Identification and characterization of hypoxia-induced genes in Carassius auratus blastulae embryonic cells using suppression subtractive hybridization

Organisms living in water are inevitably exposed to periods of hypoxia. Environmental hypoxia has been an important stressor having manifold effects on aquatic life. Many fish species have evolved behavioral, physiological, biochemical and molecular adaptations that enable them to cope with hypoxia. However, the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia tolerance in fish, remain unknown. in this study, we used suppression subtractive hybridization to examine the differential gene expression in CAB cells (Carassius auratus blastulae embryonic cells) exposed to hypoxia for 24 h. We isolated 2100 clones and identified 211 differentially expressed genes (e-value <= 5e-3; Identity > 45%). Among the genes whose expression is modified in cells, a vast majority involved in metabolism, signal transduction, cell defense, angiogenesis, cell growth and proliferation. Twelve genes encoding for ERO1-L, p53, CPO, HO-1, MKP2, PFK-2, cystatin B, GLUT1, BTG1, TGF beta 1, PGAM1, hypothetical protein F1508, were selected and identified to be hypoxia-induced using semi-quantitive RT-PCR and real-time PCR. Among the identified genes, two open reading frames (ORFs) encoding for CaBTG1 and Cacystatin B were obtained. The deduced amino acid sequence of CaBTG1 had 94.1%, 72.8%, 72.8%, 72.8%, 68.6% identity with that of DrBTG1, HsBTG1, BtBTG1, MmBTG1 and XIBTG1. Comparison of Cacystatin B with known cystatin B, the molecules exhibited 49.5 to 76.0% identity overall. These results may provide significant information for further understanding of the adaptive mechanism by which C. auratus responds to hypoxia. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

稀土苯多酸络合物的合成及其性质的研究

苯多酸作为配体，因有多个可参与配位的羧基，因此，可以和稀土离子生成不同配比而结构特殊的化合物，同时这类化合物具有一系列有趣的性质。本论文选择1,2,4,5-苯四酸（H_4L），1,3,5-苯三酸（H_3L_I），1,2,4-苯三酸（H_3L_(II)）和1,2,3-苯三酸（H_3L_(III)）作为配体，合成了除P_m以外的十四个镧系元素和Y的络合物。对于稀土和均苯四酸的络合物，除得到了文献曾报导过的4:3组成外，还合成了一个新的系列，其组成为1:1的络合物：Ln·HL·nH_2O(Ln = La-Gd，Er，Y)和Ln·L·NH_4·nH_2O(Ln=Eu，Tb-Lu)。培养出了未见文献报导的稀土Er与均苯四酸络合物的单晶，晶体结构分析指出其组成为[ Er·L·3H_2O]·NH_4·4H_2O，中心离子和配体形成八配位络阴离子，呈畸变的四方反棱柱结构。对所合成的稀土苯多酸络合物（除稀土和1,2,3-苯三酸络合物外），进行了热分析研究，结果表明这类络合物具有很高的热稳定性，空气中，除Ce外，其分解温度均大于420 ℃。指出了络合物热分解机理，对于绝大部分稀土苯多酸络合物。分解分两步进行，第一步络合物脱水，第二步分解为氧化物。镧的苯多酸络合物其分解过程经碱式碳酸盐（LaO）_2 CO_3，最后分解为La_2O_3。络合物DTA分解峰温随稀土原子序有规律地变化，且不同的苯多酸系列络合物呈类似的变化规律，变价元素处于曲线峰谷的位置。测定Ln_4L_3·nH_2O系列络合物的脱水热及脱水和分解表观活化能。系统地研究了络合物在4000-100cm~(-1)范围内的FT-IR光谱，通过对羧基反对称和对称伸缩振动的分析，指出了络合物中羧基的可能配位形式。对组成为Ln·HL·nH_2O(Ln=La-Gd，Y)，Ln·L·NH_4·nH_2O (Ln=Tb-Lu)，LnL_I·nH_2O (Ln = La-Ho)和LnL_(II)·nH_2O (Ln=Pr-Tm)的络合物，指认了Ln-O链伸缩振动，其振动频率随稀土离子总角动量量子数呈类似“斜W”效应的变化。对于Ln_4L_3·nH_2O，LnL_I·nH_2O和LnL_(II)·nH_2O络合物，随着配体的不同，羧基反对称和对称伸缩振动频率差ΔV以ΔV_(1,3,5)BTA > ΔV_(PMA) > ΔV_(1,2,4)BTA的规律变化。研究了Eu和Tb苯多酸铬合物的萤光相对亮度及其萤光光谱，对Tb络合物，其萤光相对亮度随配体结构的变化有如下变化规律：PMA > 1,2,4 BTA≥1,2,3 BTA > 1,3,5 BTA。Tb的PMA络合物由于其发光强度较大，有可能在实际中得到应用。

Hydrothermal synthesis of the two-dimensional coordination polymer {[Fe(phen)(OH)](bta)(0.5)}(n) (phen=1,10-phenanthroline, bta=benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracaboxylate)

The title two-dimensional coordination polymer was synthesised and characterised by X-ray diffraction analysis.