Direct patterning of polymer-based photo luminescent structures with a mask

We report a simple method to directly pattern polymer-based photo luminescent material, i.e. a prepatterned mask is placed a close distance above it. The final structure is a positive replica of the lateral structures in the mask with submicrometer resolution. The comparison of luminescence efficiency before and after patterning indicates almost no degradation in optical property of the material during the experiments. The mechanism of pattern formation is also discussed.

Enhanced thermal stability of zinc-based titanate (dielectric) ceramics prepared by the modified sol-gel route

A multi-component substitution of Co and Ni was incorporated into ZnTiO3 to form pure hexagonal Zn1-x(Co1/2Ni1/2)xTiO(3) (x = 0,0.8,0.9,1.0) dielectric ceramic powders by a modified sol-gel route, following heat treatments at 600 degrees C for 3 h and at 800 degrees C for 6 h. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements revealed that the order of increasing thermal stability of solid solution compound Zn1-x(Co1/2Ni1/2)(x)TiO3 was ZnTiO3 (945 degrees C), Zn0.1Ni0.9TiO3 (1346 degrees C), Zn-0.1(Co1/2Ni1/2)(0.9)TiO3 (1390 degrees C), and Zn0.1Co0.9TiO3 (> 1400 degrees C). Both the dielectric constant and loss tangent reached a maximum at x = 0.8 and then decreased with solubility, x, and measurement frequency.

Mechanics of metallic foams: A fractal approach

A fractal approach was proposed to investigate the meso structures and size effect of metallic foams: For a series At foams of different relative densities, the information dimension method was applied to measure meso structures. The generalized sierpinski carpet was introduced to map the meso structures of the foam according to specific dimension. The results show that the fractal-based model can not only reveal the variation of yield strength with specimen size, but also bridge the meso structures and mechanical proper-ties of Al foams directly. Key words: metallic foams; fractal; size effect; meso structures

基于分形的泡沫金属细观结构与尺寸效应研究

提出采用分形理论对泡沫金属的细现结构及尺寸效应进行研究的方法.针对一系列具有不同相对密度和细观结构的泡沫铝,证明了其细观结构在一定尺度内符合分形特征,比较了小岛分维、计盒分维和信息分维等算法对泡沫金属分形表征的适用性,分析了细观结构特征对分维的影响.结合推广的sierpinski垫片模型研究了泡沫铝的屈服强度与分维的联系,建立了泡沫铝屈服强度的尺寸效应模型.研究结果表明,由于引入了表征细现结构特征的分形维数,该模型除能表征屈服强度随试样尺寸的变化规律外,还在一定程度上直接反映了泡沫金属细观结构特征对力学性能的影响.

SEMICLASSICAL AND ENVELOPE-FUNCTION TREATMENT OF MAGNETIC LEVELS IN SUPERLATTICES UNDER AN INPLANE MAGNETIC-FIELD

The theoretical treatment of magnetic levels formed in the minibands of superlattices under an in-plane magnetic field is discussed. It is found that the results of semiclassical and envelope-function treatments based on miniband structures are in good agreement with the results calculated strictly by the quantum-mechanical method, so long as the critical parameter 2hc/eBL2 is larger than 1. The wave functions obtained are in the nature of superlattice envelope functions, which are over and above the usual effective-mass envelope functions for bulk materials.

胜利油田低渗透砂岩油藏非均质地质建模

Guided by geological theories, the author analyzed factual informations and applied advanced technologies including logging reinterpretation, predicting of fractal-based fracture network system and stochastic modeling to the low permeable sandstone reservoirs in Shengli oilfield. A new technology suitable for precious geological research and 3D heterogeneity modeling was formed through studies of strata precious correlation, relation between tectonic evolution and fractural distribution, the control and modification of reservoirs diagenesis, logging interpretation mathematical model, reservoir heterogeneity, and so on. The main research achievements are as follows: (1) Proposed four categories of low permeable reservoirs, which were preferable, general, unusual and super low permeable reservoir, respectively; (2) Discussed ten geological features of the low permeable reservoirs in Shengli area; (3) Classified turbidite fan of Es_3 member of the Area 3 in Bonan oilfield into nine types of lithological facies, and established the facies sequences and patterns; (4) Recognized that the main diagenesis were compaction, cementation and dissolution, among which the percent compaction was up to 50%~90%; (5) Divided the pore space in ES_3 member reservoir into secondary pores with dissolved carbonate cement and residual intergranular pores strongly compacted and cemented; (6) Established logging interpretation mathematical model guided by facies- control modeling theory; (7) Predicted the fracture distribution in barriers using fractal method; (8) Constructed reservoir structural model by deterministic method and the 3D model of reservoir parameters by stochastic method; (9) Applied permeability magnitudes and directions to describe the fractures' effect on fluid flow, and presented four different fractural configurations and their influence on permeability; (10) Developed 3D modeling technology for the low permeable sandstone reservoirs. The research provided reliable geological foundation for the establishment and modification of development plans in low permeable sandstone reservoirs, improved the development effect and produced more reserves, which provided technical support for the stable and sustained development of Shengli Oilfield.

Clemaps: Multiple Alignment Of Protein Structures Based On Conformational Letters

CLEMAPS is a tool for multiple alignment of protein structures. It distinguishes itself from other existing algorithms for multiple structure alignment by the use of conformational letters, which are discretized states of 3D segmental structural states. A letter corresponds to a cluster of combinations of three angles formed by C-alpha pseudobonds of four contiguous residues. A substitution matrix called CLESUM is available to measure the similarity between any two such letters. The input 3D structures are first converted to sequences of conformational letters. Each string of a fixed length is then taken as the center seed to search other sequences for neighbors of the seed, which are strings similar to the seed. A seed and its neighbors form a center-star, which corresponds to a fragment set of local structural similarity shared by many proteins. The detection of center-stars using CLESUM is extremely efficient. Local similarity is a necessary, but insufficient, condition for structural alignment. Once center-stars are found, the spatial consistency between any two stars are examined to find consistent star duads using atomic coordinates. Consistent duads are later joined to create a core for multiple alignment, which is further polished to produce the final alignment. The utility of CLEMAPS is tested on various protein structure ensembles.

Cathodoluminescence study of GaN-based film structures

GaN films grown on sapphire substrate with an emphasis on epitaxial lateral overgrown (ELOG) layers with an array of rhombic shaped mask area as well as InGaN/GaN MQW laser diode layer structures were investigated by cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy and CL imaging at room and low temperatures. The microscopic imaging with a high-spatial resolution clearly reveals the distribution of threading dislocations and point defects in ELOG GaN films. The secondary electron and CL data measured on cleaved faces of laser diodes are analyzed in consideration with luminescence mechanisms in semiconductor heterostructures and around the p - n junction, providing important information on the defects and carrier dynamics in laser diode devices.

Blue-violet Lasing of Optically Pumped GaN-Based Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser With Dielectric Distributed Bragg Reflectors

Optically pumped GaN-based vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with two Ta2O5/SiO2 dielectric distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) was fabricated via a simplifled procedure direct deposition of the top DBR onto the GaN surface exposed after substrate removal and no use of etching and polishing processes. Blue-violet lasing action was observed at a wavelength of 397.3 ran under optical pumping at room temperature with a threshold pumping energy density of about 71.5 mJ/cm(2). The laser action was further confirmed by a narrow emission linewidth of 0.13 nm and a degree of polarization of about 65%. The result suggests that practical blue-violet GaN-bsaed VCSEL can be realized by optimizing the laser lift-off technique for substrate removal.

Comparison of the properties of GaN grown on complex Si-based structures

With the aim of investigating the possible integration of optoelectronic devices, epitaxial GaN layers have been grown on Si(Ill) semiconductor-on-insulator (SOI) and on Si/CoSi2/Si(111) using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The samples are found to possess a highly oriented wurtzite structure, a uniform thickness, and abrupt interfaces. The epitaxial orientation is determined as GaN(0001)//Si(111), GaN[1120]//Si[110], and GaN[1010]//Si[112], and the GaN layer is tensilely strained in the direction parallel to the interface. According to Rutherford backscattering/channeling spectrometry and (0002) rocking curves, the crystalline quality of GaN on Si(111) SOI is better than that of GaN on silicide. Room-temperature photoluminescence of GaN/SOI reveals a strong near-band-edge emission at 368 nm (3.37 eV) with a full width at half-maximum of 59 meV. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics.

Resonant cavity based compact efficient antireflection structures for photonic crystals

We propose an effective admittance ( EA) method to design antireflection structures for two-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs). We demonstrate that a compact and efficient antireflection structure, which is difficult to obtain by the conventional admittance matching method, can be readily designed by the EA method. The antireflection structure consists of an air slot resonant cavity that is constructed only with the materials that constitute the PC. Compared with a bare PC, the reflection from a PC with an antireflection structure is reduced by two orders of magnitude over a wide bandwidth. To confirm the presented EA method, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations are performed, and the results from the FDTD and the EA method are in good agreement.

Si based quantum cascade structure: from energy band structures design to materials growth

In this paper, we propose an n-type vertical transition bound-to-continuum Ge/SiGe quantum cascade structure utilizing electronic quantum wells in the L and Gamma valleys of the Ge layers. The optical transition levels are located in the quantum wells in the L valley. The Gamma-L intervalley scattering is used to depopulate the lower level and inject the electrons into the upper level. We also show that high quality Si1-yGey pseudosubstrate is obtained by thermal annealing of Si1-xGex/Ge/Si structure. (C) 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Study on the Dissociation Behavior of Gas Hydrate in Porous Sediment Based on Fractal Theory

The dissociation process of gas hydrate was regarded as a gas-solid reaction without solid production layer when the temperature was above the zero centigrade. Based on the shrinking core model and the fractal theory, a fractional dimension dynamical model for gas hydrate dissociation in porous sediment was established. The new approach of evaluating the fractal dimension of the porous media was also presented. The fractional dimension dynamical model for gas hydrate dissociation was examined with the previous experimental data of methane hydrate and carbon dioxide hydrate dissociations, respectively. The calculated results indicate that the fractal dimensions of porous media acquired with this method agree well with the previous study. With the absolute average deviation (AAD) below 10%, the present model provided satisfactory predictions for the dissociation process of methane hydrate and carbon dioxide hydrate.

Comparison of Loss and Crosstalk Characteristics of SOI Based Intersecting Waveguides with Different Bend Structures

By means of two dimension beam propagation method (2D-BPM) with high order Pade approximation, behaviors of SOI waveguide based bend intersections with variant bending radius are simulated and analized. The result shows that crosstalk of intersections decreases with the increase of bending radius and intersecting angle. Furthermore, loss and crosstalk characteristics of bend intersections formed by sine bend, cosine bend and arc bend are compared. Sine bend based structures are proved that it can present lowest loss and smallest crosstalk properties among the three and may find their wide application in the design of bend intersections and other more complicated photonic devices and circuits.

Constructing channel structures based on the assembly of p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene nanocapsules and [M(bpdo)(3)](2+)(M = Cu, Zn)

Novel channel structures based on [M(bpdo)(3)](2+) and p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene nanocapsules have been established; these are sustained exclusively by charge-assisted pi...pi interactions and sorption experiments show the porous materials have selective guest sorption properties.