Degenerated optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification with cesium lithium borate

A gain amplifier for degenerated optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA) with lithium triborate and cesium lithium borate (CLBO) crystals was demonstrated in a near-collinear configuration, The signal gain of the final energy amplifier with CLBO was similar to 6. After compression, the 123 fs pulse duration was obtained. Compared with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, it is confirmed that CLBO is more effective as a nonlinear crystal in a final power amplifier for terawatt or petawatt OPCPA systems. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of OPCPA with CLBO. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America.

Cesium hydroxide doped tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum as an effective electron injection layer in inverted bottom-emission organic light emitting diodes

We demonstrate highly efficient inverted bottom-emission organic light-emitting diodes (IBOLEDs) by using cesium hydroxide (CsOH) doped tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq(3)) as the electron injection layer on indium tin oxide cathode, which could significantly enhance the electron injection, resulting in a large increase in luminance and efficiency. The maximum luminance, current efficiency, and power efficiency reach 21 000 cd/cm(2), 6.5 cd/A, and 3.5 lm/W, respectively, which are 40%-50% higher in efficiency than that of IBOLEDs with cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) doped Alq(3) as the electron injection layer, where the efficiencies are only 4.5 cd/A and 2.2 lm/W.

Origin of improvement in device performance via the modification role of cesium hydroxide doped tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum interfacial layer on ITO cathode in inverted bottom-emission organic light-emitting diodes

It has been found that cesium hydroxide (CsOH) doped tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq(3)) as an interfacial modification layer on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) is an effective cathode structure in inverted bottom-emission organic light-emitting diodes (IBOLEDs). The efficiency and high temperature stability of IBOLEDs with CsOH:Alq(3) interfacial layer are greatly improved with respect to the IBOLEDs with the case of Cs2CO3:Alq(3). Herein, we have studied the origin of the improvement in efficiency and high temperature stability via the modification role of CsOH:Alq(3) interfacial layer on ITO cathode in IBOLEDs by various characterization methods, including atomic force microscopy (AFM), ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and capacitance versus voltage (C-V). The results clearly demonstrate that the CsOH:Alq(3) interfacial modification layer on ITO cathode not only enhances the stability of the cathode interface and electron-transporting layer above it. which are in favor of the improvement in device stability, but also reduces the electron injection barrier and increases the carrier density for current conduction, leading to higher efficiency.

Transient population and polarization gratings induced by (1+1)-dimensional ultrashort dipole soliton

An ultrafast transient population grating induced by a (1+1)-dimensional, ultrashort dipole soliton is demonstrated by solving the full-wave Maxwell-Bloch equations. The number of lines and the period of the grating can be controlled by the beam waist and the area of the pulse. Of interest is that a polarization grating is produced. A coherent control scheme based on these phenomena can be contemplated as ultrafast transient grating techniques.

拉曼喷泉原子钟

利用拉曼光场代替喷泉原子钟的微波腔实现拉曼喷泉原子钟。将分离拉曼光场技术与冷原子喷泉技术相结合,避免了在真空腔内放置微波腔,简化了真空系统,同时还保持了很高的准确度。采用半经典理论研究了冷原子喷泉与拉曼光场的相互作用过程,得到了冉赛(Ramsey)条纹。比较了拉曼喷泉原子钟与热铯束拉曼原子钟,前者有更小的体积和功耗,其精度可能达到或超过商用小铯钟。还比较了拉曼喷泉原子钟与微波喷泉原子钟的差别,分析了光子反冲的影响,提出利用同向传播和相向传播的两台拉曼原子钟测量精细结构常数。

Nonlinear spectroscopy of cold atoms in diffuse laser light

The nonlinear spectroscopy of cold atoms in the diffuse laser cooling system is studied in this paper. We present the theoretical models of the recoil-induced resonances (RIR) and the electromagnetically-induced absorption (EIA) of cold atoms in diffuse laser light, and show their signals in an experiment of cooling Rb-87 atomic vapor in an integrating sphere. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental ones when the light intensity distribution in the integrating sphere is considered. The differences between nonlinear spectra of cold atoms in the diffuse laser light and in the optical molasses are also discussed. (c) 2009 Optical Society of America

Stability and photoemission characteristics for GaAs photocathodes in a demountable vacuum system

The stability and photoemission characteristics for reflection-mode GaAs photocathodes in a demountable vacuum system have been investigated by using spectral response and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements at room temperature. We find that the shape of the spectral response curve for the cathode changes with time in the vacuum system, but after applying fresh cesium to the degraded cathode, the spectral response can almost be restored. The change and restoration of curve shape are mainly attributed to the evolution of the surface barrier. We illustrate the evolution and analyze the influence of the barrier on the spectral response of the cathode. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics.

Tunable ultra-narrow band-gap of anomalous dispersion photonic crystals

We use the transfer-matrix method to research the band structures in one-dimensional photonic crystals composed of anomalous dispersion material ( saturated atomic cesium vapor). Our calculations show that that type of photonic crystal possesses an ultra-narrow photonic band gap and this band gap is tunable when altering the electron population in the atomic ground state of the anomalous dispersion material by the optical pumping method. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2007.

High-spin isomeric structures in exotic odd-odd nuclei: Exploration of the proton drip line and beyond

We investigate the role of two-quasiparticle isomeric states along the proton drip line, using configuration-constrained potential-energy-surface calculations. In contrast to even-even nuclei, odd-odd nuclei can have coexisting low-lying two-quasiparticle states. The low excitation energy and high angular momentum can lead to long-lived isomers. Also, because of the hindrance by spin selection, the probabilities of beta and proton decays from high-spin isomers can be reduced significantly. The present calculations reproduce reasonably well the available data for observed isomers in such nuclei. Unobserved high-spin isomers are predicted, which could be useful for future experimental studies of exotic nuclei at and beyond the proton drip line.

Candidate chiral doublet bands in the odd-odd nucleus Cs-126

The candidate chiral doublet bands recently observed in Cs-126 have been extended to higher spins, several new linking transitions between the two partner members of the chiral doublet bands are observed, and gamma-intensities related to the chiral doublet bands are presented by analyzing the gamma-gamma coincidence data collected earlier at the NORDBALL through the Cd-116(N-14, 4n)Cs-126 reaction at a beam energy of 65 MeV. The intraband B(M1)/B(E2) and interband B(M1)(in)/B(M1)(out) ratios and the energy staggering parameter, S(I), have been deduced for these doublet bands. The results are found to be consistent with the chiral interpretation for the two structures. Furthermore, the observation of chiral doublet bands in Cs-126 together with those in Cs-124, Cs-128, Cs-130, and Cs-132 also indicates that the chiral conditions do not change rapidly with decreasing neutron number in these odd-odd Cesium isotopes.

放射性钚和铯在湖泊中的时空分布特性及近期沉积年代学应用

短半衰期的137Cs具有高放射毒性，而半衰期较长的Pu的化学毒性极强，它们在环境中富集，进而在食物链中迁移，将直接威胁人类健康，国内在Pu和137Cs的分析方法、环境剂量以及湖泊地质等方面已展开了一些研究，但仍处于起步阶段，内容不够系统全面。湖泊和水库是生活饮用水或农用灌溉水源地，与人类生活息息相关，因此研究湖泊中人为放射性核素的污染状况、来源及归宿显得尤为重要；而且湖泊沉积物作为湖泊中大多污染物的最终归宿地，能够有效地保存湖泊区域的污染历史，研究湖泊沉积物有助于认清湖泊污染历史、探明污染机理，为污染现状评价、水质调查及治理提供可靠的基础依据，钚和铯的特殊性质可为环境科学等方面的研究提供关键的沉积年代学基础数据。 本研究在全国范围内选取具有代表性的不同区域分布、湖泊类型、人为扰动状况的湖泊为研究对象，应用基于γ谱的137Cs分析方法和本文建立的针对淡水湖泊沉积物的Pu同位素分析方法，研究了人为放射性核素Pu和137Cs在全国范围内的分布特征、近源传输及在湖泊中的沉积与迁移机理，并探讨了239+240Pu计年方法的有效性。通过上述研究，得到了如下主要结论： 1、建立了基于阴离子交换树脂分离的Pu同位素ICP-SF-MS分析方法，采用AG1-X8树脂分离Pu与杂质元素以及AG MP-1M纯化Pu同位素。高的仪器灵敏度、良好的U去除效率、足够的Pu同位素化学回收率表明该方法能够有效地检测湖泊沉积物样品中的痕量239Pu和240Pu。此外，纯化Pu同位素时，采用HBr洗脱Pu同位素以排除PbCl+对Pu同位素的干扰，因此该方法除了适应239Pu、240Pu分离分析之外，还可为后期分析浓度更低的241Pu提供技术保证。 2、通过分析沉积物岩芯中的239+240Pu沉积通量和137Cs沉积通量、240Pu/239Pu同位素平均比、239+240Pu/137Cs活度平均比及Pu、137Cs在沉积物岩芯中的剖面分布特征发现博斯腾湖有中国核试验基地的人为放射性核素污染，其表现形式为核爆试验产生的可溶性气溶胶颗粒和热核颗粒沉降后再悬浮造成的偶然性污染和源自罗布泊的地表径流引起的普遍性污染。博斯腾湖的Pu同位素结果表明平流层沉降的中国核试验的核碎片的240Pu/239Pu同位素原始比值可能为0.18左右，非常接近全球大气沉降值。苏干湖和双塔水库有源自中国核试验的可溶性气溶胶颗粒经大气沉降后再悬浮造成的人为放射性核素污染，苏干湖中大约有40%左右的137Cs以及27%左右的239+240Pu源自中国核试验，双塔水库中源自中国核试验的239+240Pu和137Cs所占的比例分别为27.1%和30.6%。 3、单一的239+240Pu和137Cs蓄积峰不能完全解析出沉积速率较慢的青海湖是否有源自在罗布泊进行的中国核武器爆炸试验的污染，但1963年全球大气沉降高峰下端的低240Pu/239Pu同位素比值表明青海湖可能有源自始建于1957年的中国原子城的地表径流泄漏或地下渗透泄漏的人为放射性核素污染。 4、西南地区的湖泊中，云南程海部分137Cs可能源于长距离迁移的中国核试验，但明确中国核试验对西南地区的影响还需要中国核试验源Pu和137Cs长距离迁移的信息，如青藏高原湖泊和西川盆地湖泊沉积物中人为放射性核素来源。其它湖泊中人为放射性核素的污染均源于全球大气沉降。 5、火山成因封闭式玛珥湖，在没有人为扰动的条件下，137Cs和239+240Pu主要以微弱的分子扩散迁移，迁移速率不明显，能较好地保持沉积历史；对人为活动比较频繁的浅水湖泊而言，人为活动、强风等恶劣气候以及上层水体和底层水体的交互对流等因素引起的沉积物再悬浮作用加剧了239+240Pu和137Cs主要以分子扩散迁移作用，造成水体寄宿时间短的浅水湖泊中239+240Pu和137Cs的不同步损失，导致239+240Pu和137Cs峰型的无序化。 6、受人为扰动较弱的湖泊中137Cs比活度和239+240Pu比活度成良好的线性相关，表明239+240Pu蓄积峰的信息能够为此类型湖泊沉积物提供有效的近期沉积年代学数据；对受人为扰动比较大的湖泊来说，137Cs和239+240Pu蓄积峰在近期沉积物计年的方面各有优劣，计年数据的可靠性不强；青海湖各沉积物岩芯的沉积物计年结果表明湖泊的沉积物累积率或沉积速度存在区域性差异。