高Tc超导体R_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)(R-rare earth)的磁性和超异电性研究

本论文合成了R_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x) (R = La、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Dr、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb)、Y_2Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x) (x = 0.10～1.17)和Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(7-x)S_x (x = 0～2)，并对磁性和超导电性进行了较为系统的研究。R_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)的磁化率在T > Tc的很宽的温度范围内服从Curic-Weiss定律，求得的有效磁矩略大于理论值，差值与Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)中Cu~(2+)磁矩相近，说明Cu~(2+)的磁矩对体系磁性有额外贡献，这贡献随R~(3+)离子中自旋平行的电子权的增多而增大。其高温下的磁化率CT > 700K)相对Curic-Weiss定律发生较大偏离，这偏离可能的来源有三个：高温下稀土离子发生较大的能级反转效应，高温下结构相变对磁性的影响，高温下氧含量减少造成Cu~(2+)磁矩增大。R_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)磁化率在T < Tc时也服从Curic-Weiss定律，R~(3+)磁矩是定域的，表明超导与磁性相互独立。互不相关，稀土磁矩与传导电子间无相互作用。用Sr取代R_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)中的Ba，没能使体系产生磁有序的变化，但却使有效磁矩增大，并完全破坏了样品的超导电性。Sm~(3+)磁化率不服从Curic-Weiss定律，在Sm_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)中Sm~(3+)显示了典型Van VlccK离子的特性。Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)随氧含量减少发生超导体一半导体一绝缘体的转化，当氧含量由6.90减小至6.49时发生由正交到四方的结构相变。当(7-x) = 5.83时有较多杂质相出现，123相开始分解。样品磁化率均服从Curic-Weiss定律，并随氧含量增大磁化率－温度曲线越来越趋于平缓（直线），当(7-x) = 6.90时磁化率基本不随温度变化，这时Pauli顺磁性占主导地位，这说明氧含量增加定域磁矩减少，求得的有效磁矩Peff随氧含量增大总趋势减小。提出了电子“巡游”的观点，较好地解释了上述现象，并推测出Cu(2)的d电子是离域的，对样品磁矩没有贡献，样品Peff来源于部分Cu(1)的定域Cu~(2+)的磁矩，上述推测被EPR结果证实。正交相Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)的EPR谱显示了中心对称成准立方晶场中Cu~(2+)(d~9, S = 1/2, I = 3/2)的EPR物性。而四方相样品的EPR谱却出现了明显的各向异性，说明观察到的为Cu(1)的EPR信号，由Cu(1)~(2+)的写域磁矩产生。Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)的EPR信号束源于本体相，而非Y_2Cu_2O_5、BaCuO_2、Y_2BaCuO_5等杂质相。各样品EPR信号的自旋浓度远小于1spin/cu，并随氧含量减小而增大，当(7-x) = 6.49、6.40时自旋浓度出现陡增，这时伴随由正交到四方的转化，证明了电子“巡游”观点的正确。用硫部分取代Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_2g中的氧，当Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)Sx中x = 0.11时Tc = 92.6K，比Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(7-x)升高2K，但由于杂质相的存在，ΔTc加宽。其他样品多为半导体和绝缘体。硫取代0，当x = 0.04，0.06，0.11和1.20时磁化率服从Curic-Weiss定律，并且x = 0.87，1.2时分别在230K、240K出现反铁磁有序。其他样品由于Cu被还原为＋1价而变成抗磁性。x = 0.11 (Tc = 92.6K)，EPR谱为正交场中Cu~(2+)的信号。自旋浓度与温度无关。当所有Cu均为Cu~(1+)时，测问的是-s-的EPR信号，而Cu为混合价态(+1和+2时)测问是上述两种信号的叠加。

OXYGEN ANALYSES IN HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS BY MEV PROTON ELASTIC BACKSCATTERING

A technique for analysis of total oxygen contents in high-T(c) superconducting films is demonstrated. It uses elastic backscattering (EBS) of 1.5-2.5 MeV protons. By comparing the H EBS spectra from substrate materials, the absolute oxygen content in the films can be easily calculated. It is estimated that the analysis can be accurate to better than 5% for YBCO films with thicknesses from several hundred angstroms to several microns. Comparisons with RBS are given and advantages of this technique are shown.

SUPERCONDUCTIVITY OF 2212 PHASE IN BIBASED HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS

In the Bi-based high-T(c) superconductors, three superconducting transition points were observed above the liquid-N2 temperature range. Allotropes of the 2212 phase were found. These allotropes were metastable and can interchange with the 2212 phase, and their T(c)'s vary from approximately 85 to approximately 100 K.

掺W对Bi系中高Tc超导相的影响

自Maeda发现高Tc超导体BiSrCaCuO以来,引起了人们广泛兴趣;由于它有较高的超导转变温度(Tc>100K),无剧毒、价廉和自高温冷却到室温无结构相变等特点,Bi系是一很有实用前景的高Tc超导体;已经确定Bi系中含有三个超导相(2201,2212,2223相),但是迄今要制得较纯的2223高Tc相还有一定困难,无疑这对它的基础研究和实用开发都受到了限制,因此制备更纯的Bi系2223相具有重要的意义。

~(99)Tc~m-明胶的制备和生物分布

为考察明胶静脉注射后在机体内的吸收及分布情况,用~(99)Tc~m对明胶进行整体标记,然后将标记物~(99)Tc~m-明胶静脉注射于小鼠和家兔体内,检测不同时间后标记物的生物分布.结果表明,明胶可以被~(99)Tc~m所标记,且标记产物~(99)Tc~m-明胶放化纯大于95%;小鼠体内分布显示其具有较高肾摄取率,5 min时小鼠肾的摄取率达到29.36%/g,20 min时可以达到66.88%/g;家兔双肾显像清晰.说明~(99)Tc~m-明胶具有特异性肾分布的特点.

两层流体热毛细对流空间实验研究=Space Experiments of Thermo Capillary Convection in Two-liquid Layers

1999年,在我国实践5号卫星上完成了两层流体空间实验,实验研究两层不相混合流体的纯Marangoni对流（温度梯度与界面垂直）与热毛细对流（温度梯度方向与流体界面平行）.前者存在发生Marangoni对流的最小临界温差值△Tc,低于该值流体系统处于静止状态;后者中只要存在沿界面的温度梯度便会产生热毛细对流.空间实验采用石蜡和氟化液两层流体新体系,实现了平整的液-液交界面,并从卫星上传回上万幅数字图像.通过多幅图像叠加处理得到了定量的流速场.数值模拟计算分析了相应工况时对流流动的速度场,两者的流场结构和速度大小基本一致,实验验证了理论模型.

Dislocation theory of the fracture criterion for anisotropic solids

A dislocation theory of fracture criterion for the mixed dislocation emission and cleavage process in an anisotropic solid is developed in this paper. The complicated cases involving mixed-mode loading are considered here. The explicit formula for dislocations interaction with a semi-infinite crack is obtained. The governing equation for the critical condition of crack cleavage in an anisotropic solid after a number dislocation emissions is established. The effects of elastic anisotropy, crack geometry and load phase angle on the critical energy release rate and the total number of the emitted dislocations at the onset of cleavage are analysed in detail. The analyses revealed that the critical energy release rates can increase to one or two magnitudes larger than the surface energy because of the dislocation emission. It is also found elastic anisotropy and crystal orientation have significant effects on the critical energy release rates. The anisotropic values can be several times the isotropic value in one crack orientation. The values may be as much as 40% less than the isotropic value in another crack orientation and another anisotropy parameter. Then the theory is applied to a fee single crystal. An edge dislocation can emit from the crack tip along the most highly shear stressed slip plane. Crack cleavage can occur along the most highly stressed slip plane after a number of dislocation emissions. Calculation is carried out step by step. Each step we should judge by which slip system is the most highly shear stressed slip system and which slip system has the largest energy release rate. The calculation clearly shows that the crack orientation and the load phase angle have significant effects on the crystal brittle-ductile behaviours.

Quantum Monte Carlo study of the CO interaction with a dimer model surface for Cr(110)

The chemisorption of CO on a Cr( 110) surface is investigated using the quantum Monte Carlo method in the diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) variant and a model Cr2CO cluster. The present results are consistent with the earlier ab initio HF study with this model that showed the tilted/ near-parallel orientation as energetically favoured over the perpendicular arrangement. The DMC energy difference between the two orientations is larger (1.9 eV) than that computed in the previous study. The distribution and reorganization of electrons during CO adsorption on the model surface are analysed using the topological electron localization function method that yields electron populations, charge transfer and clear insight on the chemical bonding that occurs with CO adsorption and dissociation on the model surface.

Structures on sliding base subject to horizontal and vertical motions

In this paper particular investigation is directed towards the combined effects of horizontal and vertical motions of real earthquakes to structures resting on sliding base. A simplified method is presented to treat the nonlinear effects of time dependent frictional force of the sliding base as a function of the vertical reaction produced by the foundation. As an example, the El Centro 1940 earthquake record is used on a structural model to show the structural responses due to a sliding base with different frictional and stiffness characteristics. The study shows that vertical ground motion does affect both the superstructure response and the base sliding displacement. Nevertheless, the sliding base isolator is shown to be effective for the reduction of seismic response of a superstructure.

Elastic-plastic finite element analyses of short cracks

Stress and strain distributions and crack opening displacement characteristics of short cracks have been studied in single edge notch bend and centre cracked panel specimens using elastic–plastic finite element analyses incorporating both a non strain hardening and a power law hardening behaviour. J contour integral solutions to describe stress strain conditions at crack tips for short cracks differ from those for long cracks. The analyses show that (i) short cracks can propagate at stress levels lower than those required for long cracks and (ii) a two-parameter description of crack tip fields is necessary for crack propagation.

两层流体热毛细对流空间实验研究

1999年，在我国实践5号卫星上完成了两层流体空间实验，实验研究两层不相混合流体的纯Marangoni对流（温度梯度与界面垂直）与热毛细对流（温度梯度方向与流体界面平行）。前者存在发生Marangoni对流的最小临界温差值ΔTc，低于该值流体系统处于静止状态；后者中只要存在沿界面的温度梯度便会产生热毛细对流。空间实验采用石蜡和氟化 液两层流体新体系，实现了平整的液－液交界面，并从卫星上传回上万幅数字图像 。通过多幅图像叠加处理得到了定量的流速场。数值模拟计算分析了相应工况时对流流动的速度场，两者的流场结构和速度大小基本一致，实验验证了理论模型。

A new method to analyse the Peierls-Nabarro model of an edge dislocation in a rectangular plate

A new method is presented here to analyse the Peierls-Nabarro model of an edge dislocation in a rectangular plate. The analysis is based on the superposition scheme and series expansions of complex potentials. The stress field and dislocation density field on the slip plane can be expressed as the first and the second Chebyshev polynomial series respectively. Two sets of governing equations are obtained on the slip plane and outer boundary of the rectangular plate respectively. Three numerical methods are used to solve the governing equations.