利用底栖动物评价图们江污染的研究

作者于1977年8月至1979年8月在图们江上中游的9个采样点上,主要使用人工基质采样器采集底栖无脊椎动物。结果证明图们江底栖动物比较丰富,出现的主要种类属于襀翅目、蜉蝣目的稚虫,毛翅目幼虫,摇蚊科幼虫和水栖寡毛类。其中崇善江段种类多,表现出明显的多样性。根据三年来所收集到的资料,计算了Trent生物指数,Chandler记分制以及Shannon多样性指数,并对图们江的污染状况作出生物学评价,上游地段属于清洁水到中污染;中游地段在污染源以下至图们站属于重污染;自河东站开始,水质又明显好转,属于轻污染。

Energetic basis of molecular recognition in a DNA aptamer

The thermal stability and ligand binding properties of the L-argininamide-binding DNA aptamer (5'-GATCGAAACGTAGCGCCTTCGATC3') were studied by spectroscopic and calorimetric methods. Differential calorimetric studies showed that the uncomplexed aptamer melted in a two-state reaction with a melting temperature T-m = 50.2 +/- 0.2 degrees C and a folding enthalpy Delta H degrees(fold) = -49.0 +/- 2.1 kcal mol(-1). These values agree with values of T-m = 49.6 degrees C and Delta H degrees(fold) = -51.2 kcal mol(-1) predicted for a simple hairpin structure. Melting of the uncomplexed aptamer was dependent upon salt concentration, but independent of strand concentration. The T of aptamer melting was found to increase as L-argininamide concentrations increased. Analysis of circular dichroism titration data using a single-site binding model resulted in the determination of a binding free energy Delta G degrees(bind) = -5.1 kcal mol(-1). Isothermal titration calorimetry studies revealed an exothermic binding reaction with Delta H degrees(bind) = -8.7 kcal mol(-1). Combination of enthalpy and free energy produce ail unfavorable entropy of -T Delta S degrees = +3.6 kcal mol(-1). A molar heat capacity change of -116 cal mol(-1) K-1 was determined from calorimetric measurements at four temperatures over the range of 15-40 degrees C. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to explore the structures of the unligated and ligated aptamer structures.