Non-Linear Wave-Induced Transient Response of Soil Around a Trenched Pipeline

Submarine pipelines are always trenched within a seabed for reducing wave loads and thereby enhancing their stability. Based on Biot’s poroelastic theory, a two-dimensional finite element model is developed to investigate non-linear wave-induced responses of soil around a trenched pipeline, which is verified with the flume test results by Sudhan et al. [Sudhan, C.M., Sundar, V., Rao, S.N., 2002. Wave induced forces around buried pipeline. Ocean Engineering, 29, 533–544] and Turcotte et al. [Turcotte, B.R., Liu, P.L.F., Kulhawy, F.H., 1984. Laboratory evaluation of wave tank parameters for wave-sediment interaction. Joseph H. Defree Hydraulic Laboratory Report 84-1, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University]. Non-linear wave-induced transient pore pressure around pipeline at various phases of wave loading is examined firstly. Unlike most previous investigations, in which only a single sediment layer and linear wave loading were concerned, in this study, the influences of the non-linearity of wave loading, the physical properties of backfill materials and the geometry profile of trenches on the excess pore pressures within the soil around pipeline, respectively, were explored, taking into account the in situ conditions of buried pipeline in the shallow ocean zones. Based on the parametric study, it is concluded that the shear modulus and permeability of backfill soils significantly affect the wave-induced excess pore pressures around trenched pipeline, and that the effect of wave non-linearity becomes more pronounced and comparable with that of trench depth, especially at high wave steepness in shallow water.

发震断层的永久位移概率评估方法

基于Cornell地表地震动的概率方法,提出发震断层未来地震引起地表永久位移的概率分析方法,其中断层模型、地震发生模型、震级与破裂面的长度、宽度、地表位移之间关系的参数采用物探结果、震源运动学反演、历史地震资料、现场考察及测年确定。主要技术有2点:(1)概率分析场点地震动是场点周围断层所有潜在地震的贡献,而场点的地表永久位移仅是该断层的贡献;(2)场点所在断层发生的所有地震对场点的地震动均有贡献,而场点所在断层发生的少数地震才能对场点永久位移有贡献。应用提出的方法,结合海原断裂地震地质资料和地震活动性资料,给出2种特征地震模型下的不同概率水准的地震地表永久位移。发震断层不同概率水准下的地表永久位移评估为穿越断层的管线和桥梁工程提供基础数据,以便采取合理的抵抗永久地表位移措施,减小地震灾害带来的损失。

Frog skins keep redox homeostasis by antioxidant peptides with rapid radical scavenging ability

The question of how amphibians can protect themselves from reactive oxygen species when exposed to the sun in an oxygen-rich atmosphere is important and interesting, not only from an evolutionary viewpoint, but also as a primer for researchers interested in mammalian skin biology, in which such peptide systems for antioxidant defense are not well studied. The identification of an antioxidant peptide named antioxidin-RL from frog (Odorrana livida) skin in this report supports the idea that a peptide antioxidant system may be a widespread antioxidant strategy among amphibian skins. Its ability to eliminate most of the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical tested within 2 s, which is much faster than the commercial antioxidant factor butylated hydroxytoluene, suggests that it has a potentially large impact on redox homeostasis in amphibian skins. Cys10 is proven to be responsible for its rapid radical scavenging function and tyrosines take part in the binding of antioxidin-RL to radicals according to our nuclear magnetic resonance assay. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

High-field cyclotron resonance and electron-phonon interaction in modulation-doped multiple quantum well structures

A systematic study of electron cyclotron resonance (CR) in two sets of GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As modulation-doped quantum-well samples (well widths between 12 and 24 nm) has been carried out in magnetic fields up to 30 T. Polaron CR is the dominant transition in the region of GaAs optical phonons for the set of lightly doped samples, and the results are in good agreement with calculations that include the interaction with interface optical phonons. The results from the heavily doped set are markedly different. At low magnetic fields (below the GaAs reststrahlen region), all three samples exhibit almost identical CR which shows little effect of the polaron interaction due to screening and Pauli-principle effects. Above the GaAs LO-phonon region (B > similar to 23 T), the three samples behave very differently. For the most lightly doped sample (3 x 10(11) cm(-2)) only one transition minimum is observed, which can be explained as screened polaron CR. A sample of intermediate density (6 x 10(11) cm(-2)) shows two lines above 23 T; the higher frequency branch is indistinguishable from the positions of the single line of the low density sample. For the most heavily, doped sample (1.2 x 10(12) cm(-2)) there is no evidence of high frequency resonance, and the strong, single line observed is indistinguishable from the lower branch observed from sample with intermediate doping density. We suggest that the low frequency branch in our experiment is a magnetoplasmon resonance red-shifted by disorder, and the upper branch is single-particle-like screened polaron CR. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Resonant magnetopolaron effects in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well structures

A detailed experimental study of electron cyclotron resonance (CR) has been carried out at 4.2 K in three modulation-doped GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As multiple quantum well samples in fields up to 30 T. A strong avoided-level-crossing splitting of the CR energies due to resonant magnetopolaron effects is observed for all samples near the GaAs reststrahlen region. Resonant splittings in the region of AlAs-like interface phonon modes of the barriers are observed in two samples with narrower well width and smaller doping concentration. The interaction between electrons and the AlAs interface optical phonon modes has been calculated for our specific sample structures in the framework of the memory-function formalism. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which confirms our assignment of the observed splitting near the AlAs-like phonon region is due to the resonant magnetopolaron interaction of electrons in the wells with AlAs-like interface phonons. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

富碱侵入岩与金成矿关系:云南省姚安金矿床成矿流体形成演化的微量元素和同位素证据

以产在姚安富碱侵入岩体内外接触带上的姚安金矿床为对象,对成矿流体形成演化过程中的微量元素和S、C同位素地球化学进行了综合研究。研究结果表明,富碱侵入岩成岩过程中分异出的岩浆流体提供了姚安金矿床早期成矿作用所必需的成矿流体;从早期成矿阶段至晚期成矿阶段,成矿流体经历了从以岩浆流体为主的流体体系至以大气降水为主的流体体系的转变。因此,钙碱性侵入岩成岩过程中可分异出成矿流体的过程,也存在于富碱侵入岩的成岩过程中。

姚安金矿床成矿流体形成演化的稀土元素地球化学

姚安金矿床与富碱侵入岩体具有密切时空关系[1] 。本研究运用稀土元素地球化学示踪方法 ,探讨了富碱侵入岩与姚安金矿床之间可能的成因联系。1　地质背景我国滇西“三江”地区沿哀牢山—金沙江深大断裂及其附近 ,分布着一个总体呈这个北西走向的巨型富碱侵入岩带 ,带内分布着大量在第三纪时期的裂谷环境中由富集地幔部分熔融形成的富碱侵入体[1～ 4 ] 。姚安岩体属于这个富碱侵入岩带的一部分。姚安金矿床已探明金矿脉 19条 ,金品位为0 .4 5～ 2 9.95)ｇ/ｔ① 。矿区内的侵入体为姚安岩体 ,主要由正长斑岩和石英正长斑岩组成。矿体产于姚安岩体与侏罗系地层的内外接触带内。野外可见 ,姚安岩体形成后至金成矿前 ,区内再未有其它岩浆活动 ,这表明金成矿与姚安岩体具有密切的时空联系。矿区内出露的地层是侏罗系妥甸组 (Ｊ3ｔ)灰黑色粉砂质泥岩 ,姚安岩体呈岩株状侵位于妥甸组地层中。区内的骨架构造为北西向的断裂 ,矿体呈脉状、豆荚状产于主断裂旁侧的次级断裂破碎带中。根据矿脉的穿插关系、矿石的结构构造和矿物组合 ,姚安金矿床可分为两个主要成矿阶段。早期硫化物阶段(阶段Ｉ) :矿石为细脉浸染型 ,主要矿石矿物有黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方..