Evaluation of the pyrolytic and kinetic characteristics of Enteromorpha prolifera as a source of renewable bio-fuel from the Yellow Sea of China

The pyrolytic and kinetic characteristics of Enteromorpha prolifera from the Yellow Sea were evaluated at heating rates of 10, 20 and 50 degrees C min(-1), respectively. The results indicated that three stages appeared during pyrolysis; dehydration, primary devolatilization and residual decomposition. Differences in the heating rates resulted in considerable differences in the pyrolysis of E. prolifera. Specifically, the increase of heating rates resulted in shifting of the initial temperature, peak temperature and the maximum weight loss to a higher value. The average activation energy of E. prolifera was 228.1 kJ mol(-1), the pre-exponential factors ranged from 49.93 to 63.29 and the reaction orders ranged from 2.2 to 3.7. In addition, there were kinetic compensation effects between the pre-exponential factors and the activation energy. Finally, the minimum activation energy was obtained when a heating rate of 20 degrees C min(-1) was used. (C) 2009 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

基于神经网络的水泥生料配料多目标优化设计方法

为了降低生料成分的不确定性给水泥生料质量控制系统带来的影响,提出了率值补偿的控制策略.分别为三率值创建目标函数,并利用状态空间搜索策略解决多目标优化问题.针对初始样本空间不能覆盖所有样本的问题,提出了基于神经网络的估算模型,对初始样本空间进行拓扑.通过估价函数对状态空间中的状态量进行评价,得到最优的率值状态量;根据率值对原料配比进行调整,最后使率值偏差得到补偿,同时使给配比造成的波动最小.工业实验结果表明,生料的质量合格率由原来的30%提高到50%,该系统能有效地对配料过程进行优化控制.证明了基于神经网络的状态空间搜索策略为水泥生料配料多目标寻优问题提供了一种可行的方法。

两栖机器人轮桨腿驱动机构多目标优化设计

提出了一种既能够在陆地上爬行,又能够在一定深度的水下浮游和在海底爬行的新概念轮桨腿一体化两栖机器人;多运动模式和复合移动机构是该机器人的突出特点.分析了轮桨腿复合式驱动机构的运动机理,并采用多目标优化设计理论和算法,对驱动机构的爬行性能和浮游特性进行了综合优化,得到了两栖机器人驱动机构的结构优化参数.虚拟样机的仿真结果证明了该轮桨腿一体化两栖机器人驱动机构的综合运动性能良好,对非结构环境具有一定的适应能力。

影响生育价值观因素的研究－传统回归分析与多层线性模型分析结果的比较

Based on the research of predictors of VOC, this study explores the predictive effect of factors, such as generation, urban/rural context, collectivism/individualism orientation, family value, independent/interdependent self, adult attachment, on the Emotional and Traditional factors of VOC. Considering the hierarchical data structure of the VOC study, which resulted from the original research design, this dissertation applies Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) after using traditional regression. A comparison between the results from the tow statistical methods is made, and the results are as follows: 1) Reliability coefficients of questionnaires used in this study are satisfactory, and most of them can be used in further research. 2) Samples from different generation and urban/rural context show significant differences on the score of collectivism/individualism orientation, family value, independent/interdependent self, adult attachment, and VOC. 3) Regression equations with VOC as outcome variable differ from each other when using data from sample with restricted generation or urban/rural context. 4) Results by HLM shows that interdependent self and mother identity have positive effect on emotional factor of VOC. Emotional factor’s variation on family level is not significant. 5) Results by HLM shows that Individualism, Interdependent Self and Grandmother Identity can predict Traditional factor of VOC. Traditional factor’s variation is significant on family level, which can be explained by family income and it’s area-urban or rural. Based on the results above, the researcher concludes that a) generation identity and urban/rural context have important effect on VOC; b) Interdependent Self is an important predictive factor of VOC’s Emotional factor, which is nearly subjective to other factors; d) VOC’s traditional factor varies with other factors, which show its strong relation with culture and tradition; e) more exact results can be gotten from HLM analysis, which beyond tradition regression.