因子,从愈伤组织直接筛选。在选择培养基上,大部分愈伤组织褐化死亡,在一些褐化死亡的愈伤组织周围有少量新的细胞团生长,挑选生长存活状况好的细胞团转接到新鲜培养基上,每3周继代一次,经3个月继代筛选获得了耐1.5% NaCl的药蒲公英细胞团。以普通愈伤为对照,发现随着NaCl浓度的升高,耐盐愈伤的相对生长率下降但显著高于对照;且随着盐胁迫处理时间的延长持续升高,而普通愈伤对照几乎停止生长,说明耐盐愈伤具有相对稳定的耐盐性。在蛋白水平上,耐盐愈伤与对照愈伤差异明显,SDS-PAGE分析显示:耐盐愈伤比对照多出一条34 KD大小的蛋白带,且30 KD,18 KD左右的蛋白带明显上调。相同处理条件下耐盐愈伤脯氨酸的增加幅度高于对照。盐胁迫条件下,耐盐愈伤的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性明显高于对照,且随着处理时间的延长和盐浓度的增加呈现升高的趋势,而对照则呈现先升高后下降的趋势。1.5% NaCl处理前后,耐盐愈伤的总黄酮含量显著高于对照。结果说明耐盐愈伤一方面通过积累蛋白和其他小分子有机溶质的方式调节其渗透平衡,另一方面还可通过提高抗氧化能力降低盐分造成的次级伤害。 将耐1.5% NaCl的药蒲公英愈伤组织接种在分化培养基上分化出芽,之后将再生芽转接到生根培养基中进行生根培养,经4个月得到了12株耐1.5% NaCl的药蒲公英再生植株。与野生型相比,耐盐植株叶片宽大、叶柄粗短、叶表面覆盖白色细毛,根粗壮较短,花茎中部具有2 cm左右的苞叶。RAPD和SDS-PAGE检测表明,耐盐植株与对照植株在DNA及蛋白水平上均存在明显差异。1.5% NaCl处理后,与普通再生植株相比,耐盐株系的抗氧化酶活性明显提高,脯氨酸含量上升幅度更为显著,而丙二醛含量降低,其主要药用成分黄酮的含量显著增加。这些结果说明耐盐植株的抗氧化防御能力明显增强。以上结果表明耐1.5% NaCl的药蒲公英再生植株为耐1.5% NaCl药蒲公英变异体,这些耐盐变异体有望成为抗盐耐海水蔬菜家族的新成员。同时,这些耐盐变异体植株比普通植株具有更高的医用商业价值。耐1.5% NaCl的药蒲公英再生变异体遗传稳定性的研究正在进行中。