农民工群体偏爱的研究

The present paper studies the explicit, implicit and the neural mechanism of group bias on rural residents, off-farm workers and urban citizens in Off-farm workers. The relations between group-bias and these factors such as collective self-esteem, self-esteem, group identity and depression were also discussed. The main results of this paper can be summarized as follows： 1. There were dissociations between explicit and implicit group-bias of the Off-farm workers on all three groups. Off-farm workers favored urban citizens implicitly most, and the bias on rural residents was least;. However, the rural residents was the group they liked most, but the urban citizens was the least. 2. The more the implicit and the less the explicit in-group bias they had, the more they felt depressive. 3. Collecitve self-esteem was only related to the explicit in-group bias. 4. The undergraduates showed bias on urban citizens and prejudice to rural residents as Off-farm workers, but their attitude towards Off-farm worker was more positive than Off-farm worker themselves was. 5.The implicit group-bias occurs rapidly and automatically which includes two potential processes as activation and inhibition and it isn’t necessary for them coexist in the same object. Besides, N400 and LPC are sensitive to the two processes respectively.

Structure and identity of 4,4 '-thiobisbenzenethiol self-assembled monolayers

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 4,4'-thiobisbenzenethiol (TBBT) can be formed on Au surface spontaneously. The structural characteristics and adsorption behavior of TBBT SAMs on Au have been investigated by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV), ac impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is demonstrated that TBBT adsorbed on Au by losing a H atom, forming one Au-S bond, and the other mercapto group is free at the surface of the monolayer owing to the presence of the nu(S-H) at 2513 cm(-1) and the delta(C-S-H) at 910 cm(-1) in SERS. The enhancement of the vibration of C-S (1064 cm(-1)), the aromatic C-H vibration (3044 cm(-1)), and the absence of the vibration of S-S illustrate TBBT adsorbed on Au forming a monolayer with one benzene ring tilted with respect to the Au surface. The interpretation of the observed frequencies is aided by ab initio molecular orbital (MO) calculations at the HF/6-31G* level of theory. Electrochemical CV and EIS indicate TBBT monolayers can passivate the Au effectively for its low ratio of pinhole defects (theta = 99.6%). AFM studies give details about the surface morphology. The applications of TBBT SAMs have been extensively investigated by exposure of Cu2+ ion to TBBT SAMs on Au and covalent adsorption of metal nanoparticles.