IN-SITU UV-VISIBLE SPECTROELECTROCHEMICAL AND CIRCULAR DICHROIC ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDY OF BILIRUBIN AND BILIRUBIN PLUS HUMAN SERUM-ALBUMIN COMPLEX

The electro-oxidation of bilirubin (BR) in aqueous solution was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and in-situ thin-layer spectroelectrochemical techniques, It was found that both oxidation processes of BR are two electron transfer reactions. A mechanism

THE EFFECT OF FILM-FORMING CONDITIONS FOR TAPCUPC LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS ON MORPHOLOGY AND PROPERTIES

The dependence of morphology and properties on film-forming conditions is described for the symmetrically substituted copper tetra-4-(2, 4-di-t-amylphenoxy) phthalocyanine (tapCuPc) Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. The effects of LB film-forming conditions (such as the surface pressure, pH value and the concentrations of spreading solutions) on film quality were studied with the help of a UV-visible spectrophotometer and a transmission electron microscope. Transmission electron microscopy photographs of the surface morphology of tapCuPc LB films show that a smooth and homogeneous surface structure can be obtained under optimum film-forming conditions.

Optical properties of aluminum-, gallium-, and indium-doped Bi4Ti3O12 thin films

Undoped and Al-, Ga-, and In-doped Bi4Ti3O12 thin films were prepared on fused quartz substrates by chemical solution deposition. Their microstructures and optical properties were investigated by x-ray diffraction and UV-visible-NIR spectrophotometer, respectively. The optical band-gap energies, Urbach energies, and linear refractive indices of all the films are derived from the transmittance spectrum. Following the single oscillator model, the dispersion parameters such as the average oscillator energy (E-0) and dispersion energy (E-d) are achieved. The energy band gap and refractive indices are found to decrease with introducing the dopants of Al, Ga, and In, which is useful for the band-gap engineering and optical waveguide devices. The refractive index dispersion parameter (E-0/S-0) increases and the chemical bonding quantity (beta) decreases in all the films compared with those of bulk. It is supposed to be caused by the nanosize grains in films. (c) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI 10.1063/1.3138813]

Effect of incorporating nonlanthanoidal indium on optical properties of ferroelectric Bi4Ti3O12 thin films

Bi4Ti3O12 (BTO) and Bi3.25In0.75Ti3O12 (BTO:In) thin films were prepared on fused quartz and LaNiO3/Si (LNO) substrates by chemical solution deposition (CSD). Their microstructures, ferroelectric and optical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, ferroelectric tester and UV-visible-NIR spectrophotometer, respectively. The optical band-gaps of the films were found to be 3.64 and 3.45 eV for the BTO and BTO:In films, respectively. Optical constants (refractive indexes and extinction coefficients) were determined from the optical transmittance spectra using the envelope method. Following the single electronic oscillator model, the single oscillator energy E-0, the dispersion energy E-d, the average interband oscillator wavelength lambda(0), the average oscillator strength S-0, the refractive index dispersion parameter (E-0/S-0), the chemical bonding quantity beta, and the long wavelength refractive index n(infinity) were obtained and analyzed. Both the refractive index and extinction coefficient of the BTO:In films are smaller than those of the BTO films. Furthermore, the refractive index dispersion parameter (E-0/S-0) increases and the chemical bonding quantity beta decreases in the BTO and BTO:In films compared with those of bulk. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Preparation and Optical Properties of Gold Nanowire Arrays

Gold nanowires with diameters (d) between,15 run and 200 urn and with length/diameter ratio of 700 were prepared in ion-track templates with electrode position method. The morphology and crystal structure of the gold nanowires were Studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The 200 nm (d) gold nanowires preferred orientation along the [100] direction were formed at the deposition voltage of 1.5 V (Without reference electrode). The optical properties of gold nanowire arrays embedded in ion-track templates were studied by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. There was a strong absorption peak at 539 nm for 45 nm (d) gold nanowire arrays. With the diameter of gold nanowires increasing, the absorption peak shifted to the longer wavelength. At last, the result was discussed combined with surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles.

ZnO clusters encapsulated inside micropores of zeolites studied by UV Raman and laser-induced luminescence spectroscopies

Using microporous zeolites as host, sub-nanometric ZnO clusters were prepared in the micropores of the host by the incipient wetness impregnation method. A small amount of sub-nanometric ZnO clusters were introduced into the channels of HZSM-5 zeolite, whereas a large quantity of sub-nanometric ZnO clusters can be accommodated in the supercages of HY zeolite and no macrocrystalline ZnO exists on the extra surface of the HY material. The vibrations of the zeolite framework and ZnO were characterized by UV Raman spectroscopy. The optical properties of these ZnO clusters were studied by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and laser-induced luminescence spectroscopy. It is found that there are strong host-guest interactions between the framework oxygen atoms of zeolite and ZnO clusters influencing the motions of the framework oxygen atoms. The interaction may be the reason why ZnO clusters are stabilized in the pores of zeolites. Different from bulk ZnO materials, these sub-nanometric ZnO clusters exhibit their absorption onset below 265 nm and show a purple luminescence band (centered at 410-445 nm) that possesses high quantum efficiency and quantum size effect. This purple luminescence band most likely originates from the coordinatively unsaturated Zn sites in sub-nanometric ZnO clusters. On the other hand, the differences in the pore structure between HZSM-5 and HY zeolites cause the absorption edge and the purple luminescence band of ZnO clusters in ZnO/HZSM-5 show a red shift in comparison with those of ZnO clusters in ZnO/HY.

Characterization of iron atoms in the framework of MFI-type zeolites by UV resonance Raman spectroscopy

Silicalite-I, ZSM-5, and Fe-ZSM-5 zeolites prepared from two different silicon sources are characterized by UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron spin resonance (ESR), and UV/visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV/Vis DRS). A new technique for investigating zeolitic structure, UV resonance Raman spectroscopy selectively enhances the Raman bands associated with framework iron atoms incorporated into MFI-type zeolites, and it is very sensitive in identifying the iron atoms in the framework of zeolites, while other techniques such as XRD, ESR, and UV/Vis DRS have failed in uncovering trace amounts of iron atoms in the framework of zeolites. (C) 2000 Academic Press.

带电胶体粒子结晶过程的实验研究

利用带电单分散聚苯乙烯胶体粒子,通过自组装机理,制备了体积百分比为4·8%的具有多晶结构的胶体晶体,并用Kossel衍射技术和紫外可见分光光度计分别对晶体的生长过程进行了监测.通过对Kossel的图像分析检测不同阶段相应的晶格结构,发现胶体结晶过程晶体结构演变顺序为由液态—随机层结构—堆无序结构—面心立方孪晶结构到面心立方结构.定量地确定了结晶过程中晶体不同晶面的晶面间距和晶体的晶格常数,通过紫外可见分光光度计测量的晶体透射谱图,计算得到111晶面的晶面间距和晶体的晶格常数,与用Kossel衍射技术得到的结果相一致,还发现随样品放置时间的延长,衰减峰变窄和加深,并向短波方向移动,对应着晶体的晶格常数减小的现象.

Determination of the absorption for incident light propagating parallel through the guest-host polymer film waveguide

Guest host polymer thin films of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) incorporated with (4'-nitrobenzene)-3-azo-9-ethylcarbazole (NAEC) were fabricated by spin coating and then poled by the method of corona-onset poling at elevated temperature. The absorption mechanism of the polymeric film, which is very important for the optical transmission losses and directly relates to the orientation of chromophore NAEC in polymer PMMA, was investigated in detail. From the UV-visible absorption spectra for NAEC/PMMA film before and after being poled, we determined the change of absorption coefficient kappa with the wavelength and approximately calculated the maximum absorption A(parallel tomax) as 3.46 for incident light propagating parallel through the film, i.e. the ordinary polarized light, which cannot be directly measured in the spectro photometer. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Optical properties of NAEC-PMMA nonlinear polymeric thin film

Novel guest nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophore molecules (4-nitrobenzene)-3-azo-9-ethylcarbazole (NAEC) were doped in poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) host with a concentration of approximately 15% by weight. For a useful macroscopic electro-optic (EO) effect, these NLO molecules NAEC were arranged in a noncentrosymmetric structure in the host polymer by corona-onset poling at elevated temperature (COPET). For applying NAEC-PMMA polymer in optical devices such as EO switch, its optical properties have been investigated. The UV/Visible absorption spectra for the unpoled and poled polymer film were determined. The refractive index of the film was also determined from measurements of the coupling angles with the reflective intensity at 632.8 nm wavelength. Using the simple reflection technique, the EO coefficient 33 value was measured as 60 pm/V at 632.8 nm wavelength. The second-order nonlinear coefficient d(33) was characterized by the second-harmonic-generation (SHG) experimental setup and the calculated d(33) value reached 18.4 pm/V at 1064 nm wavelength. The relation between the second-order nonlinear coefficients d(33) and d(13) for the poled polymer film was also discussed in detail and the ratio d(33)/d(13) value was obtained as 3.3. (C) 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Effect of dopant concentration on photocatalytic activity of TiO2 film doped by Mn non-uniformly

The thin films of TiO2 doped by Mn non-uniformly were prepared by sol-gel method under process control. In our preceding study, we investigated in detail, the effect of doping mode on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 films showing that Mn non-uniform doping can greatly enhance the activity. In this study we looked at the effect of doping concentration on the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 films. In this paper, the thin films were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometer and electrochemical workstation. The activity of the photocatalyst was also evaluated by photocatalytic degradation rate of aqueous methyl orange under UV radiation. The results illustrate that the TiO2 thin film doped by Mn non-uniformly at the optimal dopant concentration (0.7 at %) is of the highest activity, and on the contrary, the activity of those doped uniformly is decreased. As a comparison, in 80 min, the degradation rate of methyl orange is 62 %, 12 % and 34 % for Mn non-uniform doping film (0.7 at %), the uniform doping film (0.7 at %) and pure titanium dioxide film, respectively. We have seen that, for the doping and the pure TiO2 films, the stronger signals of open circuit potential and transient photocurrent, the better photocatalytic activity. We also discusse the effect of dopant concentration on the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 films in terms of effective separation of the photon-generated carriers in the semiconductor. (C) Versita Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. All rights reserved.

Polarization multiplexing holographic optical recording of a new photochromic diarylethene

A new unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene 1a is synthesized, and the photochromic properties of it are also investigated. The compound exhibits good photochromism with UV/ visible light irradiation. Compound 1a in polymethyl methacrylate ( PMMA ) film changes color upon 313- nm light irradiation from colorless to blue, in which the absorption maximum is observed at 587 nm. Photon- mode polarization multiplexing holographic optical recording is performed successfully using this compound as a recording medium. In the diarylethene 1b/ PMMA film, polarization multiplexing hologram recording and retrieval, and a combination with the angular multiplexing scheme, are demonstrated systematically. The results indicate that recording capacity can be significantly improved with the combined method of polarization and angular multiplexing holographic recording. (C) 2008 Society of Photo- Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

二维纳米粒子阵列的制备及其拉曼光谱研究

随着纳米科学的迅速发展，金属纳米粒子以其独特的性能己被广泛应用于各学科的研究，由此发展起来的纳米物理、纳米化学、纳米材料和纳米电子学等新兴领域已经成为十分活跃的前沿研究方向。在纳米粒子的许多应用中，如：作为电子和光学器件中的结构组分，表面增强光谱中的基底，生物和化学传感器，都需要把纳米粒子固定在一个基底上构筑成一维，二维或三维有序的结构。本论文通过合成不同性质的金、银纳米粒子，采用自组装技术，在金属，玻璃和导电玻璃的表面成功构筑了有序的纳米结构，并研究由此带来的一系列新颖的光学性质及其作为新型的增强基底在表面增强拉曼光谱中的应用。本论文主要研究内容和结论如下：1、通过合成粒度分布均匀，性能稳定的金属银溶胶，利用自组装技术在玻璃表面成功构筑银纳米粒子的二维亚单层结构，利用UV一visible技术，发现在组装结构中银纳米粒子之间的相互作用对偶极子表面等离子体共振有较大的影响，这也可能意味着相邻银粒子间电磁场的增强与银粒子的偶极子模式间的偶合密切相关。2、利用自组装方法，分别在工T0电极和光滑银基底表面构筑了银纳米粒子有序结构，通过与分子吸附在粗糙银电极表面得到的增强拉曼光谱比较，在有序银纳米粒子组装体中藕联分子的拉曼散射得到很大增强，其特征谱峰的峰位置和强度都有变化。组装体中祸联分子对琉基苯胺（PATP）拉曼散射的增强归因于银粒子和银表面之间的电磁祸合，并且电磁场主要集中在银粒子和银基底表面之间的这一区域，即银粒子的局域等离子体（LSP）与银基底的表面等离子激元（SPP）的祸合作用。3、合成具有不同化学性质的银纳米粒子，利用对琉基苯胺作为祸联分子在光滑银基底表面构筑了Ag/PATP／Ag银纳米粒子二维组装阵列。利用表面增强拉曼光谱技术发现银溶胶中不同性质的银纳米粒子，即银溶胶纳米粒子表面吸附的阴离子对藕联分子与银基底之间的电荷传递有着重要的影响。4、利用表面增强拉曼光谱技术，发现苯功能衍生物：苯硫酚，对琉基苯胺和对苯硫酚在粗糙银电极上有着不同的吸附取向：苯硫酚是直立吸附，对琉基苯胺则是垂直吸附在银表面，而对苯硫酚采取平躺的吸附构像。5、利用电化学沉积法，在对琉基苯胺修饰的光滑的银电极表面构筑了银纳米粒子的有序二维结构，通过与利用自组装方法构筑的银粒子阵列中祸联分子表面增强拉曼光谱的研究比较，发现银离子在吸附层修饰的银电极表面进行电化学沉积可能采取两种机理：在双电层附近，溶液中的阴离子参予了整个过程，银粒子与基底之间存在静电吸引作用；银离子直接在吸附分子的氨基表面还原并成键，然后进一步的生长。6、利用电化学沉积法，在金纳米粒子表面沉积了一层汞，SEM，UV－vis及电化学实验证明在具有修饰层的导电玻璃（PVP一ITO）电极上成功合成了汞包金纳米粒子阵列，将汞电极表面的研究拓展到了分子水平。利用金纳米粒子产生的增强电磁场可以研究吸附在汞包金纳米粒子上的分子的表面增强拉曼光谱，简单分子对琉基苯胺在金纳米粒子阵列及汞包金纳米粒子阵列上采取同样的吸附方式，而复杂分子结晶紫在汞包金纳米粒子上采取一种接近平躺的方式吸附，而在金纳米粒子表面则是倾斜吸附的方式。进一步将汞包金纳米粒子阵列电极应用到分子的现场谱学中，从而为更好的理解汞电极上的电化学过程打下了基础。

MeV离子辐照聚酰亚胺的化学结构及电性能转变

在室温真空条件下,用北京大学离子注入机提供的3 MeV Si~+对厚度大约25μm的电绝缘聚酰亚胺(PI/Kapton)进行了表面改性,通过紫外可见光谱分析(UV/Visible)、傅立叶转换红外光谱分析(FTIR)及电性能测量,研究了不同离子注量(1×10~(12)—1×10~(15)cm~(-2))下注入层中聚酰亚胺各官能团的化学降解及石墨化结构转变机制。红外结果表明,官能团随离子注入量的增加指数降解,并通过实验点的拟合给出了典型分子键的损伤截面。辐照后聚合物的导电性发生了巨大变化,在我们的实验中,聚酰亚胺的面电阻与未辐照样相比下降了近10个数量级,呈现出半导体的电特性。紫外光谱中吸收边缘从紫外到可见区的红移表明了光能隙的逐渐减小,这是由于芳香团尺寸的增加而引起的。