Steady Patterns of Microparticles Formed by Optical Tweezers

In this paper, we propose a method for forming steady patterns of microparticles in a dispersion using optical tweezers. We demonstrate how to control the congregation of particles in a dispersion and to manually fabricate a pattern, The steady pattern (nay be useful for in-depth research, and the method will have applications in biology and nanotechnology.

油田高含水期剩余油分布规律研究

After systemic investigation of the techniques，route lines and mechanisms about the remaining oil，the dynamic migration and congregation behavior of the remaining oil are discussed on base of interaction between flowing and enriching of water and oil.After the micro-scope modeling of the fluid flow in porous media and the changes in petrol-physical properties of the flowing system, the characters of fluid fields and the dynamic distribution of oil are discussed, among which the preference-flowing is focused on. Based on the preference-flowing in porous media, the concept of the preference-flowing channels is developed. According to above, heterogeneous distribution of water and oil in the field and dynamic mechanism of remaining oil are all obvious. media can be divided into three kinds, directional, stochastic, arbitrary porous media. The main research results are as following: 1. Treating the characteristic parameters such as permeability, porosity and wettability as regional parameter, the fluid field with high water-cut has been established by geostatistical method, among which the difference of flowing pores and the changes of its petrol-physical properties during flooding are studied. 2. The flow process of water and oil are recurrent in physical simulation experiments, in which the mechanisms and phenomena are caught and analyzed. Fluid flow mechanics in porous media with preference-flowing channels have been studied. 3. The mutual coupling between water and oil is induced and the mathematical evolution equations including this interaction were built. . 4. Through coupling effect between flowing water and oil, the dynamic migration and congregation behavior of remaining oil depend upon this coupling. 5. Coupling between water and oil act as driving force and trapping force for the remaining oil. The coupling model of thesis has been verified by simplified the numerical model and compared results with Ng35 oil reservoir in Gudao oil field, it has important theoretical and application values for improving precision of remaining oil and production performance prediction, and is a new method for studying the mechanics of remaining oil in channeled porous media has been established. Key words：flow field，high water-cut，coupling，dominant flow in porous media，remaining oil

骑田岭A型花岗岩成演过程中流体聚集及其对锡成矿的制约

以往研究表明锡成矿与S型花岗岩具有密切的成因联系。近年来随着大量与A型花岗岩有关的锡矿床的发现，有关锡成矿与A型花岗岩关系的研究成为地学界关注的热点。 芙蓉超大型锡多金属矿床位于我国著名的南岭钨锡多金属成矿带上，锡矿体位于骑田岭A型花岗岩体的内部或者岩体与围岩的内外接触带。成岩成矿年代学研究表明，成岩与成矿为前后相继的地质事件，具有密切的时空关系。本论文以与芙蓉超大型锡多金属矿床有密切时空关系的骑田岭A型花岗岩为研究对象，在详细野外地质调查的基础上，运用岩石学、矿物学、矿物化学、同位素地球化学、流体地球化学等学科的理论和方法，对骑田岭花岗岩的岩石学特征、岩石成因、成岩物理化学条件、岩浆分异的流体特征、挥发性组分特征以及成岩与成矿的关系等方面进行详细的分析，探讨骑田岭花岗岩成岩过程中流体聚集的机制及其对锡成矿的制约，初步揭示A型花岗岩与锡成矿之间的本质联系。本论文主要取得以下成果和认识： （1）通过对与锡矿有关的骑田岭花岗岩体的主量、微量、稀土元素、同位素和花岗岩中黑云母的微量、稀土元素分析研究发现：骑田岭角闪石黑云母花岗岩和黑云母花岗岩为高度分异演化的花岗岩，具有高硅、富铝、富碱、高钾的特征。随着岩体分异演化程度的增加，花岗岩总体向富硅、富碱的方向演化。岩体轻重稀土分异明显，表现为右倾型模式，Eu负异常明显，表现为中等-强烈的负Eu异常。岩体明显富集Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素及Zr、Hf等高场强元素，而亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti。骑田岭花岗岩两个阶段岩石有着相似的Sr、Nd同位素特征，揭示其具有相同的物质来源，是同源岩浆演化的产物，为具壳幔混合特征的A2型花岗岩。 （2）对骑田岭花岗岩体矿物学和矿物化学特征、全岩Sn含量分析研究发现：角闪石黑云母花岗岩的结晶温度为774~796℃，氧逸度（logfO2）为-15.30~-15.0。黑云母花岗岩的结晶温度为714~784℃，氧逸度（logfO2）为-17.5~-20.0。随着岩浆的演化，从角闪石黑云母花岗岩到黑云母花岗岩随着结晶温度的降低，氧逸度也随之减小。随着岩浆的演化，岩体中Cl含量不断的减少，而F含量有所增加，Cl趋向分配进入流体相。随着岩浆分异演化程度的增加，岩体成岩温度降低，氧逸度减小，岩体中Sn含量不断的减少，Sn趋向分配进入富Cl流体，表明岩浆演化过程中分异出富Cl、富Sn的流体。 （3）骑田岭花岗岩石英斑晶中的包裹体研究表明：骑田岭角闪石黑云母花岗岩和黑云母花岗岩在岩浆演化过程中经历了两个阶段，即岩浆阶段和岩浆-热液阶段，分别以出现熔融包裹体、流体-熔融包裹体为特征，其中流体-熔融包裹体的出现是岩浆分异流体的直接证据。结合矿物的结构、构造特征，研究发现骑田岭花岗岩浆演化过程分异出流体。骑田岭花岗岩原生流体包裹体地球化学研究表明，岩浆分异出的流体为H2O-CO2-NaCl-KCl-CaCl2不混溶体系，具有盐度高（32.98~52.04Wt%NaCleq.），密度低（0.27~0.95g/cm3），均一温度较高（190~ 494℃）的特征，压力为600~800bar，成岩过程中发生了沸腾现象。 （4）对芙蓉超大型锡矿床和骑田岭花岗岩研究表明，锡矿与花岗岩有着密切的时间、空间和成因联系。矿体产在花岗岩体内部或者岩体与围岩的接触带，成岩与成矿时限一致，随着岩浆分异演化程度的增加，岩体成岩温度降低，氧逸度降低，岩体中的挥发性组分Cl含量减小，而F含量增加，Cl趋向分配进入流体相，这种流体萃取熔体中的成矿元素Sn，并以氯络合物形式迁移。可以认为，随着岩浆的演化，骑田岭花岗岩岩浆结晶期后分异出的热液流体具有富Cl和Sn的特征。芙蓉超大型锡多金属矿床的成矿流体应主要来源于黑云母花岗岩岩浆结晶期后分异出的岩浆热液。