The Influence of Strain Gradient on the shear Band in a Saturated Soil

The dynamic localization of saturated soil is investigated by considering the influence of higher strain gradient. It is shown that the strain gradient has a significant influence on the evolution of shear band in saturated soil and that the width of shear band is proportional to the square root of the strain gradient softening coefficient. The numerical simulation is processed to investigate the influences of shear strain gradient and other factors on the evolution of shear band.

The Effect of the Thickness of Fe2 Al5 Phase Layer at Fe/Al Interface on the Mechanics Behavior of Hot Dip Aluminizing Coating

Hot Dip Aluminized Coatings with different thickness were prepared on Q235 steel in aluminum solutions with different temperature for certain time. Through tensile tests and in-situ SEM observations, the effect of the coating's microstructure on the tensile strength of the samples was studied. It was disclosed at certain aluminum solution temperature,transaction layers mainly composed of Fe2 Al5 phase got thicker with time prolonging, and this changed initial crack's extending direction from parallel with to vertical with stretching direction. The change in crack direction decreased tensile strength of samples, thus made the coating easy to break. It was concluded that the existence of thick Fe2 Al5 phase layer was the basic reason for the lowering of tensile strength of the coating.

Web Services Workflows—Composition, Co-Ordination, and Transactions in Service-Oriented Computing

Web services can be seen as a newly emerging research area for Service-oriented Computing and their implementation in Service-oriented Architectures. Web services are self-contained, self-describing modular applications or components providing services. Web services may be dynamically aggregated, composed, and enacted as Web services Workflows. This requires frameworks and interaction protocols for their co-ordination and transaction support. In a Service-oriented Computing setting, transactions are more complex, involve multiple parties (roles), span many organizations, and may be long-running, consisting of a highly decentralized service partner and performed by autonomous entities. A Service-oriented Transaction Model has to provide comprehensive support for long-running propositions including negotiations, conversations, commitments, contracts, tracking, payments, and exception handling. Current transaction models and mechanisms including their protocols and primitives do not sufficiently cater for quality-aware and long running transactions comprising loosely-coupled (federated) service partners and resources. Web services transactions require co-ordination behavior provided by a traditional transaction mechanism to control the operations and outcome of an application. Furthermore, Web services transactions require the capability to handle the co-ordination of processing outcomes or results from multiple services in a more flexible manner. This requires more relaxed forms of transactions—those that do not strictly have to abide by the ACID properties—such as loosely-coupled collaboration and workflows. Furthermore, there is a need to group Web services into applications that require some form of correlation, but do not necessarily require transactional behavior. The purpose of this paper is to provide a state-of-the-art review and overview of some proposed standards surrounding Web services composition, co-ordination, and transaction. In particular the Business Process Execution Language for Web services (BPEL4WS), its co-ordination, and transaction frameworks (WS-Co-ordination and WS-Transaction) are discussed.

一种任务类型敏感的J2EE事务调度算法

J2EE(Java 2 platform enterprise edition)是构建分布式企业应用的基础中间件平台,当前的J2EE事务对资源的访问调度仍然是简单的先来先服务策略,导致服务器负载很重时,次要任务和关键任务争夺有限的资源,降低了关键任务的性能与成功率.为此,有必要识别任务类型,在资源不足时优先保证关键任务事务的执行.但提交给J2EE的事务基于交互方式执行,且缺乏必要的调度信息,因而不能简单地沿用已有的优先级驱动调度算法.提出一种新的事务调度算法TMPBP(threaded multi-queue priority-based protocol),该算法能够安全、有效地提高系统重负载情况下关键事务的服务质量,防止饥饿和优先级倒置.TMPBP包含了一种新的启发式优先级分派算法HRS(heuristic resource statistics),可以在调度信息缺乏的J2EE环境下动态识别关键事务.结果表明,通过合理地选择参数,TMPBP算法能够显著地提高关键事务的服务质量.

J2EE平台的扩展事务模型支持框架

随着Internet和分布计算的发展,应用趋向于分布、松耦合和复杂化,平面事务模型已经越来越不适应于这些新型的应用,因此出现了多种扩展事务模型.但目前的研究多关注于特定应用环境的模型的提出和分析,同时由于受数据源接口的限制,难以实现事务模型的一些扩展原语,所以真正实现扩展事务模型的系统很少.提出了一种J2EE平台下的扩展事务模型支持框架,通过增强事务管理器的数据并发控制,实现了对常见扩展事务模型的支持.

分布事务监控器集群框架研究

介绍了在分布事务监控器OnceTX中采用的服务器/集群管理器/应用域管理器的三层集群结构,并给出了两级负载平衡策略和自适应的域间拓扑结构管理算法。它们已在OnceTX中实现,并达到了预期的目的。

pessimistic predicate/transform model for long running business processes

Many business processes in enterprise applications are both long running and transactional in nature. However, no current transaction model can provide full transaction support for such long running business processes. This paper proposes a new transaction model, the pessimistic predicate/transform (PP/T) model, which can provide full transaction support for long running business processes. A framework was proposed on the enterprise JavaBeans platform to implement the PP/T model. The framework enables application developers to focus on the business logic, with the underlying platform providing the required transactional semantics. The development and maintenance effort are therefore greatly reduced. Simulations show that the model has a sound concurrency management ability for long running business processes.

事务处理技术综述

事务处理技术是保证信息可靠性和一致性的重要技术。事务是具有ACID(atomicity, consistency, isolationanddurability)特性的原子操作序列，它的概念最早来湖泊于数据库管理系统，用来保证应用程序对数据库访问的一致性和可靠性。在早期应用中，商用DBMS系统内部集成的事务管理器提供应用所需的事务处理功能。随着网络技术的发展以及应用需求的变化，以往集中式应用演化发展为网络分布应用，数据和处理分布在不同的计算机上。此时事务管理功能由专门的中间件（例如事务监控器）提供，事务处理技术也发展为分布式事务处理。

一种基于强可有序化标准的长事务调度算法

现有的长事务并发机制在解决并发冲突和回滚时往往需要依赖于人工干预，且故障恢复的代价较高．提出了一种面向长事务的调度正确性标准——强可有序化标准，并提出了基于该标准的长事务调度算法．该算法利用事务的语义知识以提高事务的并发效率，同时使得长事务的恢复机制大为简化，且回滚代价大大降低．实验结果表明该算法对长事务具有较好的并发处理效果和恢复效率．

高性能可扩展分布事务服务的研究和实现

分布事务服务是应用服务器的关键服务之一，其处理效率直接影响应用服务器的性能．本文主要讨论J2EE框架下分布事务管理器ISTX的设计，介绍了为获得良好的可扩展性和可移植性而采用的技术；同时讨论了ISTX的性能优化策略及其实现．实验数据表明，ISTX的高性能设计在保证可靠性的前提下，较大程度地提高了分布事务服务的性能．

分布事务服务的一致性测试

作为J2EE应用服务器重要组成部分的分布事务管理器主要用于提供分布环境下的事务处理能力。文章拓宽了协议一致性测试的理论和技术的应用范围，探讨了分布事务服务的一致性测试，也给出了分布事务服务的形式化描述和非荃于经验的测试序列的生成方案。