INFLUENCE OF LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) AS ORGANIC COSOLVENT ON LEACHING BEHAVIOR OF PCDD/FS FROM FLY-ASH AND SOIL

The leaching of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) was measured in soil and standard fly ash column eluted with pure water and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS)- water. The data obtained were used to evaluate the leachability of PCDD/Fs from waste dump like incineration residual slag and fly ash deposition. The leaching rate was shown to be increased significantly by using LAS water. The leachate contents of PCDD/Fs were above their known water solubility. Concentration of PCDD/Fs in the leachates as well as the relative leaching (calculated on the fly ash content) increased with increasing chlorinating degree and decreasing water solubility. LAS above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) probably enhances PCDD/Fs solubility.

Abnormal phenomenon of the dependence of the retention factors for uncharged species on applied voltage in capillary electrochromatography

Polymethacrylate-based monolithic columns were prepared for capillary electrochromatography (CEC) by in situ copolymerization of butyl methacrylate (BMA), 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) in the presence of a porogen in fused-silica capillaries of 100 mum I.D. The abnormal phenomenon that retention factors for neutral species decreases with applied voltage in CEC was observed. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) instruments usually require a period of time to increase voltage from 0 kV to desired value, which is called as ramp time. Such ramp time and any error in the determination of dead time should be taken into account during the accurate calculation of retention factors. After the correction of the retention factors, the plots of the corrected factors for alkylbenzene versus applied voltage were made, the absolute value of the plot slopes are less than 1.8 X 10(-4), Which indicates that the corrected retention times for neutral species do not show any dependence on applied voltage. Further, the plots of the corrected retention times for acidic and basic compounds versus the reciprocal of applied voltage were drawn, where the target compounds were eluted in neutral form. The very nice linearity of the plots was obtained. The linear correlation coefficients are over 0.999. Here, the slopes of the plots represent

阴离子表面活性剂(LAS)环境行为与环境效应

由于直链烷基苯磺酸盐 (Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates,L AS)的广泛运用 ,LAS成为环境中最常见的具有代表性的一类有机污染物 ,其环境行为与环境效应也受到普遍的关注。尽管许多研究表明 ,目前的 L AS使用水平对大多数生物来说是安全的 ,但也有研究表明 L AS在低浓度条件下对鱼类产生慢性毒性。同时 L AS对生物的伤害机理也不十分清楚 ,因此 LAS的伤害机理和毒性效应的临界值尚需进一步探讨。 L AS在不同环境中的吸附、沉降和生物降解等迁移转化行为十分复杂 ,但对于其在环境中的吸附机制和影响因素尚难以得到一致结论 ,而对于生物降解过程中的中间代谢产物的成分、行为和毒性也需进一步深入研究