Study on Mechanics Parameters of Unloaded Rock Mass about the Underground Powerhouse of Jin-ping Hydroelectric Station

After the excavation of Jinping underground cavern, a strong expansion appears along the unloading direction of the rock mass, mainly in the type of tensile rupture, accompanied by shear destruction, unloading resulted in significant deterioration of mechanical properties of rock. Based on the in-site investigation of rock mass structure, via analyzing the acoustic testing data, we identify the unloading range of the side walls and the division of rock types, and carry out with the solution of rock mechanical parameters about different unloading zone, providing geological foundation for the supporting design of the following design of the side walls, at the same time, providing reference for the selection of mechanical parameters of other underground excavation engineering with similar geological conditions.

Rapid automated in-situ monitoring of total dissolved iron and total dissolved manganese in underground water by reverse-flow injection with chemiluminescence detection during the process of water treatment

Measurement of iron and manganese is very important in evaluating the quality of natural waters. We have constructed an automated Fe(II), total dissolved iron(TDI), Mn(II), and total dissolved manganese(TDM) analysis system for the quality control of underground drinking water by reverse flow injection analysis and chemiluminescence detection(rFIA-CL), The method is based on the measurement of the metal-catalyzed light emission from luminol oxidation by potassium periodate. The typical signal is a narrow peak, in which the height is proportional to light emitted and hence to the concentration of metal ions. The detection limits were 3 x 10(-6) mu g ml(-1) for Fe(II) and the linear range extents up to 1.0 x 10(-4) and 5 x 10(-6) mu g ml(-1) for Mn(II) cover a linear range to 1.0 x 10(-4) mu g ml(-1). This method was used for automated in-situ monitoring of total dissolved iron and total dissolved in underground water during water treatment. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

地下结构震动响应数值方法研究

随着计算机技术的飞速发展，数值计算已经成为模拟在各种介质中的爆炸过程及其近场波动效应的重要研究手段。针对目前爆炸技术在工程的重要应用课题之一，即地下结构在爆炸载荷作用下的震动响应数值方法进行了较深入的研究，研究了适用于松动爆破的爆破震动的等效模型，该模型简单可行，基本反映了爆破震动过程的物理特征。利用该模型对爆炸载荷作用下地下结构的震动过程进行了模拟，分析爆破在介质中激发的瞬态扰动及其传播的特征，如频率特征、振幅变化规律等，通过与实验数据进行对比，解释了近场爆炸现象并为实验提供理论依据。通过场地模拟实验的数值模拟验证了方法的有效性，为后续工作打下了良好的基础。

运用爆破震动来识别地下裂隙和软弱夹层

从爆破震动信号主要来源于爆破区邻近范围内地质结构的自振的观点出发，提出了一种探测地下裂隙和软弱夹层的新技术：把震源布置在裂隙和软弱夹层附近进行爆破，由于介质中裂隙和软弱夹层的存在使得局部结构的刚度减小。直接影响到爆破介质振动的速度幅值和频率，因此可以通过地表接收器接收的振动信号(包括振动速度的幅值和频率)识别出裂隙和软弱夹层的大小和形状等特征．通过无网格的数值算例分别从水平裂隙和斜裂隙的情况下总结规律说明了这种方法的可行性．

中国广西原花鳅属穴居盲鱼一新种——多鳞原花鳅

2006年5月从广西武鸣县城5km的地下龙潭中发现了原花鳅属的一个新种.该新种被命名为多鳞原花鳅(Protocobitis polylepis),与该属唯一已知种无眼原花鳅(Protocobitis typhlops)的豁别特征如下:1) 体背和体侧具淡的色素vs.色素完全退化;2) 除头和腹部外身体其余部分被稀疏鳞片vs.稀疏鳞片仪见于体侧中线;头长为体长24.1%-24.8% vs.19.8%-22.1%;体高为体长16.2%-16.3% vs.11.5%-13.0%:内侧吻须长为头长19.8%-21.O% vs.9.4%-11.8%;外侧吻须长为头长28.6%-30.2% vs.1513%-21.8%;颌须长为头长44.6%-46.0% vs.22.4%-31.8%.

Taxonomic review of the genus Sinocrossocheilus Wu (Teleostei : Cyprinidae), with a description of four new species

All Sinocrossocheilus species, except S. microstomatus, are reviewed. Four new species, S. labiata, S. papillolabra, S. nigrovittata, and S. longibulla, are described. The genus Sinocrossocheilus differs from other genera of Cyprinidae by the last simple dorsal fin ray being unserrated and unossified, the last unbranched anal fin ray being unserrated and unossified, the 5-branched anal fin rays, the mouth gap being inferior, the rostral cap covering the lower jaw and connecting directly with the lower lip, a row of fleshy lobes on the lower jaw, and a cloudy black spot above the pectoral fin. Sinocrossocheilus labiata is small and has 22 predorsal scales; S. longibulla has a very large air bladder; S. papillolabra possesses a well-developed ventral fin and a wide band covered by fleshy papillae on the lower lip; and S. nigrovittata possesses black longitudinal stripes along the lateral line. Crossocheilus bamaensis and Crossocheilus liuchengensis are transferred to the genus Sinocrossocheilus. Sinocrossocheilus species are endemic to the central and eastern Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China, where river systems are anfractuous, including seasonal rivers, cave rivers, underground rivers, and streamlets between mountains. These separated rivers probably provide conditions for the allopatric speciation of the Sinocrossocheilus.

陕北风沙滩地区紫花苜蓿地下滴灌带埋设深度初步研究

研究了半干旱沙区不同滴灌带埋设深度下紫花苜蓿的生长特性。通过试验研究分析了滴灌带埋设深度对紫花苜蓿植株高度、茎粗、分枝数、根系生长、根系密度和产量等生长特性的影响。采用主成分分析法对不同滴灌带埋设深度的紫花苜蓿等生长特性进行了综合评价。结果表明,滴灌带不同埋设深度对苜蓿各个生育期生长特性指标影响不同。在苗期,埋设深度为10 cm的处理,有利于苜蓿生长。从分枝期起,埋设深度为30 cm的处理优于其它处理;在整个生育期内,不同埋设深度对苜蓿生长特性影响的综合评判结果为:埋深30 cm>埋深20 cm>埋深10 cm>埋深40 cm。

有限元子域法分析土石混合介质的饱和导水率

在黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错地区,碎石的存在影响着土壤的水力学特性,因此研究土石混合介质的渗流运动对该地区的植被恢复建设具有重要的指导意义。虽然用有限元法分析地下水渗流的工作很多,但对土石混合介质而言,由于有限元法的解题规模迅速增加,其研究甚少。本模型采用子域法矩形单元,假定土石体中石块含量增加不影响土的孔隙率且石块不透水分析了土石混合介质中的渗流过程。结果表明,影响土石混合介质饱和导水率的主要因素是土石介质的含石率;石块的大小基本不影响混合介质饱和导水率;石块分布方式增加水流路径时,会影响混合介质饱和导水率。这一数值分析结论与土石体渗流问题的部分理论结果和试验结果吻合良好。本模型子域法计算效率高,结果较准确,可用于较大规模的土石混合介质渗流分析,还可推广用于土石混合介质的三维分析和多级子域法有限元技术以获得更大规模的解题效果。