57 resultados para protected cultivation

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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在设施菜地条件下,研究了不同有机肥施入量在黄瓜生长期对土壤-植物系统NO3--N迁移累积的影响。结果表明,黄瓜生长期土壤-植物系统NO3--N的迁移累积规律受黄瓜生长期、有机肥施用水平和土壤肥力的影响。盛果期,不同肥力土壤各个土层的硝酸盐含量和黄瓜叶片及体内的硝酸盐含量均高于黄瓜的其它生长期;对于不同的施肥水平,当施肥量为60 t hm-2时各个土层的不同肥力土壤硝酸盐含量均高于其它处理,且高肥力土壤条件下黄瓜体内的硝酸盐含量在黄瓜生长旺盛期超过国家安全食品标准(410mgkg-1),当施肥量低于20 t hm-2时不同肥力土壤各个土层未出现硝酸盐显著累积现象,且在黄瓜生长的各个时期,黄瓜体内的硝酸盐含量均未超标。 土壤硝酸盐的垂直运移过程受有机肥施用水平和土壤肥力的影响,施肥量低于20 t hm-2时不同肥力土壤各土层未出现硝酸盐显著累积现象,当施肥量为60 t hm-2时土壤硝酸盐累积峰值随土壤肥力水平的提高而增加;40-150 cm土壤剖面中硝酸盐累积总量随有机肥施用量的增加而增加;不同肥力土壤在相同有机肥施用水平下40-150 cm土壤硝酸盐累积总量的变化量不同,土壤肥力越高土壤硝酸盐累积总量的绝对增加量越大,说明相同的有机肥处理对高肥力土壤硝酸盐累积影响更大。

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在设施菜地条件下,研究了配施双氰胺对土壤-植物系统NO3--N 迁移累积和作物产量的影响。结果表明,配施 2 %、5 % 和10 % 浓度的双氰胺均可以有效降低设施菜地耕层土壤 NO3--N 的淋溶和累积,推迟土壤 NO3--N 含量高峰出现时间15 d 以上。而且随着双氰胺配施浓度的升高,其硝化抑制效果越明显。 配施不同浓度的双氰胺可不同程度降低砂壤质潮棕壤 40 - 120 cm 土层土壤 NO3--N 的累积,其中配施 10 % 双氰胺对控制 NO3--N 在深层土壤中的累积和淋溶效果最显著,对减少设施菜地土壤和地下水 NO3--N 污染的环境治理有较高的参考价值。在试验期间未观测到粘壤质潮棕壤试验样地中各施肥处理NO3--N 在40 cm 以下的深层土壤中的累积和淋溶。 配施不同浓度的双氰胺调整了土壤硝态氮供应量和供应时间,不同程度的降低了收获期苦苣可食部分硝酸盐的含量,部分施肥处理已达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。各试验处理苦苣可食部分硝酸盐含量均低于 3000 mg•kg-1,达到国家叶菜类安全食品标准 (GB 19338-2003),且部分处理已低于1000 mg•kg-1。同时,添加双氰胺可明显降低苦苣可食部分亚硝酸盐的含量,使苦苣亚硝酸盐含量低于 2 mg•kg-1,达到国家绿色食品绿叶类蔬菜卫生标准 (NY/T 743-2003),但不同双氰胺配施浓度之间差异不明显。此外,配施双氰胺在一定程度上提高了作物产量,但在增产效果与双氰胺的配施量不成正比。

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Studies on mixed mass cultivation of Anabaena spp. on a large scale (5170 m2) were conducted continuously for 3 years. Under the continental monsoon climate in northern subtropics (30-degrees-N, 115-degrees-E), 7-11 g dry weight m-2 day-1 of microalgal biomass on average was harvested in simple plastic greenhouses in the effective growth days during the warmer seasons. The maximum productivity was 22 g m-2 day-1 in the middle of summer. Observations on the productive properties of strains of Anabaena spp. indicated that they were different from and could compensate for each other in their productivities and adaptations to the seasonal changes. With different lining materials (PVC sheets, concrete, sand and soil) in the culture ponds, no significant variation of productivity was found, but bubbling with biogas in the middle of the day and the application of some growth regulating substances (2,4-D, NaHSO3 and extracts of oyster mushroom spawn) was able to improve the production. The cost of microalgal biomass in this way was around 0.75-1.0 US dollar(s) per kilogram.