A discussion about a class of stress intensity factors and its verification

In this paper, new formulae of a class of stress intensity factors for an infinite plane with two collinear semi-infinite cracks are presented. The formulae differ from those gathered in several handbooks used all over the world. Some experiments and finite element calculations have been developed to verify the new formulae and the results have shown its reliability. Finally, the new formulae and the old are listed to show the differences between them.

Asymptotic solutions to a class of nonlinear oscillation systems

In this paper, we present an asymptotic method for the analysis of a class of strongly nonlinear oscillators, derive second-order approximate solutions to them expressed in terms of their amplitudes and phases, and obtain the equations governing the amplitudes and phases, by which the amplitudes of the corresponding limit cycles and their behaviour can be determined. As an example, we investigate the modified van der Pol oscillator and give the second-order approximate analytical solution of its limit cycle. The comparison with the numerical solutions shows that the two results agree well with each other.

郭永怀文集

Upper level and phase controlling group velocity in V-type system

With the external field coupling the two upper levels, we investigate the light pulse propagation properties with weak probe field in a V-type system. Due to the external upper level (UL) coupling field, the dispersion of the system has been influenced by the relative phase. It is shown that the UL field and the relative phase can be regarded as switches to manipulate light propagation between subluminal and superluminal. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Enhancement of three-photon absorption cross-sections in a novel class of symmetrical charge transfer fluorene-based molecules

The three-photon absorption effect (3PA) of two novel symmetrical charge transfer fluorene-based molecules (abbreviated as BASF and BMOSF) has been determined by using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser pumped with 38 ps pulses at 1064 nm in DMF. The measured 3PA cross-sections are 84 x 10(-78) and 114 x 10(-78) cm(6) s(2), respectively. The geometries and electronic excitations of these two molecules are systematically studied by PM3 and ZINDO/S methods. The relationships between 3PA cross-sections and intramolecular charge transfer are discussed micromechanically. The experimental and theoretical results have shown that the larger intramolecular charge transfer, which was characterized by the charge density difference between the ground state (SO) and the first excited state (S-I), the greater enhancement of the 3PA cross-sections. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Large three-photon absorption cross-section in a novel class of bis-(N-carbazolyl) fluorene derivatives

Two novel symmetrical charge transfer fluorene derivatives (abbreviated as BCZF and BVCZF) with carbazole end-group as the donor moieties have been synthesized. Three-photon absorption cross-sections of these two compounds have been determined by using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser pumped with 38 ps pulses at 1064 nm in DMF. The measured 3PA cross-sections are 140 x 10(-78) and 400 x 10(-78) cm(6) s(2) for BCZF and BVCZF, respectively. The geometries, electronic structures and electronic spectra of these two compounds are systematically studied by AM1 and ZINDO/S methods. On the basis of correct UV-vis spectra, the influence of different molecular structure on three-photon absorption cross-sections is discussed micromechanically. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

岷江中上游植被生态恢复过程中若干问题的探讨

　1．对四川省岷江上游地区（茂县）的锐齿槲栎（Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata）天然次生林进行研究，发现：(1) 坚果完好比例约在14% ~26%之间，完好坚果的发芽率和发芽势都比较高，但在天然状况下能够留存到翌年5月的坚果几乎没有。因此，实生幼苗的天然补充就受到了严重的限制。(2) 林缘的幼苗密度低于所有其它生境的 (P<0.05)，林中的幼苗密度最高，和林窗的比较有显著差异(P<0.05), 而和灌丛的比较则差异不显著（P>0.05）。在灌丛幼苗密度和林中以及林窗的比较都没有差异。动物对坚果的取食速度则是林中的最慢 (10.0%)，林窗和林缘的基本相同(分别为61.1%和66.5%)，取食速度都明显快于林中(P<0.01)。(3) 林中的幼苗在小于100 cm的各高度内都有大量分布，说明在林中树冠下幼苗是可以长期存在的，暗示在幼苗阶段的锐齿槲栎可能是耐荫的。(4) 在林中缺失幼树，在林缘则有包括幼树在内的完整的更新大小系列，表明林缘是更新的关键地点。(5) 在栎林的每一个大小级别上，萌生个体和实生个体都按各种比例伴生，说明导致萌生的干扰一直在发生，并可能在森林的更新中扮演重要角色;也说明该地区的锐齿槲栎林由萌生和实生起源的个体混合组成。 2．栎林是北半球温带森林的重要组成部分，因此栎林更新是全球森林更新研究的热点之一，而啮齿动物对栎林更新的影响则是关注的焦点。在2002~2003年，通过坚果标记研究了未被取食和遗弃坚果（即咬开后只有少部分被捕食后丢弃在林中的坚果）的健康比例，并定量测定了坚果的捕食、搬运、遗弃、丢弃、贮藏和留存等各种命运的比例和特点;对坚果也进行了各种人为的处理，以观测其命运和动物取食速度，发现：(1) 遗弃坚果中不健康坚果的比例比动物未取食的天然坚果中的比例有极显著的增加 (P>0.05)，暗示啮齿动物一般是通过咬开坚果来识别坚果健康与否并决定是否捕食。(2) 根据坚果命运和对照相比改变与否以及如何改变，各种人工处理坚果的命运可以分为 4 类：① 坚果命运没有任何显著改变;② 坚果被就地捕食的速度降低，搬运的速度不变，最终搬运坚果的比例增加而就地捕食坚果的比例降低，留存坚果的比例偶尔能增加至0.2%;③ 坚果就地捕食的速度几乎降至0，搬运的速度则在下降一段时间后又上升，并且搬运作用持续了相对长的时间，最终搬运坚果的比例大大增加，就地捕食坚果的比例很低，留存率为0;④ 坚果被搬运和就地捕食的速度和比例都降低，留存坚果的比例相应的大大增加，甚至可以达到50%。(3) 命运得到显著改变的②、③、④类坚果所承受的人工处理按照作用方式又可以分为主要作用于坚果化学状态（即气味浓度）的处理、主要作用于坚果物理状态（颜色、形态、有无附属物等）的处理以及使坚果处于不同颜色背景的处理;其中主要作用于坚果化学状态的处理对坚果命运具有最重大的改变，如胶带包裹处理和烧焦处理;其它各种主要作用于坚果的物理状态和所处背景的处理对其命运则也具有相对轻微的改变。这一试验结果可能证明：啮齿动物在对坚果进行识别和取食选择等活动时主要依赖于嗅觉来感知坚果的可食性，但是能感觉物理状态和所处背景的视觉也起一定程度的作用。(4) 啮齿动物对栎树坚果进行就地捕食、遗弃、搬运、异地捕食、丢弃、贮藏等作用，使各种命运的坚果都具有一定的数量比例和特点，也提供了动物影响栎林更新的多种可能途径。 3．人工干扰是任何退化生态系统中都始终存在的重大问题。除了明显的砍伐或者采摘外，人工践踏也是一种重要的干扰，特别是在茂县的山林普遍被牛马不断的放牧的情况下，这个干扰的后果就更加显著。为此研究了人脚踩踏的路上的白车轴草和未踩踏草坪上白车轴草在最大叶长、株高、芽高、构件数量、构件平均鲜重、死叶数量、根长等构型指标，根、茎、叶三者的生物量（干重）及比例等生物量指标，平均花序数量、花平均数量等繁殖指标方面的不同，发现踩踏使白车轴草植株：(1) 株高降低，芽高降低，最大叶长变小，平均每厘米的构件数量增加，构件平均鲜重降低，根长度减小，死叶数量增加。(2) 平均花序数量下降，每花序的花平均数量下降。(3) 但是在生物量的分配上，根和茎的生物量没有显著的下降，但是叶的生物量显著减低。因为白车轴草的茎可以不断克隆繁殖，所以踩踏对其存活可能没有太大的影响，只是造成了植株的矮化和密集化，根也变短;但是对种子繁殖有重大影响，反映在平均花序数量和每花序平均花数的显著下降上。在生物量的分配中，作为主要的同化器官，叶的生物量显著下降，而根茎比没有变化。这可能说明这样的克隆植物其物质流动是呈现网络化的特征，具有比较强的抗干扰能力。 4．连香树、油松、日本落叶松、华山松油松混合林是茂县地区的几种主要的已经营造的林型或者树种。为了了解其20年来的营林效果，运用样方调查的方法测量了这几种树种或者林型的胸径、持水量、凋落物现存量、密度等，评价了它们在生长、营业循环和水土保持等方面的差异。结果表明：日本落叶松具有生长缓慢，凋落物现存量大，涵养水分能力良好的树种，值得推广;油松生长迅速，凋落物现存量巨大，涵养水分能力一般的树种，也可以大力栽植;油松和华山松的混交林具有比较大的蓄积量和较好的涵养水分的能力，可以推广;而连香树则做为生长速度中等，成材率低，凋落物现存量小，涵养水分能力差的树种，不应该进一步推广。