Experimental investigation on TBAB clathrate hydrate slurry flows in a horizontal tube: Forced convective heat transfer behaviors

Tetra-n-butyl-ammonium bromide (TBAB) clathrate hydrate slurry (CHS) is one kind of secondary refrigerants, which is promising to be applied into air-conditioning or latent-heat transportation systems as a thermal storage or cold carrying medium for energy saving. It is a solid-liquid two phase mixture which is easy to produce and has high latent heat and good fluidity. In this paper, the heat transfer characteristics of TBAB slurry were investigated in a horizontal stainless steel tube under different solid mass fractions and flow velocities with constant heat flux. One velocity region of weakened heat transfer was found. Moreover, TBAB CHS was treated as a kind of Bingham fluids, and the influences of the solid particles, flow velocity and types of flow on the forced convective heat transfer coefficients of TBAB CHS were investigated. At last, criterial correlations of Nusselt number for laminar and turbulent flows in the form of power function were summarized, and the error with experimental results was within 20%.

一种低活化铁素体/ 马氏体钢的高能重离子辐照效应研究

Low-activation Ferritic/Martensitic steels are a kind of important structural materials candidate to the application in advanced nuclear energy systems.Possible degradation of properties and even failure in the condition of high-temperature and high helium production due to energetic neutron irradiation in a fusion reactor is a major concern with the application of this kind of materials.In the present work microstructural evolution in a 9Cr Ferritic/Martensitic steel(T92B) irradiated with 122 MeV 20Ne ions...中文摘要：低活化的铁素体/马氏体钢是先进核能装置(如聚变堆)的重要候选结构材料。在聚变堆实际工作环境下,由于高温和高氦产生率引起的材料失效是这类材料面临的一个重要问题。本项研究以兰州重离子加速器(HIRFL)提供的中能惰性气体离子束(20Ne,122 MeV)作为模拟辐照条件,借助透射电子显微镜,研究了一种低活化的9Cr铁素体/马氏体钢(T92B)组织结构的变化和辐照肿胀。实验结果表明,高温下当材料中晶格原子的撞出损伤和惰性气体原子沉积浓度超过一定限值时,材料内部形成高浓度的空洞,并且空洞肿胀率显著依赖于辐照温度和剂量;在马氏体板条界面及其它晶界处空洞趋于优先形成,并且在晶界交汇处呈加速生长。基于氦泡的形核生长与空洞肿胀的经典模型探讨了在不同辐照条件(He离子、Ne离子、Fe/He离子双束、快中子、Ni离子)下铁素体/马氏体钢中肿胀率数据的关联。