38 resultados para cal virgem
em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal
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东海陆架是世界上最宽阔的陆架之一,面积达770 000 km2左右。在末次冰盛期(LGM),东海海平面下降120~130 m左右,绝大部分陆架暴露出海面。而冲绳海槽是第四纪以来一直保持海洋环境的东海深海区。本文以冲绳海槽北部PC-1岩芯为材料,通过分析该孔的孢粉,加上详细的AMS 14C测年,恢复了周边地区24 cal.kaBP以来的古植被,并推测古环境和古气候变化,重点讨论了LGM时期出露大陆架上发育的植被。 PC-1孔(31°27.5′N,128°24.8′E)位于黑潮支流对马暖流东侧,水深590 m,柱长812 cm。孢粉分析按间隔8 cm取样,个别为4~6 cm,共分析了103个孢粉样品。利用9个AMS 14C数据建立年龄标尺,用Calib5.1.0软件进行年龄校正。通过相邻样品深度的线性内插获得每个样品的年龄,采用外延法得到顶部和底部的校正年龄分别为351cal aBP、24 280 cal aBP,孢粉样品的时间分辨率平均为230 a。 根据孢粉百分比和沉积率的变化,可划分出四个带:Ⅰ带(812~715 cm,24.2~21.1 cal. kaBP)、Ⅱ带(715~451 cm,21.1~15.2 cal. kaBP)、Ⅲ带(451~251 cm,15.2~10.8 cal. kaBP)、Ⅳ带(251~0 cm,10.8~0.3 cal. kaBP),分别对应MIS 3末期、末次冰盛期、冰消期和全新世。末次冰盛期草本植物花粉占优势,孢粉沉积率较高,此时草本花粉主要来源于出露的大陆架,其上发育了以蒿属为主的草地植被,气候比较寒冷干燥;冰消期海平面开始回升,松属花粉含量升高,草本植物花粉含量下降;全新世以木本植物花粉占绝对优势,栗属-栲属花粉迅速增加,蕨类孢子含量升高,草本植物花粉含量锐减,孢粉沉积率降低,由于海平面回升,大陆架被淹没,此时孢粉主要来源于日本岛,九州地区生长了以栲属、栎属为主的常绿阔叶与落叶阔叶林,气候温暖湿润。 叶枝杉属花粉在整个岩芯中零星出现。叶枝杉属植物分布于菲律宾吕宋北部至塔斯马尼亚和新西兰气候潮湿的山地林中,该属花粉在岩芯中的出现,可能暗示了黑潮的影响或者是较强的夏季风。 草本植物与松属花粉百分比变化很好的反映了海平面的升降,松属花粉含量较高指示海平面较高。对岩芯中主要类型的花粉百分比进行了频谱分析,显示存在千年尺度的准周期变化,有明显的6.8,3.8,2.2,1.6 ka的周期。 孢粉样品中的炭屑统计表明,末次冰消期炭屑含量最高,可能因为末次冰消期降雨量增加,炭屑可被降水带到沉积地点沉积下来;全新世的炭屑浓度较高,尤其在晚全新世,出现了一个峰值,究其原因可能与气候变化和人类活动有关。
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目的研究异丙酚对大鼠海马CA1区神经元兴奋性突触后电流(EPSC)和自发性兴奋性突触后电流(sEPSC)的影响。方法 Wistar大鼠断头后分离海马脑组织,制成400μm厚度的海马脑片,脑片随机分为5组(n=10)。脂肪乳剂Ⅰ组、异丙酚Ⅰ组、SR95531+异丙酚组:记录EPSC 10 min (基础值)后分别加入10%脂肪乳剂90μl、1%异丙酚90μl(相当于100μmol/L)、10μmol/L SR95531+100 μmol/L异丙酚,继续记录EPSC 40 min,分析EPSC幅值的变化。脂肪乳剂Ⅱ组、异丙酚Ⅱ组:细胞破膜后稳定10-15 min,分别加入10%脂肪乳剂90μl和1%异丙酚90μl,记录sEPSC 40 min,分析sEPSC频率、幅值和半衰期的变化。膜钳制电压均为-70 mV。结果与基础值比较,给药后脂肪乳剂Ⅰ组和 SR95531+异丙酚组EPSC幅值差异无统计学意义,异丙酚Ⅰ组EPSC幅值降低;给药后异丙酚Ⅰ组 EPSC幅值比脂肪乳剂Ⅰ组降低(P<0.05)。与脂肪乳剂Ⅱ组比较,异丙酚Ⅱ组sEPSC的频率、幅值降低、半衰期缩短(P<0.05)。结论异丙酚主要通过增强大鼠海马CA...
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观褰戊四氮对大鼠海马CAl区动作电位(action potential,AP)、兴奋性突触后电流(excitatory poBtsynapfic cu膈I吐,皿sc)的影响以厦眯唑安定的拮抗作用。方法断头法分离Wistar大鼠海马半脑,切片机切出 400脚厚度的海马脑片,奎细胞电流钳记录CAl区锥体神经元动作电位发放情况,全细胞电压钳记录电刺激 Sch踮如r侧支/联合鲆维诱发的CAl区锥体神经元EPSC的变化。结果戊四氮健动作电位发放频率增加.脚值降低;咪唑安定拮抗戊四氪的作用,使动作电值发放减少甚至消失,EPSC值上升互加八咪唑安定前的2.5倍左右。结论眯唑安定可以部分恢复大鼠海马cAl区戌四氮谤发的动作电位发放和E巧c的改变,从而产生抗癫痫作用。
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IEECAS SKLLQG
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The element stiffness matrix of the equivalent beam or pipe element of the deformed leg of the platform is derived by the finite element method. The stresses and displacements of some damaged components are calculated, and the numeri-cal solutions agree well with those obtained by the fine mesh finite element method. Finally, as an application of this method, the stresses of some platform structures are calculated and analyzed.
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Detailed analysis of some difficult aspects has been made from modeling the platemovement. A new method of using differential density of material (instead of differentialtemperature) has been developed in the experiments. The effect of convection of mantleon the plate movement has been studied using a centrifugal technique, and a patternshowing the recurrence of the plate movement has been successfully obtained. In this paper, a criterion De=Dm is presented for the similarity of the model to thecounterpart of the original mantle. According to the criterion, what happens in the modelin a span of ten minutes suggests a process of the "original model" going on in geologi-cal time of three million years.
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Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of the grain size distribution and the micro-structure of soils on the mechani- cal characteristics, some static triaxial compression tests were carried out, and then the relationship of stress-strain and the strength behavior of silty sand were compared among undisturbed samples with different grain size distribution, undis- turbed and remolded samples with the same grain size distribution, and reconstituted samples (or called mixed samples) with different grain size distribution. The effects of grain size distribution and structure on the mechanic behavior of silty sands were mainly analyzed. It is shown that the obvious differences of the mechanical characteristics between undis- turbed soils and remolded soils are caused by the differences of soil structures. Although the grain size distribution are different between two soil samples, their mechanical characteristics may be close to each other, or may have obvious differences because of the effects of micro-structure.
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Tris-thenoyltrifluroacetonate of Nd3+ has been prepared and dissolved in DMF solation with very high concentration, and the contained hydrogen has not been substituted by deuterium. The absorption spectrum, emission spectrum, and fluorescence lifetime of the solution were measured. Very obvious characteristic fluorescence peaks were observed at 898 and 1058 nm. Based on Judd-Ofelt theory, three intensity parameters were obtained: Omega(2) = 4.9 x 10(-20) cm(2), Omega(4) = 5.1 x 10(-20) cm(2) and Omega(6) = 2.5 x 10(-20) cm(2). Line strengths S-cal, oscillator strengths f(cal), radiative transition probabilities A(ed), radiative lifetimes tau(r) and branch ratios beta were calculated too. The measured lifetime tau of 1058 nm peak is 460 mu s, and that of 898 nm 505 mu s. Comparison between theoretically computed radiative lifetime tau(r)(682 mu s) and the measured lifetime indicates that the non-radiative transition probability of the solution is very low and the fluorescence quantum efficiency very high. High values of three intensity parameters prove the high asymmetric surroundings of Nd3+, which is important for Nd3+ to absorb the excitation energy. Spectropic quality factor Omega(4)/Omega(6) > 1 makes radiation at 898 nm stronger than at 1058 nm.
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在室温下用聚焦的飞秒激光照射高折射率、低双折射的透明含芴结构树脂-对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)共聚物,探索飞秒激光制备高分子光学功能微结构的可能性。通过紫外-可见吸收光谱、红外光谱、电子自旋共振谱、光学显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜等分析手段,对该材料在飞秒激光照射后的结构变化及机理进行研究。结果发现:含芴结构树脂共聚物在飞秒激光照射后产生化学键断裂,生成未成对电子,并形成无定形碳;照射区在可见光区域的吸收增强;随激光能量密度的减少在激光会聚点附近诱导结构由慧尾状向单一细丝转变。演示了三维着色内雕。
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在麻醉Wistar大鼠上,结合脑室给药,应用双电极刺激技术刺激海马独立的两条侧枝/联合纤维通 路、TA通路,并在CAl区放射层记录兴奋性突触后电位(EPSP),对海马CAl区锥体细胞近、远端树突EPSP 的空间整合进行了初步探讨。结果表明,海马CAl区锥体细胞近、远端树突的空间整合都是亚线性的;近端树 突的空间整合不受期望值大小的影响,但远端树突的空间整合随期望值增加而减小(更趋于亚线性)。此外, 荷包牡丹碱没有影响EPSP的空间整合;但瞬时A型钾通道(IAK+)的拮抗剂氨基吡啶-4却使得近端树突的 空间整合趋于线性发展。本研究表明,海马CAl锥体细胞近、远端树突不同的被动、主动特征使它们具有了不 同的空间整合特性。由于近端树突接受海马内部侧枝/联合纤维投射的信息,远端树突通过TA通路接受内嗅皮 层投射的信息,由此提示,CAl区锥体细胞对来自海马内部和直接来自皮层的信息输入采用了不同的整合方 式。
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目的研究异丙酚对海马区突触传递和可塑性的影响。方法断头分离大 鼠海马半脑, 制备加阿厚度海马脑片。张脑片分为六组。脂肪乳剂组和异丙酚组的脑片以印防 己毒素预孵而, 然后加人川脂肪乳剂或异丙酚相当于拌, 观察对兴奋性突触后电流 的影响。月旨肪乳剂长时程增强】」下组、脂肪乳剂长时程抑制组、异丙酚功下组、异丙酚 组的脑片以川脂肪乳剂或异丙酚相当于脚预孵而, 给予高频刺激或低频 刺激, 记录或的发生情况。结果脂肪乳剂对无影响脚异 丙酚使细胞下降至基础值的尸, 使细胞玲上升至基础值的 。脂肪乳剂组给予邓后玲值为基础值的, 脂肪乳剂汀〕组给 予⋯乃后值为基础值的异丙酚组给予后, 可以产生但不能维 持, 后值为基础值的, 异丙酚几组给予后值为基础值的 , 明显低于脂肪乳剂组尸。结论异丙酚对大鼠海马区突触传递 具有双重影响, 出现抑制和兴奋两种效果异丙酚损害大鼠海马区锥体神经元的维持而易 化。 【关键
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尼龙-610除具备一般聚酰胺的优良特点外,与尼龙-6、尼-66等大批量生产的工程塑料相比,还有其独特的优良特性,即尼龙-610吸水性较小,尺寸比较稳定。因而它广泛应用于制造日用、机械、电器及航空等工业制品。尽管尼龙-610 性能优良,但对一些使用温度和尺寸精度要求高的产品而言,还不够理想。如果将尼龙-610经γ-射线辐照,分子间形成空间网络,可能使产品的尺寸更稳定,使用温度更高,使用领域更为扩展。作为高分子材料,尼龙-610的结构和性能方面的研究很少进行,经γ-射线辐照交联后产物的结构与性能的研究则更为少见。这在一定程度上限制了尼龙-610的加工和使用。本文用DSC示差扫描量热仪,广角X-射线衍射仪等手段研究尼龙-610本身的热性能和结构特性,以及辐照后尼龙-610的热性能。采用对尼龙-610样品进行部分湿度扫描、变更升、降温速度及变更等温结晶温度的方法研究了尼龙-610的熔融、结晶行为。发现在等速升温过程中,均有多重熔融峰出现,它们对升温速率、降温速率及等温结晶的湿度分另有没程度的依赖性。高温熔融峰几科不受升温速度、降温速度及等温结晶温度影响,它主要是在扫描过程中试样原有结晶不完善部分在低温下熔化和再结晶或重排而形成的介稳态α-型晶体的熔化,或在玻璃化变温度Tg以上冷结晶形成的介稳态结晶的重组和重排而形成晶体的熔化。低温熔融峰受升温速率、降温速度及等温结晶的温度影响很大,是由热历史造成的结晶的熔融。多重熔融峰不是来自于不同晶型,实验发现尼龙-610在等速降温和等温结晶过程中产生的结晶均为α-型三斜晶系。采用Tm与Tc作图外推的方法,估得尼龙-610样品的平衡熔融温度为。Tm°= 518.1 K。此值与Van krevelen的报导值516K相近。利用聚合物熔化热和与其对应比容Vsp外推的方法,求得尼龙-610的平衡熔融热为:△Hm°= 51.8 cal/gram。用DSC-RC示差扫描量热 仪研究了室温、真空气氛下,经60 ℃ γ射线辐照的尼龙-610的热行为及辐效应。发现随辐照剂量增加,熔融峰湿度向低温方向移动,从熔体等速降温时,只有单一结晶峰出现,随辐照剂量增加,结晶峰变宽,结晶温度下降,且熔融热与结晶热也随剂量增加而减小。尼龙-610样品在400-700Mrad之间的剂量辐照时,第二次等速升温的熔融谱图上,有冷结晶峰出现,此冷结晶峰随热历史及辐照剂量变化。它主要是尚未形成完整间网络和技化的尼龙-610大分子的贡献。辐照尼龙-610也符合charlesby-Pinner无规交联议程。用Charlesby-pinner方程算得尼龙-610样品的辐照交联G(CL)= 0.57。选择适当的等温结晶温度,用DSC-RC示差扫描是热仪研究了辐照尼龙-610榈的等温结晶动力学。动力学计算由3600TADS计算机所带部分面积程序给出。实验出现,随辐照剂量增加,尼龙-610的Avrami指数n减小。结晶表面自由能σ_e随辐照剂量加而增大,在同一结晶条件下,辐照剂量愈大,球晶数目愈多,结晶愈不完整,说明尼龙-610经γ-射线辐照交联后可能由均相三维无热成核变为异相单维无热成核。且化学交联点,可能充当结晶的成核中心。