10 resultados para Tanshinone iia

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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Group IIA secretory phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2)-II) is generally known to display potent grampositive bactericidal activity, while group IA sPLA(2) (sPLA(2)-I) reportedly is not. In this work, a novel sPLA(2)-I named BFPA was identified from Bungarus fas

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Group IIA phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) are major components in Viperidae/Crotalidae venom. In the present study, a novel PLA(2) named promutoxin with Arg at the site 49 has been purified from the venom of Protobothrops muerosquamatus by chromatography. It

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The genes encoding type II DNA topoisomerases were investigated in Giardia lamblia genome, and a type IIA gene, GlTop 2 was identified. It is a single copy gene with a 4476 by long ORF without intron. The deduced amino acid sequence shows strong homology to eukaryotic DNA Top 2. However, some distortions were found, such as six insertions in the ATPase domain and the central domain, a similar to 100 as longer central domain; a similar to 200 as shorter C-terminal domain containing rich charged residues. These features revealed by comparing with Top 2 of the host, human, might be helpful in exploiting drug selectivity for antigiardial therapy. Phylogenetic analysis of eukaryotic enzymes showed that kinetoplastids, plants, fungi, and animals were monophyletic groups, and the animal and fungi lineages shared a more recent common ancestor than either did with the plant lineage; microsporidia grouped with fungi. However, unlike many previous phylogenetic analyses, the "amitochondriate" G. lamblia was not the earliest branch but diverged after mitochondriate kinetoplastids in our trees. Both the finding of typical eukaryotic type IIA topoisomerase and the phylogenetic analysis suggest G. lamblia is not possibly as primitive as was regarded before and might diverge after the acquisition of mitochondria. This is consistent with the recent discovery of mitochondrial remnant organelles in G. lamblia.

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拓扑异构酶(topoisomerase)是一类控制和修改双螺旋DNA复制和转录过程中的拓扑结构的酶,是生命活动中最重要的酶。以IA类和II类拓扑异构酶中共存的toprim以及CAP-like结构域为研究对象,对拓扑异构酶中的三大类酶的分子进化情况进行了分析。结果显示在IA类和II类酶之间序列保守性很低,但是具有两个保守的结构域,在IIB类拓扑异构酶中toprim结构域中存在着和其他toprim结构域相同的四个保守位点,而在CAP-like结构域中IA类和II类中存在较大差异,没有明显的序列保守性,IIB类和IIA类的CAP-like结构域在二级结构上非常相似。从toprim结构域系统进化研究中我们发现IIA类和皿类中toprim结构域的进化关系很近,两类酶的toprim结构域在亲缘关系上和primase较远,而以上三者和IA类的进化关系最远。CAP-like结构域的系统进化研究发现IIA类以及IA类的domain4的CAP-like结构域进化关系比较近,IIB类和他们之间关系稍微远一些,IA类的domain3和以上几个结构域的关系较远,这也与他们的二级结构上的一致性是相同的。通过分析,IIA、IIB类起源于类似IA类的古老的拓扑异构酶,'在IA类进化中经过基因复制产生了两个不同的CAP-like结构域。然后祖先拓扑异构酶发生了变化,N'端加入了ATPase结构域和DNAgyrase/Mutlsecond结构域,形成了严格依赖ATP供能的真核生物IIA类,在细菌中断开成为两个亚基的细菌中IIA类。IIB类是祖先细胞的IIA类的一个或者是两个亚单位在古细菌以及真核生物中通过复制、重组和缺失造成的,IIB类中的toprim结构域很接近IIA类,可以认为,llB类中的toPrim结构域直接由IIA类转移而来,而IIB类中的cAP一1汰e结构域较IIA类中产生更早一些,应该是由拓扑异构酶祖先中产生的二级结构为aβaaββ的CAP-like结构域直接进化而来。然而,两个结构域的基因在连接到一起时候发生了不同于一般顺序的拼接,于是nB类中两个结构域形成了不同于现在的IA类和IIA类的顺序。

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A new fluorinated diamine monomer, [1,4-bis(4-amino-3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)benzene (2)], and a known isomeric analog 1,4-bis(4-amino-2-trifluoromethylphenoxy)benzene (3) were synthesized. A series of organosoluble polyimides Ia-d and IIa were prepared from the diamines (2, 3) and dianhydrides (a-d) by a high-temperature one-step method. The effects of the trifluoromethyl substituents on the properties of polyimides were evaluated through the study of their soluble, thermal, optical, and gas permeability properties. Polyimides (Ia-d) had glass transition temperatures between 229 and 279 degrees C, and the temperatures at 5% weight loss ranged from 510 to 533 degrees C under nitrogen. These polyimides could be cast into flexible and tough membranes from DMAc solutions. The membranes had tensile strengths in the range of 137-169 MPa, tensile modulus in the range of 1.6-2.2 GPa and elongations at break from 11% to 14%. The polyimide la with trifluoromethyl groups ortho to the imide nitrogen exhibited enhanced gas permeability, solubility, transparency, and thermal stability compared with the isomeric polyimide IIa with the CF3 group meta to the imide nitrogen.

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Reaction of [Ph(4)P]2WS4 With NiCl2 in methanol solution in the presence of NaOCH3 leads to the formation of [Ph(4)P](2) [S2W(mu-S)(2)Ni(S-2)] (I) A Similar reaction between (NH4)(2)WS4 and NiCl2 under O-2 atmosphere in the presence of Ph(4)PCl or (n)Bu(4)NCl affords [Ph(4)P](2)([(S-2)W(O)(mu-S)(2)]Ni-2] (IIa) and [(n)Bu(4)N](2)([(S-2)W(O)(mu-S)(2)]Ni-2} (IIb) Under argon the same reaction gives [Ph(4)P](2)[Ni(WS4)(2)] (IIIa) and [(n)Bu(4)N](2)[Ni(WS4)(2)] (IIIb). [Ph(4)P](2)[Ni(WOS3)(2)] (IV) and [Ph(4)P](2)[Ni(WO2S2)(2)] (V) can be prepared from the reaction of [Ph(4)P]2WOS3 and [Ph(4)P]2WO2S2 with NiCl2. Treatment of (NH4)(2)WS4 with CuCl in the presence of PPh(3) in boiling pyridine produces W(mu-S)(4)Cu-2(PPh(3))(3) (VI), which can further react with excess PPh(3) to give W(mu-S)(4)Cu-2(PPh(3))(4) . py (VII). Complex I crystallizes in the space group P2(1)/n with the cell parameters: a = 20.049(4), b = 17.010(4), c = 14.311(7) Angstrom; beta = 110.24(3)degrees and Z = 4; R = 0.058 for 4267 independent reflections. The structural study confirms that complex I contains two terminal sulfide ligands, two bridging sulfide ligands, a side-on disulfide ligand, and a planar central W(mu-S)(2)Ni four membered ring. Complex VII crystallizes in the space group C2/c with the cell parameters: a = 26.436(8), b = 20.542(6), c = 19.095(8) Angstrom; beta = 125.00(3)degrees and Z = 4; R = 0.080 for 3802 independent reflections. The structural study reveals a perfect linear arrangement of the three metal atoms Cu-W-Cu.

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本论文首次报道了在珊瑚礁向海坡上投放沉积物捕捉器的结果和若干非生源要素如Mo、W、Re、Os、Ni、Ir等在泻湖内外的垂直通量,并在国内首次报道了珊瑚活体培养的结果。将海水、沉降颗粒物、生物和泻湖表层沉积物统一进行系统的研究,重点讨论了珊瑚礁营养动力学过程和维持高生产力的机制等问题。主要的研究内容和结果包括:1. 物理动力过程对营养物质的循环有重要影响物理因素尤其是海水的动力过程更可能是珊瑚礁生长的限制性因素。南沙珊瑚礁的形态及其相关的沉积环境明显受本海区物理过程(海洋和大气)的控制。与此相适应,珊瑚礁生态系统造就了有效保持和快速吸收营养盐的特性。泻湖海水中营养盐分布明显受到泻湖水运动方式的影响,尤其是PO_4-P。2. 营养物质的循环具有快速高效和不均衡的特点 对渚碧礁生源要素的生物地球化学循环研究表明,快速分解、高效再利用是珊瑚礁总生产力很高,净生产力却较低的主要原因。渚碧礁泻湖内两个站的POC分别有93.55%和95.83%在进入沉积物前被消耗,能真正进入沉积物中的却很少。其中99%左右的生物碎屑POC通过生物捕食或腐解作用转变为无机碳重新进入循环。珊瑚礁生态系的高生产力主要是依靠其系统内部快速而高效的再生循环过程维持的。营养盐的原位再生是珊瑚礁营养盐的主要来源,泻湖内PTN和PON释放率分别超过90%和86%;PTP释放率为58.7%~85.2%,多数站位POP的释放率在90%以上。泻湖水中N:P摩尔比平均值仅为8.1,可能存在着氮限制。而在礁坪区,N:P摩尔比的日平均值为26.7,磷的限制作用非常明显。整体来看,氮在泻湖内进入再循环的速度和效率要高于磷2.5~12.8 倍,由于磷缺乏类似于生物固氮作用的持续的供氮机制,磷在珊瑚礁生态系中的限制作用更为明显,至少在礁坪区是如此。珊瑚活体培养的实验表明,珊瑚也存在着短时间里大量消耗营养盐的“奢侈消费”现象。珊瑚对营养盐的吸收速度与营养盐的浓度和珊瑚的种类均有关系。添加营养盐起始浓度高的组营养盐消耗的速度快,与之相适应,其它的各种溶解性营养盐浓度也产生复杂的变化,对迅速稳定水体营养盐浓度产生协同作用,这一过程有助于珊瑚充分吸收突然输入的营养盐。在此实验条件下,珊瑚对含氮盐类的浓度变化要比对磷酸盐更为敏感,可以认为NH_4-N是珊瑚生长的限制性营养盐。在自然界中,这种情况常发生在有大量营养盐输入之后。实验中还发现,对营养盐的吸收速度比营养盐水平更为重要。吸收速度快于某种形态限制性营养盐的输入速度也会导致珊瑚的死亡。反过来讲,珊瑚礁系统可以通过降低对营养盐的消费速度而摆脱营养盐的限制。3. 非生源要素的循环也与生物过种密切相关 非生源要素在海洋颗粒物、生物和沉积物中的分布主要受两种作用的影响,一是颗粒物在生产、沉降和分解过程中的吸附释放作用,另一种是生物的直接利用。颗粒物对IIA族、过渡族的大部分和La系元素都是分布的制约性因素。而IA族、过渡族的一部分和部分非金属元素分布上属于营养盐型,主要受浮游生物直接吸收溶解的盐类(浮游植物)和捕食作用(浮游动物)的影响。轻元素、第四周期的过渡族元素在含量和性质上往往有别于重元素和其它周期的同族过渡元素,更多的参与生物过程。元素分析进一步显示珊瑚礁泻湖内沉降颗粒物主要是自生碎屑,而礁外沉降颗粒物包含了一部分再悬浮的碎屑矿物,但元素在泻湖内外的转移机制是类似的,造成颗粒物来源差别的主要原因是动力学因素。水动力始终是颗粒物中元素垂直转移的主要的、关键性的因素。对于营养盐型的元素,生物的捕食富集是另一个主要控制因素。4. 多种机制的协同作用维持了珊瑚礁生态系的高生产力 考虑到珊瑚礁营养盐的收支并非总是平衡的,珊瑚礁的高生产力的维持可能是通过以珊瑚礁发育位置的选择为基础,“流网”策略、快速吸收营养盐、营养盐的快速循环和高效利用以及“休渔”策略等的协同作用实现的。“休渔”策略是指捕食因素决定的食物链上游生物迁出和初级生产力的恢复过程,当捕食作用高于生产者的生产速度或营养盐供应严重不足时,许多处于食物链上游的游泳动物将迁徙到生产力更高的珊瑚礁中去。大量的生物碎屑和代谢产物中的营养成分重新释放利用。一段时间后又能够重新繁荣起来。由于生物对磷和金属元素等的富集作用,食物链上游生物及其代谢产物作为营养物质输入的一个经常性来源的作用不可忽视。

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本文首次采用长时间热模拟实验的方法,以未成熟的抚顺油页岩作为研究对象,模拟有机质在漫长的地质历史中的演化、成烃规律,重点研究了有机质早期低温成烃特征,探讨未成熟油形成机理,为油气生成理论提供新的信息。抚顺油页岩长时间热模拟实验的主要成果概括如下:1.抚顺油页岩长时间热模拟实验最重要的成晨是,证明了有机质在长时低温条件下能形成一定量的未成熟烃,并观察到干酷根低温成烃的即生即裂特征,从而使200 ℃低温释放了异常低温释放的类脂组分由于结合在干酷根的内部,受到干酷根大结构的保护,未曾受成熟作用的改造,较原样抽提物更能反映油页岩的生物母质来源。抚顺油页岩长时间低温成烃热模拟实验为未成熟油、低成熟油形成的研究提供了实验依据。2.抚顺油页岩干酷根为IIA型,形成于较开放的淡水湖泊相环境,生物来源丰富,以陆相高等植物的类脂组分输入为主,低等生物、微生物和细菌有很大的贡献。油页岩含有丰富的生物标志物,如倍半萜、三环萜、四环萜、4-甲基甾烷等,罕见的高4-甲基甾烷指数等标志物参数更进一步证明了油页岩抚顺生油母质的复杂性与多源性。3.不同温度段长时间热模拟实验证明了时间对温度的补偿作用,Ro、荧光参数、沥青A、族组成、生物标志物等参数都表明了本实验油页岩演化经历了四个阶段:250℃30天加热以前为未成熟阶段,250 ℃30天至300 ℃100小时为低成熟阶段,300 ℃100小时至350 ℃30天为成熟阶段,350 ℃30天以后为高成熟阶段,成熟度的划分不仅仅取决于温度,而是温度与时间的函数,时间对成熟度的影响在门限温度附近最大,时间越长,有机质成熟温度越低。