Effect of paradoxical sleep deprivation and stress on passive avoidance behavior

Previous studies have shown that several types of stress can induce memory impairment. However, the memory effects of paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD), a stressor in itself, are unclear. We therefore compared passive avoidance behavior of rats undergoing PSD and PSD stress yoked-control (PSC) using the "reversed flowerpot method." When rats were kept isolated on a PSC platform for 24 It immediately after criterion training, retention trials showed impaired aversive memory storage. When delayed for 24 h after criterion training, PSC stress did not disrupt retention performance. In rats subjected to PSD, either immediately or 24 It after criterion training, there was no disruption of aversive memory consolidation. These results suggest that, during stress, paradoxical sleep plays a role in erasing aversive memory traces, in line with the theory that we "dream in order to forget." (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Photoexcited charge current for the presence of pure spin current

The asymmetric spin distribution in k space caused by the pure spin current (PSC) can introduce a photoexcited charge current (PECC). This provides us a practical scheme for direct detection of PSC. We demonstrate theoretically that the PECC related to the PSC depends sensitively on the wave vector and spin orientation of the carriers, more important, the helicity dependence of this PECC provides us a way to refine it from the helicity independent background current by tuning the polarized laser beams from left to right circular polarization.

大鼠海马CA1区神经元高级可塑性（Metaplasticity）的研究

经验（experience）或突触活动依赖的突触信息传递效能的增强（LTP）或抑制（LTD）被称为突触可塑性（synaPticplasticity），是公认的学习和记忆的细胞分子学基础。突触可塑性的方向是突触信息传递效能的增强或降低；突触可塑性的程度是突触信息传递的效能增加量或降低量。突触活动历史可影响随后突触可塑性的方向或程度。这种突触可塑性的可塑性被称为高级可塑性（MetaP1asticity）。最明显的高级可塑性现象是发生在突触效能没有改变的情况下。经验或者突触活动可以同时诱导出突触可塑性和高级可塑性。除非知道突触活动的历史，否则很难预测突触可塑性的大小和方向。高级可塑性简单地讲就是过去的神经信息留下痕迹会对神经信息的加工处理产生持续性影响。目前高级可塑性的机理并不完全清楚。采用全细胞电压钳记录方法，在3周龄wistar大鼠海马脑片中，同时记录schaffer侧枝纤维一以1处兴奋性突触后膜电流（evokedEPsC）和自发性微小兴奋性突触后膜"电流（mEPSC）。结果显示，mEPSC和低频刺激诱导的长时程抑制（Long一TermDePre55ion，LTD）之间呈负相关，mEPsc的频率或幅值越小，诱导出的LTD幅度越大；应激和低钙溶液处理在降低记PsC的频率和幅值的同时并没有明显改变随后LTD的诱导幅，但是这两者负相关性依然存。相关系数在应激条件下有增加，在低钙溶液中有降低。以上结果提示，mPEsc的频率或幅值可能指示了过去的突触活动或经验产牛的高幼可朔件＿田、冲稀恻了喃层的，：。、云导的幅度。C鹉子妙触可黔和高级可黔中起着关键作。作为一种非选择性阳离子通道，van11101drec即tortyPel（VR1或TRPVI）在脑区中广泛表达，尤其在海马高表达。内源性配体可以激活该受体通道。但目前并不清楚vRI在海马突触可塑性当中的作用。我们发现VRI激动剂辣椒素不影响脑片中海马以1区基础突触传递，但是它阻断低频诱导（LFS，3Hz）的LTD，增强高频诱导（HFs，20OHz）的长时程增强（Long一TerlnPotetiantion，LTP）。也就是vRI激活改变了突触可塑性的方向，是一种经典的高级可塑性现象。正常情况下50Hz不能诱导出LTP，而加入辣椒素后易化了LTP的诱导。因此LTP诱导的闽值降低。辣椒素激动剂对突触可塑性或高级可塑性的效应不依赖协。A受体而依赖于H型钙调蛋白激酶（CaMKII）的调控。因为场。A受体电流和它的电流一电压曲线不受此激动剂影响，但CaMKII抑制剂KN-93或者VRI拮抗剂capsazepine却阻断了辣椒素的这种效应。这些发现，显示VRI可以调控海马以1区的高级突触可塑性，可能参与某些类型的学习和记忆。

华北平原冬小麦冠层导度的环境响应及模拟

通过引入叶面积指数,将叶片水平的气孔导度组合模型扩展到冠层水平,建立了冠层导度环境响应组合模型,组合模型所需参数较少,且均可在冠层水平直接测量,便于应用;模型由潜在气孔导度(PSC)和相对气孔开度(RDO)组成,二者分别由环境变量的日际(inter-day)和日间(intra-day)的值决定。分析表明,冠层导度在日际尺度和日间尺度上对环境变量具有多尺度响应特性,在日际尺度上,温度是影响冠层导度的主要因子,在日间尺度,光是影响气孔开闭的主要因素。利用以温度和光合有效辐射为输入变量构建的组合模型,模拟了华北

Aminic nitrogen-bearing polydentate Schiff base compounds as corrosion inhibitors for iron in acidic media: A quantum chemical calculation

Quantum chemical calculations based on DFT method were performed on three polydentate Schiff base compounds (PSCs) used as corrosion inhibitors for iron in acid media to determine the relationship between the molecular structure of PSC and inhibition efficiency. The structural parameters, such as the frontier molecular orbital energy HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) and LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital), the charge distribution of the studied inhibitors, the absolute electronegativity (chi) values, and the fraction of electrons (Delta N) transfer from inhibitors to iron, were also calculated and correlated with inhibition efficiencies. The results showed that the inhibition efficiency of PSCs increased with the increase in E-HOMO and decrease in E-LUMO-E-HOMO; and the areas containing N atoms are most possible sites for bonding the metal iron surface by donating electrons to the metal. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.