Solving MIN UR problem by triangle evolution algorithm with archiving and niche techniques

In this paper, as an extension of minimum unsatisfied linear relations problem (MIN ULR), the minimum unsatisfied relations (MIN UR) problem is investigated. A triangle evolution algorithm with archiving and niche techniques is proposed for MIN UR problem. Different with algorithms in literature, it solves MIN problem directly, rather than transforming it into many sub-problems. The proposed algorithm is also applicable for the special case of MIN UR, in which it involves some mandatory relations. Numerical results show that the algorithm is effective for MIN UR problem and it outperforms Sadegh's algorithm in sense of the resulted minimum inconsistency number, even though the test problems are linear.

~(94)Mo高自旋态能级纲图(英文)

通过重离子融合蒸发反应16 O(82 Se +4n) 94 Mo布局了94 Mo核的高自旋态 .利用多探头探测器阵列GASP进行了在束γ测量 ,从而重新研究了94 Mo核的高自旋态能级结构 .基于新发现的一些重要的连接跃迁 ,对94 Mo核的高自旋态能级纲图做了重要修改 .将新的能级结构与壳模型计算进行了比较和讨论 .结果表明要正确的描述94 Mo核的高自旋态 (自旋值大于 14 )能级结构 ,应考虑价中子在d5/ 2 ,g7/ 2 和h11/ 2 轨道上的激发 .

High-spin level structure in Mo-94,Mo-95

High-spin level structures of 94,95Mo have been reinvestigated via the 16O(82Se, xnγ)94,95Mo(x = 4, 3) reactions at E(82Se) = 460 MeV. The previously reported level schemes of these two nuclei have been largely modified up to ∼11 MeV in excitation energy due to identifications of some important linking transitions. Shellmodel calculations have been made in the model space of π(p1/2, g9/2, d5/2)4 and ν(d5/2, s1/2, d3/2, g7/2, h11/2)2(3) and compared with the modified level schemes. The structures of the newly assigned high-spin states in 94,95Mo have been discussed.

海北高寒湿地地气长、短波辐射的季节变化特征

利用2004年微气象观测资料，分析了海北高寒湿地长、短波辐射以及地表反射率（A）和光合有效辐射（PAR）占太阳总辐射（DR）比例（η）的变化特征。结果表明，海北高寒湿地长、短波辐射均具有明显的季节变化。DR在12月最低，4月最高。PAR在12月最低，7月最高。受下垫面性质影响，反射辐射（UR）和A在1～2月明显大于其他季节，7～10月小，A在植物生长季节的5～9月平均值为0．172，年平均值为0．299。地面长波辐射（DLR）、大气逆辐射（ULR）和净辐射（Rn）的最低值均出现在1月，最大值出现时期则不同，DLR与Rn均出现在6月，而ULR出现在8月。地面有效辐射（ELR）无明显的季节变化。叩的季节变化比较弱，7月最高值为0．434，1月最低值为0．316，年平均值为0．40。

植物生长季海北高寒湿地辐射收支特征

依据祁连山海北高寒湿地植物生长期观测资料, 分析了区域辐射收支情况及其变化特征. 结果表明: 祁连山海北高寒湿地有较强的太阳总辐射(DR), 但地表反射辐射(UR)、地面有效辐射(ELR)较低;地表长波辐射(ULR)、大气逆辐射(DLR)、净辐射(Rn)均较高, 且具有明显的日、季节变化. 植物生长期5～9月的日变化振幅DR＞Rn＞UR＞ULR＞DLR＞ELR, 其总量表现出ULR＞DLR＞DR＞Rn＞UR＞ELR, 分别达4650.6、 4225.5、 3058.8、 2156.2、 477.6和425.1 MJ•m-2. 从月际分布来看, ULR、 DLR、 DR最高出现在7月, Rn出现在6月, UR出现在5月, ELR出现在8月, 分别为980.3、 913.1、 721.5、 554.9、 112.1和127.4 MJ•m-2.

Influence of grazing intensity on performance of perennial grass mixtures in the alpine region of the Tibetan Plateau

Effects of grazing intensity on leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn), specific leaf area (SLA), individual tiller density, sward leaf area index (LAI), harvested herbage DM, and species composition in grass mixtures (Clinelymus nutans + Bromus inermis, Elymus nutans + Bromus inermis + Agropyron cristatum and Elymus nutans + Clinelymus nutans + Bromus inermis + Agropyron cristatum) were studied in the alpine region of the Tibetan Plateau. Four grazing intensities (GI), expressed as feed utilisation rates (UR) by Tibetan lambs were imposed as follows: (1) no grazing; (2) 30% UR as light grazing; (3) 50% UR as medium grazing; and (4) 70% UR as high grazing. Leaf Pn rate and tiller density of grasses increased (P < 0.05), while sward LAI and harvested herbage DM declined (P < 0.05) with the increments of GI, although no effect of GI on SLA was observed. With increasing GI, Elymus nutans and Clinelymus nutans increased but Bromus inermis and Agropyron cristatum decreased in swards, LAI and DM contribution. Whether being grazed or not, Elymus nutans + Clinelymus nutans + Bromus inermis + Agropyron cristatum was the most productive sward among the grass mixtures. Thus, two well-performed grass species (Elymus nutans and Clinelymus nutans) and the most productive mixture of four species should be investigated further as the new feed resources in the alpine grazing system of the Tibetan Plateau. Light grazing intensity of 30% UR was recommended for these grass mixtures when swards, LAI, herbage DM harvested, and species compatibility were taken into account.