2 resultados para regrow

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng.)入侵我国已有70余年的时间,目前已经对我国西南地区造成了严重危害,却缺少有效的防治方法加以控制。本研究着眼于紫茎泽兰治理效果,在两片大面积综合防治样地的基础上,针对综合防治后样地紫茎泽兰再生长情况展开调查研究,并在野外观测的基础上设计两项置于样地附近的盆栽实验,研究紫茎泽兰在不同环境条件下的存活情况,以及与不同物种混播的种间竞争情况。 对综合治理1年后的样地中4个紫茎泽兰种群调查、分析结果表明,在不同的生境,采取不同的方法治理紫茎泽兰会导致紫茎泽兰采取不同的生长和繁殖对策进行再生长。紫茎泽兰生长速度为:水分充足的环境大于水分不充足的环境,萌生植株大于实生植株。种植替代物种绞股蓝(Gynostmma pentaphyllum)能够抑制紫茎泽兰的高生长,但在绞股蓝的压迫下紫茎泽兰长成L型,反而增加了冠幅、分蘖数目和单位株高的分枝数。在繁殖方式方面:采用拔除方法治理的区域紫茎泽兰以克隆繁殖为主,而采用喷洒化学除草剂治理的区域则以有性繁殖为主。 固定样方调查显示,紫茎泽兰再生长的1年当中,群落随季节变化而变。群落的盖度、密度和物种丰富度均随着旱季的深入而达到最低,第二年雨季到来后上升,紫茎泽兰在群落中处于绝对优势,尤其是在旱季优势更为明显。一年生紫茎泽兰在旱季部分植株死亡(死亡率为53.38±1.55%),少部分(5.66±0.45%)开花,产生种子的密度约为50 000ind∙m-2。与本地优势灌木物种车桑子(Dodonaea viscosa)、台湾相思(Acacia confuse)和马桑(Coriaria nepalensis)相比,紫茎泽兰具有更快的生长速度,更大的高度、密度和盖度。 紫茎泽兰种子的萌发需要充足的水分和遮荫条件。在盆栽实验当中,浇水或遮荫条件下足量紫茎泽兰的种子能够萌发更多的幼苗,而且幼苗的死亡率也比无浇水或无遮荫的处理低。在遮荫或去除其它物种竞争的条件下,紫茎泽兰幼苗生长速度更快。只要水分充足紫茎泽兰幼苗不会因拥挤而死亡,但是个体平均生物量会因拥挤而减小。 紫茎泽兰幼苗与本地3种草本植物比较结果,在未遮荫条件下,紫茎泽兰幼苗数量极少,且个体也非常小,而相同条件下荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)和含羞草决明(Cassia mimosoides)生长良好;在遮荫条件下荩草、含羞草决明和戟叶酸模(Rumex haxtatus )与紫茎泽兰相比则几乎没有优势。 成株紫茎泽兰生命力强,难以控制,幼苗时期是采用替代控制方法治理紫茎泽兰的最佳时期。在替代控制物种选择方面,可以在根除后播种本地灌木和草本植物,因为草本植物在早期可以抑制紫茎泽兰幼苗的萌发和生长,而同时播种的灌木种类则可以在植被恢复的后期起到控制紫茎泽兰再生长的重要作用。

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The electrical and structural characteristics of secondary defects in regrown amorphous layers formed in n-type Si(100) with a resistivity of 2 OMEGA cm and 6 OMEGA cm using Ge+ ions, has been studied. The amorphous layers with a thickness of 460 nm are formed by implantation of 1 x 10(15) Ge+ cm-2 at an energy of 400 keV. Both conventional furnace and rapid thermal annealing were used to regrow the amorphous layer and the residual defects have been characterised in terms of their concentration depth distribution and activation energies using C-V and DLTS. Structural information has been obtained from RBS and XTEM. By choosing suitable anneal conditions it is possible to eliminate extended defects, apart from a low concentration of end of range dislocation loops. However, a substantial population of electrically active point defects remain after simple low thermal budget anneals. In a sample implanted with 1 x 10(15) Ge+ cm-2 at 400 keV a region of deep donors approximately 460 nm from the surface is always present When the samples are annealed at higher temperatures (> 850-degrees the total deep donor concentration is reduced by one order of magnitude. Other electrically active defects not observable in the low (750-degrees-C) temperature annealed layers become apparent during anneals at intermediate temperatures.