商陆抗真菌蛋白的基因克隆及其应用

商陆种子的7kD多肽被鉴定为一种抗真菌多肽，命名为PAFP（pokeweed antifungal protein）。它抑制Trichoderma viride, Fusatium及其它一些病原真菌的生长。本文构建了cDNA文库，而后从库中筛选和克隆PAFP基因。PAFP的编码序列－－201bp的DNA片段被扩增并插入pBluescript SK+载体。经酶切图谱分析和核苷酸顺序测定之后，这个片段与35S启动子连接并重组于双元载体pBin 19。此表达载体质粒转入农杆菌LBA 4404供转化植物之用。通过农杆菌介导的对西瓜的转化，所采用的基因还包括报告基因GUS和Bar，以及一种来自大麦的抗真菌蛋白的基因。以PCR扩增，GUS与NPT II活性检测，以及Southern杂交对转基因植物进行鉴定。

系统发育研究中"长枝吸引"假象概述

下载PDF阅读器系统发育研究(phylogeny)不仅有助于重建地球所有生物体的进化历史,而且还可以揭示进化生物学领域中的一些基本问题.清晰了解各生物物种进化历程及不同物种之间的进化关系,是进一步研究和探索生物学其他学科的基础.但是现今广泛应用的所有系统发育分析方法都存在一定的局限性,在一定程度上不能有效消除各种误差,从而不能客观地处理和分析数据,也就不能成功重建生物进化历程,真实反映物种进化关系.系统发育研究中,"长枝吸引"(Long-branch Attraction,LBA)假象是最为困扰研究者的问题.文章从"长枝吸引"问题的产生原由、检测方法以及消除策略等多个方面进行详尽概述,并通过列举典型实例,阐述了解决"长枝吸引"问题的途径.

Intraseasonal variability of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature during boreal winter: Madden-Julian Oscillation versus submonthly forcing and processes

[ 1] Intraseasonal variability of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) during boreal winter is investigated by analyzing available data and a suite of solutions to an ocean general circulation model for 1998 - 2004. This period covers the QuikSCAT and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observations. Impacts of the 30 - 90 day and 10 - 30 day atmospheric intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) are examined separately, with the former dominated by the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and the latter dominated by convectively coupled Rossby and Kelvin waves. The maximum variation of intraseasonal SST occurs at 10 degrees S - 2 degrees S in the wintertime Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), where the mixed layer is thin and intraseasonal wind speed reaches its maximum. The observed maximum warming ( cooling) averaged over ( 60 degrees E - 85 degrees E, 10 degrees S - 3 degrees S) is 1.13 degrees C ( - 0.97 degrees C) for the period of interest, with a standard deviation of 0.39 degrees C in winter. This SST change is forced predominantly by the MJO. While the MJO causes a basin-wide cooling ( warming) in the ITCZ region, submonthly ISOs cause a more complex SST structure that propagates southwestward in the western-central basin and southeastward in the eastern ocean. On both the MJO and submonthly timescales, winds are the deterministic factor for the SST variability. Short-wave radiation generally plays a secondary role, and effects of precipitation are negligible. The dominant role of winds results roughly equally from wind speed and stress forcing. Wind speed affects SST by altering turbulent heat fluxes and entrainment cooling. Wind stress affects SST via several local and remote oceanic processes.