High penetrance of sequencing errors and interpretative shortcomings in mtDNA sequence analysis of LHON patients

For identifying mutation(s) that are potentially pathogenic it is essential to determine the entire mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from patients suffering from a particular mitochondrial disease, such as Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Howe

WAVELENGTH POSITIONING ERRORS AND TRUE DETECTION LIMIT IN RELATION TO MULTICOMPONENT ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES FOR THE CORRECTION OF LINE INTERFERENCES IN INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY

The present paper deals with the evaluation of the relative error (DELTA(A)) in estimated analyte concentrations originating from the wavelength positioning error in a sample scan when multicomponent analysis (MCA) techniques are used for correcting line interferences in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. In the theoretical part, a quantitative relation of DELTA(A) with the extent of line overlap, bandwidth and the magnitude of the positioning error is developed under the assumption of Gaussian line profiles. The measurements of eleven samples covering various typical line interferences showed that the calculated DELTA(A) generally agrees well with the experimental one. An expression of the true detection limit associated with MCA techniques was thus formulated. With MCA techniques, the determination of the analyte and interferent concentrations depend on each other while with conventional correction techniques, such as the three-point method, the estimate of interfering signals is independent of the analyte signals. Therefore. a given positioning error results in a larger DELTA(A) and hence a higher true detection limit in the case of MCA techniques than that in the case of conventional correction methods. although the latter could be a reasonable approximation of the former when the peak distance expressed in the effective width of the interfering line is larger than 0.4. In the light of the effect of wavelength positioning errors, MCA techniques have no advantages over conventional correction methods unless the former can bring an essential reduction ot the positioning error.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF WAVELENGTH POSITIONING ERRORS ON KALMAN FILTERING RESULTS IN INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY

This work evaluates the effect of wavelength positioning errors in spectral scans on analytical results when the Kalman filtering technique is used for the correction of line interferences in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results show that a positioning accuracy of 0.1 pm is required in order to obtain accurate and precise estimates for analyte concentrations. The positioning error in sample scans is more crucial than that in model scans. The relative bias in measured analyte concentration originating from a positioning error in a sample scan increases linearly with an increase in the magnitude of the error and the peak distance of the overlapping lines, but is inversely proportional to the signal-to-background ratio. By the use of an optimization procedure for the positions of scans with the innovations number as the criterion, the wavelength positioning error can be reduced and, correspondingly, the accuracy and precision of analytical results improved.

复杂裂隙岩体统计断裂本构关系与变形参数研究

Rock mass is widely recognized as a kind of geologic body which consists of rock blocks and discontinuities. The deformation and failure of rock mass is not only determined by rock block，but also by discontinuity which is virtually more important. Mutual cutting and combination of discontinuities controlled mechanical property of rock mass. The complex cutting of discontinuities determine the intense anisotropy on mechanical property of rock mass，especially under the effect of ground stress. Engineering practice has show that the brittle failure of hard rock always occurs when its working stress is far lower than the yield strength and compressive strength，the failure always directly related to the fracture propagation of discontinuities. Fracture propagation of discontinuities is the virtue of hard rock’s failure. We can research the rock mass discontinuous mechanical properties precisely by the methods of statistical analysis of discontinuities and Fracture Mechanics. According to Superposition Principle in Fracture Mechanics，A Problem or C Problem could be chosen to research. Problem A mainly calculates the crack-tip stress field and displacement field on internal discontinuities by numerical method. Problem C calculate the crack-tip stress field and displacement field under the assumption of that the mainly rock mass stress field has been known. So the Problem C avoid the complex mutual interference of stress fields of discontinuities，which is called crack system problem in Fracture Mechanics. To solve Problem C, field test on stress field in the rock mass is needed. The linear Superposition of discontinuities strain energies are Scientific and Rational. The difference of Fracture Mechanics between rock mass and other materials can mostly expression as：other materials Fracture Mechanics mostly face the problem A，and can’t avoid multi-crack puzzle, while the Rock mass Fracture Mechanics answer to the Problem C. Problem C can avoid multi-discontinuities mutual interference puzzle via the ground stress test. On the basis of Problem C, Fracture Mechanics could be used conveniently in rock mass. The rock mass statistics fracture constitutive relations, which introduced in this article, are based on the Problem C and the Discontinuity Strain Energy linear superposition. This constitutive relation has several merits: first, it is physical constitutive relation rather than empirical; second, it is very fit to describe the rock mass anisotropy properties; third, it elaborates the exogenous factors such as ground stress. The rock mass statistics fracture constitutive relation is the available approach to answer to the physical, anisotropic and ground stress impacted rock mass problems. This article stand on the foundation of predecessor’s statistics fractures constitutive relation, and improved the discontinuity distributive function. This article had derived the limitation of negative exponential distribution in the course of regression analysis, and advocated to using the two parameter negative exponential distribution for instead. In order to solve the problems of two-dimension stability on engineering key cross-sectional view in rock mass, this article derived the rock mass planar flexibility tensor, and established rock mass two-dimension penetrate statistics fracture constitutive relation on the basis of penetrate fracture mechanics. Based on the crack tip plasticity research production of penetrate fracture, for example the Irwin plasticity equifinality crack, this article established the way to deal with the discontinuity stress singularity and plastic yielding problem at discontinuity tip. The research on deformation parameters is always the high light region of rock mass mechanics field. After the dam foundation excavation of XiaoWan hydroelectric power station, dam foundation rock mass upgrowthed a great deal of unload cracks, rock mass mechanical property gotten intricacy and strong anisotropy. The dam foundation rock mass mostly upgrowthed three group discontinuities： the decantation discontinuity, the steep pitch discontinuity, and the schistosity plane. Most of the discontinuities have got partial unload looseness. In accordance with ground stress field data, the dam foundation stress field greatly non-uniform, which felled under the great impaction of tectonic stress field, self-weight stress field, excavation geometric boundary condition, and excavation, unload. The discontinuity complexity and stress field heterogeneity, created the rock mass mechanical property of dam foundation intricacy and levity. The research on the rock mass mechanics, if not take every respected influencing factor into consideration as best as we can, major errors likely to be created. This article calculated the rock mass elastic modulus that after Xiao Wan hydroelectric power station dam foundation gutter excavation finished. The calculation region covered possession monolith of Xiao Wan concrete double-curvature arch dam. Different monolith were adopted the penetrate fracture statistics constitutive relation or bury fracture statistics constitutive relation selectively. Statistics fracture constitutive relation is fit for the intensity anisotropy and heterogeneity rock mass of Xiao Wan hydroelectric power station dam foundation. This article had contrastive analysis the statistics fracture constitutive relation result with the inclined plane load test actual measurement elastic modulus and RMR method estimated elastic modulus, and find that the three methods elastic modulus have got greatly comparability. So, the statistics fracture constitutive relations are qualified for trust. Generally speaking，this article had finished following works based on predecessors job: “Argumentation the C Problems of superposition principle in Fracture Mechanics, establish two-dimension penetrate statistics fracture constitutive relation of rock mass, argue the negative exponential distribution limitation and improve it, improve of the three-dimension berry statistics fracture constitutive relation of rock mass, discontinuity-tip plastic zone isoeffect calculation, calculate the rock mass elastic modulus on two-dimension cross-sectional view”. The whole research clue of this article inherited from the “statistics rock mass mechanics” of Wu Faquan（1992）.