102 resultados para late modern Sweden

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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Due to its numerous environmental extremes, the Tibetan Plateau -the world's highest plateau-is one of the most challenging areas of modern human settlement. Archaeological evidence dates the earliest settlement on the plateau to the Late Paleolithic, whi

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The evolution and variation history of the Tsushima warm current during the late Quaternary was reconstructed based on the quantitative census data of planktonic foraminiferal fauna, together with oxygen and carbon isotope records of mixed layer dweller a ruber and thermocline dweller N. dutertrei in piston core CSH1 and core DGKS9603 collected separately from the Tsushima warm current and the Kuroshio dominated area. The result showed that the Tsushima warm current vanished in the lowstand period during 40-24 cal ka BP, while the Kuroshio still flowed across the Okinawa Trough, arousing strong upwelling in the northern Trough. Meanwhile, the influence of freshwater greatly increased in the northern Okinawa Trough, as the broad East China Sea continental shelf emerged. The freshwater reached its maximum during the last glacial maximum (LGM), when the upwelling obviously weakened for the lowest sea-level and the depression of the Kuroshio. The modern Tsushima warm current began its development since 16 cal ka BP, and the impact of the Kuroshio increased in the middle and northern Okinawa Trough synchronously during the deglaciation and gradually evolved as the main water source of the Tsushima current. The modern Tsushima current finally formed at about 8.5 cal ka BP, since then the circulation structure has been relatively stable. The water of the modern Tsushima current primarily came from the Kuroshio axis. A short-term wiggle of the current occurred at about 3 cal ka BP, probably for the influences from the enhancement of the winter monsoon and the depression of the Kuroshio. The cold water masses greatly strengthened during the wiggle.

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随着全球环境的变化,人们迫切的希望了解整个地球环境的变化过程、规律和未来发展的趋势。对地质历史时期发生过的环境事件的了解,能为我们研究现在的和预测未来的环境变化提供有价值的资料。 孢粉分析作为一种古环境的代用指标,在恢复古植被与古气候方面起着不可替代的作用。而精确的孢粉分析建立在对现代花粉与当地植被的关系正确的认识基础上,由此才可以更准确地提取地层中的花粉所蕴含的植被和环境信息。 云南省地理位置较特殊,地貌复杂,气候类型多样,与之对应的植物种类多样性丰富,植被类型多样。本项研究选择云南省南部和西部地区作为研究地点,采集表土、地表苔藓、蜘蛛网、树皮和树上地衣苔藓五种天然孢粉捕捉器来研究现代花粉与当地植被的关系,为认识现代花粉雨提供新的研究思路。同时,我们在滇西北选择拉市海、文海、哈里谷和属都湖这四个高原湖泊来研究晚更新世以来滇西北地区植被演替和气候变化,为云南历史时期气候变化提供新的研究资料,同时也为全面认识晚更新世以来的气候变化提供新的证据。研究结果如下: 1. 现代花粉雨与当地植被关系的研究 对云南省西北部、中部和南部采集的19个蜘蛛网样品分析得出:云南省西北部样品中共鉴定20个孢粉类型,分属于16个科;云南省中部样品中共鉴定28个类型,分属于23个科;在云南省南部勐腊县采集的样品中共鉴定28个类型,分属于25个科;在望天树北京植物园中采集的样品共鉴定38个类型,分属于34个科;在西双版纳北京植物园中采集的样品中共有11个类型,分属于10个科。结果表明:蜘蛛网样品中分析出的孢粉类型反映了云南省从南到北不同的植被类型,说明蜘蛛网可以作为一种天然孢粉捕捉器来进行现代花粉雨的研究。 同时,在云南西北部文笔水库采集的五种天然孢粉捕捉器(表土、地表苔藓、树皮、蜘蛛网、树上地衣和苔藓)进行了对比研究。结果表明:表土所得的孢粉中木本植物花粉的百分含量为90.5-96%,远大于地表苔藓(53.1-81.7%)、蜘蛛网(61.7%)、树皮(53.8%)和树上地衣、苔藓(50-53.6%)所获得的木本植物花粉的百分含量。与当地植被进行对比结果表明:这五种天然孢粉捕捉器中,表土、地表苔藓和蜘蛛网比树皮和树上地衣、苔藓能更好的反映当地的植被。 2. 滇西北地区晚更新世以来植被演替与气候变化 在过去2, 5000年左右的地质历史时期,滇西北地区植被和气候变化大致经历了以下三个发展阶段。 (1) 2, 5381 B.P—1, 9335 B.P.:属都湖地区(海拔:3620m)主要是以蓼科植物为主的草甸植被,气候寒冷湿润。 (2) 1, 9335 B.P.—1, 2426 B.P.:属都湖地区是以藜科或蒿属为主的草甸植被,气候从湿润过渡到干旱;而在海拔稍低的文海地区(海拔3080m),主要是阔叶栎林或针阔混交林,气候温凉略湿到寒冷干旱。 (3) 1, 2426 B.P.—至今:属都湖地区是以蓼科为主的草甸植被,气候仍寒冷湿润;海拔稍低的哈里谷(海拔3277m)是以松和冷杉为主的针叶林,气候冷干;文海地区的植被逐渐演替为以松和冷杉为主的针阔叶混交林,但栎属花粉的含量远高于哈里谷地区,说明当时文海的气温虽然低,却比哈里谷稍高;而海拔更低的拉市海(海拔2440m)则是以松为主的针叶林,气候比其他几个地区温暖。 在全新世气候最适宜期(约8000 B.P.以来),哈里谷是以栎和松为主的针阔混交林;文海是以松为主的针阔混交林;而拉市海是以松和蕨类植物为主。说明随着海拔的升高(从拉市海到属都湖),温度逐渐下降,植被类型也由暖性针叶林过渡到针阔混交林再到草甸。 从6000 B.P.至今,文海和哈里谷植被在这一阶段都是以松和冷杉为主的暗针叶林,少量混生一些阔叶类植物,气候变得冷湿;属都湖则仍是以蓼科为主的草甸,气候变得更加寒冷。 研究证明:滇西北地区总的气候变化趋势与全球变化规律基本一致,在1,1805—9990 B.P.期间发生新仙女木事件,在8000B.P.以来,气候变得温暖湿润,为全新世气候最适宜期。此后,气候逐渐变得接近现代。