The role of MC1R gene in buffalo coat color

Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) plays a major role in pigmentation in many species. To investigate if the MC1R gene is associated with coat color in water buffalo, the coding region of MC1R gene of 216 buffalo samples was sequenced, which included 49 black river buffalo (Murrah and Nili-Ravi), 136 swamp buffalo (Dehong, Diandongnan, Dechang, Guizhou, and Xilin) with white and gray body, and 31 hybrid offspring of river buffalo Nili-Ravi (or Murrah) and swamp buffalo. Among the three variation sites found, SNP684 was synonymous, while SNP310 and SNP384 were nonsynonymous, leading to p.S104G and p.I128M changes, respectively. Only Individuals carrying homozygote E-BR/E-BR were black. The genotype and phenotype analysis of the hybrid offspring of black river buffalo and gray swamp buffalo further revealed that the river buffalo type allele E-BR or the allele carrying the amino acid p.104S was important for the full function of MC1R. The in silico functional analysis showed that the amino acid substitutions p.G104S and p.M128I had significant impact on the function of MC1R. Above results indicate that the allele E-BR or the allele carrying the amino acid p.104S was associated with the black coat color in buffalo.

Sequence Characterization of the MC1R Gene in Yak (Poephagus grunniens) Breeds with Different Coat Colors

Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene plays a key role in determining coat color in several species, including the cattle. However, up to now there is no report regarding the MC1R gene and the potential association of its mutations with coat colors in yak (

Gene mapping of a new coat mutation in mouse

Gene mapping of a mouse coat mutation has been investigated. First, 100 10-bp random primers were used to amplify DNA, but the mutation could not be located by this method because there were no correlation between the amplified products and coat phenotypes. Second, by using Idh1, Car2, Mup1, Pgb1, Hbb, Es10, Es1, Mod1, Gdc1, Ce2, Es3 as genetic markers, linkage test crosses (two-point test) consisting of intercrossing uncovered BALB/c mice (homozygotes) to CBA/N and C57BL/6 mice with normal hair and backcrossing the heterozygotes of the F1 to the uncovered BALB/c mice were made. It was soon evident that the mutation was linked to Es3 on chromosome 11. Furthermore, three-point test was made by using Es3 and D11Mit8 (a microsatellite DNA) as genetic markers. The result showed that the mutation was linked to Es3 with the percentage recombination of (7.89 +/- 2.19)%, and linked to D11Mit8 with the percentage recombination of (26.38 +/- 3.57)%. The percentage recombination between Es3 and D11Mit8 was (32.90 +/- 3.81)%. The mutation was named Uncovered, with the symbol Uncv. According to the recombinations, the loci order was D11Mit8-26.30 +/- 3.57- Uncv-7.89 +/- 2.19-Es3. From the location on the chromosome, it was concluded that the mutation was a new mutation which affected the skin and hair structure of mouse. The Uncv has entered MGD (Mouse Genome Database).

Preliminary Investigations on Low-Pressure Laminar Plasma Spray Processing

The usual plasma spraying methods often involve entrainment of the surrounding air into the turbulent plasma core and result in coated materials having relatively high porosity and low adhesive strength. Therefore, exploration of new plasma spraying methods for fabricating high quality coatings to meet the requirement of special applications will be quite important. In this study, an alternative plasma spraying method, i.e. the low-pressure laminar plasma spraying process, is investigated and used in an attempt for spraying thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Investigations on the characteristics of the laminar plasma jets, feeding methods for the ceramic powder and the formation process of the individual quenched splats have been carried out. The properties of the TBCs sprayed by laminar plasma jet process, such as the adhesive strength at the interface of the ceramic coating/bond coat, the surface roughness and microstructure, are examined by tensile tests and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations.

Small scale, grain size and substrate effects in nano-indentation experiment of film-substrate systems

The mechanical properties of film-substrate systems have been investigated through nano-indentation experiments in our former paper (Chen, S.H., Liu, L., Wang, T.C., 2005. Investigation of the mechanical properties of thin films by nano-indentation, considering the effects of thickness and different coating-substrate combinations. Surf. Coat. Technol., 191, 25-32), in which Al-Glass with three different film thicknesses are adopted and it is found that the relation between the hardness H and normalized indentation depth h/t, where t denotes the film thickness, exhibits three different regimes: (i) the hardness decreases obviously with increasing indentation depth; (ii) then, the hardness keeps an almost constant value in the range of 0.1-0.7 of the normalized indentation depth h/t; (iii) after that, the hardness increases with increasing indentation depth. In this paper, the indentation image is further investigated and finite element method is used to analyze the nano-indentation phenomena with both classical plasticity and strain gradient plasticity theories. Not only the case with an ideal sharp indenter tip but also that with a round one is considered in both theories. Finally, we find that the classical plasticity theory can not predict the experimental results, even considering the indenter tip curvature. However, the strain gradient plasticity theory can describe the experimental data very well not only at a shallow indentation depth but also at a deep depth. Strain gradient and substrate effects are proved to coexist in film-substrate nano-indentation experiments. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Reflection of shock-wave in pur foam from rigid wall

Keller proposed that a building, a mechanical installation or a body wrapped bya layer of foam plastics may be an efficient means for protection from damage ofblast wave. However, the practical effect was beyond expectation. For example, agunner wearing the foam plastics-padded waistcoat was injured more seriously by theblast wave from a muzzle. Monti took the foam plastics as homogeneous two-phasemedium and analyzed it with the theory of dusty flow. The obtained results showthat the peak pressure behind the reflected shock wave from rigid wall with foamcoat exceeds obviously that without foam coat under the same condition. Gel'fand,Patz and Weaver made experimental observations by means of shock tubes and veri-

Low loss waveguide in Nd3+-doped silicate glass fabricated by carbon ion implantation

Low loss index enhanced planar waveguides in Nd3+-doped silicate glass were fabricated by 3.0 MeV C+ ion implantation. The enhancement of the refractive index confined the light propagating in the waveguide. The prism-coupling method was used to measure dark modes in the waveguide. The effective refractive indices of the waveguide were obtained based on the dark modes. The moving fiber method was applied to measure the waveguide propagation loss. Loss measured in non-annealed samples is about 0.6 dB/cm. And the waveguide mode optical near-field output at 633 nm was presented. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

中国郁金香属(广义)的系统学研究

郁金香属（Tulipa L.）是世界著名的观赏植物，广泛分布于欧洲、亚洲的温带地区以及非洲的西北部，中亚地区是其分布和多样化中心。该属包括老鸦瓣组、长柱组、郁金香组、毛蕊组、扭药组、鸡冠组和无毛组共七个组，40至150种。老鸦瓣组是东亚特有类群。中国共有郁金香属植物16种，主要分布于西北（新疆）以及中东部地区，其中老鸦瓣组有4个种，占该组全部种类的4/5。长期以来，由于对老鸦瓣组的生物学特性及其地理分布缺乏了解，该类群的归属问题一直都是该属系统学研究中争论的焦点之一。因此，本文以分布于我国的郁金香属作为主要研究对象，通过对其形态学、胚囊发育的比较胚胎学以及分子系统学研究，对老鸦瓣组的系统位置以及上述特征在该属分类中的意义进行了探讨。主要结果如下 1)通过对该属18种植物（包括土耳其的3个种）28个形态性状数据的分支分析，表明广义郁金香属并不是一个单系类群。Tulipa sect. Amana与该属其他四个组（sect. Orithyia、sect. Eriostemones、sect. Leiostemones和sect. Tulipanum）在分支树上各成一支，它们与Lloydia属构成一个大支的三个分支。同时，sect. Amana具有与子房近等长的花柱以及2-3（-4）个苞片等与郁金香属不同的形态特征。因此，我们认为sect. Amana应从广义郁金香属中独立出来，恢复其老鸦瓣属Amana Honda作为属的分类地位。 2)发现了一个新种：Amana kuocangshanica D.Y. Tan et D. Y. Hong。该种与A. erythronioides 和A. anhuiensis近缘，区别在于鳞茎皮内侧光滑无毛，下部叶披针形，自基部向上2/3处最宽，果喙长0.64±0.08 cm。 3）对16种植物叶表皮形态观察的结果表明，老鸦瓣属4个种的叶上表皮细胞为矩形或矩圆形、下表皮为菱形或矩形，垂周壁为直线形或波形，上表皮无气孔或气孔密度较小，这些特征与狭义郁金香属的种差异显著。在狭义郁金香属中，叶表皮特征在种间差异明显，可以作为分种及种间亲缘关系探讨的依据，但在组间没有明显的差异。 4）对19种植物的花粉形态观察表明，Amana属的4种为近椭球形、舟形和肾形， 外壁纹饰网状，网脊浅皱波状，与狭义郁金香属的15种具明显不同。在狭义郁金香属中，花粉外壁纹饰虽然在种间存在一定程度的差异，但对组的划分意义不大。 5）从种皮形态及微形态特征看，在所观察的16种植物中，Amana属的种子小，呈半月形，较厚，种柄明显，胚不易见;种皮纹饰为皱波状或不规则，与狭义郁金香属存在显著的差异。狭义郁金香属的12种在种皮纹饰、网眼大小及形状、网脊宽窄等方面均存在明显的差异，但组间无明显差别，说明这些特征在种的划分上具有一定的分类学意义。 6）对16种植物的胚囊发育过程观察表明：共有6种胚囊发育类型，即Fritillaria type、Drusa type、Tulipa iliensis type、Tulipa tetraphylla type、 Adoxa type和Eriostemones type。其中Tulipa iliensis type为所发现的一种新的胚囊发育类型。Tulipa iliensis、T. heterophylla和T. heteropetala3个种具有两种胚囊类型。在郁金香属中，胚囊的发育类型具有一定的系统学意义。 7）通过对21种郁金香以及猪牙花属2种植物基于nrDNA ITS区和cpDNA trnL-F 区的序列分析，发现广义郁金香属并非一单系类群，老鸦瓣属为猪牙花属的姐妹群。在狭义郁金香属中，sect. Orithyia、sect. Tulipanum以及sect. Eriostemones得到了该分子系统学分析的支持，而sect. Leiostemones是否成立及其系统关系问题尚有待于进一步研究。

葛属(豆科)的分类学修订

本论文对葛属（Pueraria DC.）进行了形态学、解剖学及植物地理学研究，重点分析了小叶、托叶、花序及花的形态变异规律。首次发现葛属生长习性和种皮纹饰特征在组的划分上具有重要的分类学意义，支持前人运用托叶着生方式、花序类型及每节簇生花的数目等特征划分组的观点。首次在光学显微镜下对葛属植物14种1变种叶表皮性状做了较为全面、深入的观察，发现葛属叶表皮细胞的形状、垂周壁的式样以及气孔大小有一定分类学意义，为葛属的分类修订提供了新资料。首次应用电子扫描显微镜观察了葛属10种1变种和2个外类群广西土黄芪Nogra guangxiensis C. F. Wei和琼豆Teyleria koordersii (Backer ex Koord.-Schum.) Backer的种皮纹饰特征，发现葛属的种皮纹饰有网纹型、断棱型、复网纹型和锐棱型等4种类型，他们与托叶的着生方式具有一定的关联性。托叶背着的类群为网纹型，其中采自中国和越南不同居群的山野葛Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr.种皮次级纹饰有差别，这显示山野葛分化比较活跃。托叶基着的三裂叶野葛P. phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth.、大花三裂叶野葛P. phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth. var. javanica (Benth.) Baker、苦葛P. peduncularis (Graham ex Benth.) Benth.以及云南野葛P. yunnanensis Franch.的种皮纹饰为断棱形，小花野葛P. stricta Kurz种皮纹饰为复网纹型，喜玛拉雅葛藤P. wallichii DC.种皮纹饰为锐棱型。依据种皮纹饰推断，喜玛拉雅葛藤最原始，黄毛葛藤P. calycina Franch.最进化，与形态学特征演化方向相吻合。广西土黄芪种皮纹饰为网纹型，琼豆种皮纹饰为复网纹型，表明它们与葛属亲缘关系较近。这与形态学和分子证据相吻合。本文首次运用广义线形模型（GLM）结合地理信息系统（GIS）对葛属现有地理分布、潜在分布及50年后潜在分布进行了分析。所预测的潜在分布范围与观察到的地理分布范围一致，说明对特化的气候忍耐性是限制葛属物种地理分布的主要因素。温度、降水和海拔高度对葛属地理分布限制作用比较大。未来潜在分布预测显示葛属有向南、北扩散的趋势。 作者在研究了四千余份腊叶标本及野外形态考察的基础上，结合叶表皮及种皮纹饰资料，确认葛属分为3组，共19种3变种。其中，对Sect. Breviramulae Maesen ex Z. F. Le & X. Y. Zhu进行了合格发表，运用形态学、解剖学及种皮纹饰资料恢复了云南野葛种的地位，并为其指定了后选模式，P. pulcherrima (Koord.-Schum.) Merr. ex Koord.-Schum.正确的学名为P. sericans Schum.，对4个名称进行了归并。本文还给出了组和种的检索表、葛属各个种的形态描述、地理分布图及模式标本照片。

Ultrastructure of the bloodstream forms of the fish trypanosome Trypanosoma pseudobagri dogiel et achmerov, 1959

The ultrastructure of the bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma pseudobagri from its natural host, yellow catfish (Pseudobagrus fulvidraco), a freshwater fish, is described in the present work. The pellicle, consisting of a unit membrane with a superimposed surface coat, the structure and attachment of the flagellum and the subpellicular microtubules show the usual structural and organizational features. Cell organelles and cytoplasmic inclusions such as kinetoplast, mitochondria, nucleus and vacuoles, which occur in trypanosomidae, are observed and described in detail. The ultrastructure of T. pseudobagri has been compared with that of bloodstream forms of other species and culture forms of fish trypanosomes, and similarities and divergences are discussed. The Golgi-complex and endoplasmic reticulum could not be observed and need further investigation.

微生物对抗菌肽耐受的诱导及耐受机理初步研究

抗菌肽是一类具有强大杀菌能力的肽类分子，同时还具有离子调节、免疫调节、蛋白酶抑制剂和自由基清除等其他生物活性。现已鉴定的抗菌肽超过1,200 种，几乎存在于所有生物种类中。在抗生素耐受严重的今天，抗菌肽极有潜力成为新型的有效抗菌药物，许多抗菌肽已进入临床前研究或临床研究。在本论文中，我们选择了无指盘臭蛙（Odorrana grahami）来源的三种抗菌肽（Brevinin 2E-OG1、Nigrocin-OG4 和Palustrin-OG1），单独或组合使用，以藤黄微球菌（Micrococcus luteus）、枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）和白假丝酵母菌（Candida albicans）为研究对象，进行微生物对抗菌肽耐受性的实验诱导；并通过检测胞外蛋白酶活性、蛋白质组学等方法对微生物耐受抗菌肽机制进行初步的研究。将微生物培养于含有低浓度抗菌肽（单独使用或组合使用）培养基中，每日转接一次，每十次酌情提高抗菌肽浓度。80 次转接后，除藤黄微球菌未对 Palustrin-OG1 产生耐受外，其余所有的实验菌株均表现出对所用三种抗菌肽的耐受。但是Palustrin-OG1 与Brevinin 2E-OG1 或Nigrocin-OG4 联合使用能在一定程度上降低耐受性。将诱导后细菌于不含抗菌肽条件下培养，转接5 次后，对耐受现象无影响，说明这种耐受是可以稳定遗传的。抗菌肽耐受机制之一是分泌蛋白酶水解胞外抗菌肽，我们通过两种方式检测胞外蛋白酶活性，一种是检测发酵液的酪蛋白水解活性，另一种是检测发酵液处理抗菌肽后对抗菌活性的影响。结果发现枯草芽孢杆菌和藤黄微球菌发酵液存在着蛋白酶活性，推测胞外蛋白酶可能与二者对抗菌肽的耐受有关；而白假丝酵母菌发酵液中未检测到蛋白酶活性。另外，我们还通过蛋白质组学的手段对枯草芽孢杆菌耐受机制进行了初步的研究，鉴定了5 个差异表达的蛋白，表达上调的蛋白有yraA（功能未知）、Tpx （巯基过氧化物酶，Thiol peroxidase）、pdhD（二氢硫辛酰胺脱氢酶，dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase），表达下调的有cotN/TasA（芽孢膜相关蛋白，spore coat-associated protein）和gapA（三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶，Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 ，GAPDH）。yraA 和Tpx 都由Spx 调控，yraA 可以水解小肽增加自由氨基酸，而自由氨基酸增多时gapA、tasA 表达水平会下降，Spx 是由sigma-M 因子调控的，所以我们推测sigma-M 因子在B. subtiis 对抗菌肽耐受中起到了重要的作用。总之，本研究发现抗菌肽的联合作用会减缓微生物对其耐受的程度，为抗菌肽类药物研发提供了一种新思路；同时对抗菌肽耐受机制的初步研究也为今后的深入研究打下了基础。另外，我们还设计了一种新型的抗菌肽系统命名方法，并构建了昆明动物研究所抗菌肽数据库。

High-Power and High-Efficiency 650nm-Band AlGaInP Visible Laser Diodes Fabricated by Ion Beam Etching

High power and high-slope efficiency 650nm band real-refractive-index ridge waveguide AlGaInP laser diodes with compressive strained MQW active layer are formed by pure Ar ion beam etching process.Symmetric laser mesas with high perpendicularity,which are impossible to obtain by traditional wet etching method due to the use of a 15°-misoriented substrate,are obtained by this dry etching method.Laser diodes with 4μm wide,600μm long and 10%/90% coat are fabricated.The typical threshold current of these devices is 46mA at room temperature,and a stable fundamental-mode operation over 40mW is obtained.Very high slope efficiency of 1.4W/A at 10mW and 1.1W/A at 40mW are realized.

Interface delamination of the thermal barrier coating subjected to local heating

To investigate the possible failure modes of the thermal barrier coating (TBC) used to protect the scramjet combustion chamber, the local heating via laser beam irradiation was utilized to simulate the service condition of high thermal flux and high temperature gradient. Firstly, the experimental method and process were described and the typical fracture morphology of the TBC under test were provided. Then, the theoretical and finite element modeling were carried out to study the temperature, deformation and stresses of the specimen when the top ceramic coat was subjected to local heating, and to demonstrate the mechanism on the failure of the TBC. It is revealed that the interface delamination shall appear and ultimately lead to the failure of the TBC under such thermal loading of local quick heating. According to the outcome of this study, the driving force of the interface delamination is influenced greatly by the key structural parameters and performance matching. Moreover, by utilizing the rules of the effects of these parameters on the fracture driving force, there is some possibility for the designer to optimize the performances of the TBC.

岷江干旱河谷三种蔷薇植物繁殖更新研究

繁殖更新是植物生活史的重要阶段，在退化生态系统中，植物繁殖更新能力往往较差，是植被恢复的限制环节，因而也成为恢复研究重点和核心。本研究选择岷江干旱河谷广泛分布的三种蔷薇：多苞蔷薇（R. multibracteata）、黄蔷薇（R. hugonis）和川滇蔷薇（R. soulieana）为研究对象，通过野外调查，在查明其生长、繁殖更新状况的基础上，采用控制和模拟实验，对种子和幼苗阶段进行了深入研究，综合分析更新潜力，并提出相对应的促进更新和植被恢复措施。主要结论如下： 1）三种蔷薇在岷江干旱河谷广泛分布，生长和繁殖状况良好，结实量大。各生长指标：株高、基径和冠幅，繁殖指标：结实数量、重量和单果重量都具有显著的空间差异性。基径对多苞蔷薇结实量影响最大；而冠幅对黄蔷薇结实量影响最大。海拔和纬度是对蔷薇生长和繁殖影响最大的环境因素，随着海拔和纬度的升高，植株生长更高大，结实量增加；坡度和坡向对其生长和繁殖也有一定影响，随着坡度 和坡向增加，蔷薇生长和结实受到抑制。 2）三种蔷薇在岷江干旱河谷更新现状不佳, 但更新潜力大。活力种子比率低，动物取食以及两年生幼苗的大量死亡是蔷薇更新的主要限制因素。多苞蔷薇和黄蔷薇的结实率低，川滇蔷薇较高。三种蔷薇种子产量大，但种子质量较差，更新具有充足的种源。三种蔷薇都能形成持久种子库，种子库中种子总量大，但有效种子少，黄蔷薇被动物啃食的比例很高，多苞蔷薇和川滇蔷薇也有一部分种子受到动物破坏。三种蔷薇幼苗库组成特征表现为，当年生幼苗所占比例很高，年龄较大幼苗所占比例小。 3）三种蔷薇都具有不同程度休眠，未经处理种子的发芽率极低。黄蔷薇休眠程度最深，为深度生理休眠；多苞蔷薇为中度生理休眠；川滇蔷薇为非深度生理休眠。三种蔷薇种子在形态上发育成熟，种皮具有透水性。蔷薇果果肉和瘦果中含有抑制物质，其浸泡液抑制了油菜种子萌发，果肉抑制作用更强，果肉和瘦果浸泡液的抑制程度分别为：川滇蔷薇>黄蔷薇>多苞蔷薇。切割和硫酸腐蚀提高了川滇蔷薇种子的发芽能力，而对多苞蔷薇和黄蔷薇没有影响。完全去除瘦果果皮和种皮提高了多苞蔷薇种子发芽率，但对黄蔷薇没有影响。赤霉素和烟水对蔷薇种子萌发没有促进作用。三种蔷薇打破休眠所需低温层积时间分别为：黄蔷薇>多苞蔷薇>川滇蔷薇。对于多苞蔷薇和川滇蔷薇，层积前对种子进行硫酸腐蚀或暖温层积能缩短低温层积时间，提高发芽率。对于多苞蔷薇，变温层积中暖温层积和低温层积具有一定的负补性，即延长暖温层积可以缩短种子萌发对低温层积的需要。 4）多苞蔷薇种子形态特征和种子休眠与萌发在不同海拔梯度间存在较大差异。种子采集时间、采集季节和干藏影响多苞蔷薇和川滇蔷薇的种子休眠。多苞蔷薇果实大小、种子大小和千粒重、种皮厚度随海拔升高而增加，而种子饱满率和活力随海拔升高而降低，种子休眠程度也随海拔升高而增加。种皮厚度与种子大小、千粒重成正相关关系，硫酸腐蚀后的种子经过不同时间的低温层积后，种子发芽率与种皮厚度、种子大小、千粒重、海拔成正相关关系。2006 年采集川滇蔷薇和多苞蔷薇种子休眠程度较2005 年低。种子休眠随种子年龄增加而减弱。高温和干旱能减轻多苞蔷薇和川滇蔷薇种子休眠。 5）三种蔷薇的生长和生物量积累在干旱胁迫条件下受到抑制，而生物量分配、叶片形态特征和水分利用特征等都发生了变化。三种蔷薇的根、茎、叶各器官生物量以及总生物量等在干旱胁迫下明显减小，叶片脱落数量增加。在干旱胁迫条件下，较多的生物量分配到地下部分，从而这使R/S 明显增加。比叶面积（SLA）和冠层面积比（LAR）对干旱胁迫的反应不敏感，仅有部分物种在干旱胁迫条件下发生了变化，并且其变化特点在不同年龄幼苗之间有一定差异。干旱胁迫对WUE 的影响在不同物种间存在差异。多苞蔷薇和黄蔷薇的WUE 随着干旱胁迫的增加而增大， 而川滇蔷薇的WUE 则随干旱胁迫增加而减小。在干旱胁迫条件下，多苞蔷薇和黄蔷薇叶片脱落量和生物量减小幅度较川滇蔷薇大，表明其抗旱能力较强。在干旱胁迫条件，三种蔷薇两年生幼苗的生物量减小幅度较当年生幼苗小，表明两年生幼苗的抗旱能力更强。 6）两种植被恢复措施中，幼苗移栽比播种具有更好的植被恢复效果。播种后，蔷薇种子的发芽率较高，但出苗率都很低，即使出苗，幼苗也几乎在一月内全部死亡。 三种微生境条件下（灌木、半灌木和裸地），种子出苗和幼苗成活没有差异。移栽幼苗总体死亡率都比较低，小于20％。特别是两年生幼苗死亡率更低，小于2％。移栽后的幼苗生长状况良好，在整个生长季中，各生长指标不断增加。生境对幼苗的存活率没有显著影响，但对于幼苗的生长和生物量积累有一定影响，裸地更有利于幼苗生长和生物量积累。与当年生幼苗相比，两年生幼苗具有更高的成活率。总之，三种蔷薇在干旱河谷分布广泛、生长繁殖状况良好，结实量大，具有丰富种源，繁殖更新潜力大，但繁殖更新状况不佳；种子散布后动物对种子的取食、种子的深度休眠过程、种子出苗以及当年生幼苗的存活和定居是更新的主要限制环节。水分是影响结实、种子休眠解除和萌发，幼苗存活和定居的最主要的限制因素。在植被恢复中，应在种子成熟季节大量采集种子，在室内打破休眠后进行人工播种，培育两年生幼苗，通过幼苗移栽方式进行植被恢复。川滇蔷薇应栽种在相对湿润的过渡区，而多苞蔷薇和黄蔷薇可以应用于核心区植被恢复。 Regeneration is an important phase in plant life cycle. It has been a key component of ecological restoration in degradation ecosystem in which plants commonly has poor regeneration. In this paper, we investigated the natural growth, propagation and regeneration status of native three rose species, Rosa multibracteata, R. hugonis and R. soulieana, and analysis the limitation in seed germination and seedling establishment stages. Advice on facilitating the use of these plants in restoration based on the results has been proposed. The results were as follows: 1) Three rose plants widely distributed in the dry valley of the Minjiang River, and made a good performance in growth and propagation. There were significant spatial differences in each growth parameter, such as ramet height, basal diameter, crown diameter and propagation parameters including hip number of a clump, hip mass of a clump and a hip mass. Basa diameter was the most important growth parameter influencing fruit number for R. multibracteata and crown diameter was for R. hugoni. Altitude and latitude had the greatest effect on the growth and propagation of rose plants among environmental conditions. Each parameter of growth and propagation increased with the increase of altitude and latitude. In addition, the increase of slope and aspect limited the growth and propagation. 2) Three rose plants had poor natural regeneration, but great regeneration potential. Low seed viability, predation and higher mortality of current year old seedlings were the limitation in regeneration. R. multibracteata and R. hugonis had higher fruiting rates than R. souliean. All three plants produced a great number of seeds, while their viability was poor. Three rose plants had persistent seed banks, with high total seed number but very low viable seed density. Predation was most severe in R. hugonis, and it also existed to some degree in R. multibracteata and R. soulieana. The seedling age-structure was characteristic of current-year seedlings predominating and few older seedlings were observed. 3) Three rose seeds were dormant and untreated seeds germinated with very low germination percentages. The rose seeds had morphological mature embryos, and achenes were permeable. Some inhabit substances existed in hips and achenes for the extracts of hips and achenes inhibited germination of Brassica campestris. The inhibition effect of the extracts of three rose hip and achenes was R. soulieana>R. hugonis>R. multibracteata. Mechanical and H2SO4 scarification increased R. soulieana germination but had no effect on germination of R. hugonis and R. multibracteata seeds. Full removal of pericarp and testa improved the germination of R. multibracteata but did not affect R. hugonis germination. GA3 and smoke water had no positive effect on rose seed germination. The periods of cold stratification required to released seed dormancy was R. hugonis > R. soulieana >R. multibracteata. H2SO4 scarification and warm stratification shortened cold stratification to release dormancy for R. soulieana and R. multibracteata. Warm stratification had complementary effect for cold stratification, i.e. the longer warm stratification seeds received, the shorter cold stratification were required to obtain the same germination percentage. Three rose seeds had different kinds of dormancy; R. hugonis has deep physiological dormancy, R. multibracteata with intermediate physiological dormancy and R. souliean non-deep physiological dormancy. 4）The seeds traits and dormancy of R. multibracteata showed significant difference across altitudes. Year and season of seed collection had significant effect on seed dormancy for both R. souliean and R. multibracteata. Hip size, seed size, seed weight, seed coat thickness and seed dormancy level increased with the increase of the altitude. There were positive relations between seed coat thickness with seed size and seed weight. Germination percentage of seeds treated with H2SO4 scarification following different periods of cold stratification showed positive relation with seed coat thickness, seed size, seed weight and altitude. Seeds of R. souliean and R. multibracteata collected in 2006 had low dormancy level than those collected in 2005. Seed dormancy decreased with increasing seeds age. High temperature and drought were associated with low dormancy level. 5) Seedling growth, the total dry mass and their components of seedlings were reduced, while leaf senescence accelerated under drought stress. More biomass allocation to root system resulted in higher R/S ratio under drought. Water-use efficiency (WUE) of R. multibracteata and R. hugonis increased, while it declined for R. soulieana under drought stress. R. soulieana seedlings had poor drought-resistance capacity it had more senescent leaves, and its reduction of biomass was stronger than two other rose plants under drought. The reduction degree of one year old seedlings under drought stress was slighter than that of current year seedlings. Therefore, one year old seedling was more drought-resistent compared to current year seedlings. 6）Planting seedlings may have better effect in comparison with direct seeding. Most seeds germinated after seeding, but seedling emergence was very low. More than 80 % seedlings from direct seeding died within a months after emergence. Seedling emergence and survival rate did not show difference among microhabitats. Mortality rates of seedlings artificially planted in microhabitats were general lower than 20 %, and the mortality rate of one year old seedlings was lower than 2 %. Each grow parameter including plant height, leaf number and branch number continually increased after planting. Microhabitat type had effect on the growth parameter and biomass production, but it did not influence the seedling survival. Bare land tended to facilitate seedling growth. One year old seedlings had higher survival rate than current year seedlings. In conculsion, the three rose had wide distribution in the dry valley of the Minjiang River. They produced many seeds and had tolerance to drought stress to some degree. But they had poor regeneration in habitats may be caused by predation, seed dormancy，and high mortality in current year seedlings. We recommend that rose plants should be utilized in restoration by planting two-year old seedlings in spring. A large quantity of seeds should be collected artificially in autumn, release seed dormancy in room, and then cultivate two-year old seedlings by seeding in particular container. R. soulieana seedling probably be planted in transition area, and R. multibracteata and R. hugonis can be used in core area of the dry valley of the Minjiang River.