17 resultados para Sylvester II, Pope, ca. 945-1003
em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal
Resumo:
In this work, a thiourea-modified chitosan derivative (TMCD) was synthesized through two steps, O-carboxymethylated first and then modified by a polymeric Schiff's base of thiourea/glutaraldehyde. The adsorption behavior of mercury (II) ions onto TMCD was investigated through batch method. The maximum adsorption capacity for Hg(II) was found to be 6.29 mmol/g at pH 5.0 and both kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption process were obtained. The results indicated that adsorption process was spontaneous exothermic reaction and kinetically followed pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption experiments also demonstrated TMCD had high adsorption selectivity towards Hg(II) ions when coexisted with Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Ca(II) in solution and it could be easily regenerated and efficiently reused. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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生物小分子配体的二、三元及多元体系中稀土的化学形态研究是考察稀土在体内的分布、代谢和生物效应的关键,对阐明稀土对环境和人体健康的影响及其作用机理具有十分重要的意义。1. 稀土与生物小分子溶液体系的研究 (1)在模拟生理条件下研究了Yb(III)分别与组氨酸、苏氨酸、脯氨酸以及Zn(II)分别与脯氨酸、色氨酸组成的五个新二元溶液体系。经计算机程序优化得到体系中生成的物种类型及各物种的稳定常数。所有体系均有1100型物种生成,Yb(III)-组氨酸体系还有1102型物种生成。(2)在模拟生理条件下研究了Pr(III)、Gd(III)、Tb(III)、Yb(III)四种稀土离子和Ca(II)、Zn(II)两种生命金属离子与组氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸及脯氨酸组合成的五个新三元体系。发现五个双氨基酸体系中均有三元配合物物种生成。除稀土(/Zn)-Pro-Thr体系外,三元配合物均广泛存在并有很高含量。总体来看,稀土的配位行为相近,其中Gd(III)和Tb的尤为相似。在包括组氨酸的体系中,Ca(II)和Zn(II)的三元配合物明显比稀土物种稳定。而在其它体系中,Ca(II)、Zn(II)三元配合物的稳定性接近或小于稀土的相应物种。2. 金属离子与生物分子多元体系的数学模型法研究 (1)对稀土离子(钆)、生命金属离子(钙或锌)与两种氨基酸配体共存的五个新四元体系,利用已有的二、三元配合物稳定常数,经程序进行了模拟计算,对各金属物种的分布变化进行了分析。结果表明,在组氨酸参与配位的两个体系中,稀土Gd(III)对Ca(II)或Zn(II)的物种分布影响较小。而在其它三个体系中,与三元体系相比,金属的三元物种含量均降低,自由离子和二元配合物的含量升高,这说明稀土在生物配体体系中对Ca(II)或Zn(II)具有竞争取代作用。(2)首次建立多相模型用数学模型法研究了人体血浆中二十二种配体(包括磷酸根、碳酸根、蛋白质生物大分子及生物小分子)同时存在的条件下Gd(III)、Ca(II)、Zn(II)的分布情况及Gd(III)的存在对Ca(II)、Zn(II)物种分布的影响。结果表明,进入血浆中的稀土绝大部分以磷酸盐和碳酸盐沉淀形式存在。可溶态稀土主要分布于与运铁蛋白、草酸、免疫球蛋白、柠檬酸、天冬氨酸等生成的物种及含羟基物种之间,并且可溶态稀土的分布受稀土总浓度和pH值的影响。稀土的浓度高于血浆中本底值时将对Ca(II)、Zn(II)的物种分布产生影响。以上工作取得的新成果不仅丰富了稀土的生物无机化学,而且为阐明稀土生物效应和评估稀土农用安全性提供了科学数据。
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通过实验我们证明Ca2+对叶绿体膜的流动性,对PS I和PS II叶绿素蛋白质复合物的相对含量,以及PS I和PS II的多肽均有影响。 Ca2+对叶绿体膜表层的流动性影响不大,但降低了叶绿体膜深层脂质分子的流动性。从另一个角度阐明了Ca2+抑制光能从PS II向PS I传递的机制。 Ca2+可使PS I的21,23,110KD的多肽转移至PS II,LHCP1和LHCP2中的CF1的两个亚基(55,60KD)转至CPa和LHCP3,从而增加了PS II的捕光截面,引起激发能在两个系统之间的分配的改变。 用免疫学方法可以证明CPIa2和LHCP2的Ab为复合抗体,CPIa1的Ab为单抗,我们可以推测向日葵的不同叶绿素蛋白质复合物具有同源性。
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A multiphase model of metal ion speciation in human interstitial fluid was constructed and the effect of Pr(III) on Ca(II) speciation was studied. Results show that free Ca2+, [Ca(HCO3)], and [Ca(Lac)] are the main species of Ca(II). Because of the competition of Pr(III) for ligands with Ca(II), the percentages of free Ca2+, [Ca(Lac)], and [Ca(His)(Thr)H-3] increase gradually and the percentages of CaHPO4(aq) and [Ca(Cit)(His)H-2] decrease gradually with the increase in the total concentration of Pr(III). However, the percentages of [Ca(HCO3)] and CaCO3(aq) first increase and then begin to decrease when the total concentration of Pr(III) exceeds 6.070 x 10(-4) M.
Resumo:
The extraction of zinc(II) from an aqueous chloride medium has been studied using mixtures of sec-nonylphenoxy acetic acid (CA-100) and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272). The results demonstrate that zinc ion is extracted into heptane as ZnA(2).2HA with CA-100, ZnL2.2HL with Cyanex 272, and ZnA(2)L(2)H(2) with synergistic mixture. The equilibrium constants of the these species have been calculated and extraction mechanisms have been proposed. Thermodynamic parameters of the extraction process were determined by the temperature coefficient of extractability. The synergistic system enhances the extraction efficiency of zinc(II) and also improves the selectivity between zinc(II) and cadmium(II).
Resumo:
Ca (II) speciation and effect of Gd (III) speciation on Ca (II) speciation in human blood plasma were studied by computer simulation. [CaHCO3](-) is a predominant compound species of Ca (II). Gd (III) can compete with Ca (II) for biological molecules. The presence of Gd (III) results in a increase of concentration of free Ca (II) and a decrease of concentration of Ca (II) compounds.
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第一部分: 通过生理测定和化学染色分析了冬小麦品种小堰54和京411的叶片和非叶片组织的碳酸酐 酶活性。叶片碳酸酐酶活性(CA)在挑旗时期达到最大值,之后减少到最小,而在饱粒期又呈 增加趋势。从灌浆期到饱粒期,颖片和内稃的CA性均减少,而外稃和种皮的CA性均增加。在饱粒期,小堰54的叶片、颖片、外稃和种皮CA性均高于京411。组织化学染色表明,CA要分布在旗叶的叶肉细胞叶绿体中,也分布在非叶片组织颖片、外稃和内稃的叶肉和维管束鞘细胞的胞质中。这些结果表明,小麦非叶组织叶肉和维管束鞘细胞的胞质中的CA能对饱粒期冬小麦的C4光合途径起作用。饱粒期小堰54的C02传递到Rubisco酶速率和抗旱性较京411高。 第二部分: 以继代培养的芦苇胚性细胞为材料,利用台盼兰拒染法检测了悬浮细胞死亡过程,并利用石蜡切片法及苏木精染色法观察了不同浓度镉对芦苇细胞的毒害作用。1000μM的CdCl2迅速导致芦苇悬浮细胞死亡,200μM的CdClz在接种后第5天引起悬浮细胞死亡,100μM的CdCl2在接种后第7天引起悬浮细胞死亡,≤50μM的CdClz在接种后7天不引起悬浮细胞死亡。同时对不同浓度镉处理的芦苇胚性细胞的内源植物激素和可溶性蛋白质进行分析,≤50μM的镉浓度显著地降低胚性细胞内IAA、ZR、GA3和GA4的含量,却提高ABA的含量,抑制可溶性蛋白质的合成:≥100μM的镉浓度显著地提高IAA、ZR、GA3和GA4的含量,却降低ABA的含量,促进可溶性蛋白质的合成。这些结果表明,镉的毒害至少包括镉浓度决定的两种细胞死亡机制,高浓度的镉(1000μM)引起的细胞死亡应当为坏死,而100μM的镉引起植物悬浮细胞发生程序性死亡。在较高浓度(≥100μM)的镉处理下,芦苇细胞内内源IAA、ZR、GA3和GA4的浓度较高,可能调控可溶性蛋白质的合成而促进细胞发生程序化死亡。
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本论文研究了一系列具有不同配位环璄的锰化合物与去锰的PSII的光组装过程,得到了以下主要结果: 1. 分别对两组二核锰化合物与去锰的PSII 颗粒进行了重组研究。第一组的两个二核锰化合物中,锰原子具有相同的外围配体、氧化还原状态,但是不同的连接方式;而第二组的两个二核锰化合物中,锰原子具有相同的连接方式、氧化还原状态,但是不同的外围配体。实验结果表明,锰化合物中两个锰原子之间的连接方式及外围配体的不同都可以导致锰簇光组装效率的不同,但这两种因素引起的光组装效率的差异比锰原子的氧化还原状态引起的差别要小的多。因此我们推断,锰原子的氧化还原状态是影响光组装效率最重要的因素之一。 2. 选择了三个四核锰化合物与去锰PSII 颗粒进行重组,测定其电子传递与放氧活性。研究结果表明,具有较少配体和较小分子的两个化合物H568和WM01具有较高的重组活性,而另一个化合物Z342的活性较低。这说明化合物配体的数目以及分子的大小影响了光组装效率。另外, 化合物H568和WM01在重组过程中对CaCl2也比Z342更敏感,推测这可能是因为这两个锰化合物中有更多的的羧基可以与Ca2+发生相互作用,而这种作用有助于锰的配位,进而促进光组装。 3. 研究了Mn/Ca簇合物与去锰的PSII 颗粒的光重组, 研究发现,尽管化合物wwg-27本身就含有Ca成分,但它在与光系统II的光组装过程中仍然表现为外源Ca要的趋势,而且这一化合物也表现了比MnCl2更高的光组装效率。 4. 研究了MnCl2与去锰PSII 颗粒的重组过程中,组氨酸和酪氨酸的存在对光组装效率的影响。 研究结果表明,加入一定量的组氨酸和酪氨酸均可以明显的提高样品的放氧活性,并且这两种氨基酸对光组装效率的影响均与pH值有关。
Resumo:
近年来,围绕低价稀土离子开展的研究工作越来越多,尤其重视铕(II)、钐(II)和镱(II)的研究,以期获得短波可调固体激光晶体或高效率发光材料。由于4f~n到4f~(n-1)5d'组态的d-f跃迁是属于宇称允许的跃迁,所以它的发射要比4f~n壳层内的受迫电偶极跃迁强得多。这可以保证对泵浦的有效吸收,提高光泵效率。而4f~n组态内部的f-f锐线发射可以实现激光振荡,有利于提高储能,降低阀值。所以深入了解4f~n和 4f~(n-1)5d'体系在基质晶场中的行为以及基质环境对稀土离子发光特征的影响,对于寻找和设计新的激光和发光材料有着极为重要的意义。 本文从理论上讨论了晶场效应和化学键性质对铕(II)、钐(II)等稀土离子发光性质的影响。采用高温固相反应的方法合成了一系列铕(II)、钐(II)激活的氧化物基质荧光材料。结合光谱实验数据建立了晶格环境对铕(II)的 4f~65d'能级影响的表观模型和定量计算公式。为了研究4f~65d'激发态的性质,我们采用改进的Slater法计算了铕(II)和配体氧的有关轨道能量。利用静电晶场模型讨论了4f~65d'能带劈裂幅度(△E)与Eu-O键距(R)的关系,量子化学计算表明5d能级在晶场中的劈裂(△E)与R~5成反比。碱金属和碱七金属磷酸盐基质中铕的光谱数据证实了上述结论。在该基质中铕的4f~65d'能带的劈裂幅度随Eu-O键距增加而变小。在MeSO_4:Eu~(2+) (Me = Ca, Sr,Ba)中,随碱七金属离子半径增大,其发射和激发截止波长均有规律地向短波区移动。这是由于当铕(II)占据较大半径阳离子格位时,将受到较小的晶场影响。其体系的荧光寿命数据也证实了这一点。运用统计热力学原理讨论了4f~(n-1)5d'与 4f~n激发态能级的相对位置对低价稀土离子d-f和f-f跃迁发射的影响。在Ba_(1-x)Mg_(1+x)(SO_4):Eu~(2+)中,适当增大Mg~(2+)离子含量,线一带两种发射强度比R = I (f-f)/I(d-f) 明显增大。Ba_(0.4)Mg_(1.6)(SO_4)_2:Eu~(2+)的f-f锐线发射强度最大。在Ba_(1-x)Sr_xMg(SO_4)_2:Eu~(2+)中,铕(II)的f-f强度随x增大而变小,d-f发射峰则随x增加而发生红移。运用“电子云扩展效应”和鲍林化学键原理解释了,在Na_(3-x)(PO_4)_(1-x)(SO_4)_x:Eu~(2+)和Na_(2-x)CaSi_(1-x)P_xO_4:Eu~(2+)体系中,随X值在固溶区内变大,铕(II)的发射光谱逐渐移向短波区的现象。为了研究稀七离子的取代格位对其光谱性质的影响,我们合成了K_2Mg_2(SO_4)_3:Eu~(2+)单晶化合物。并经四圆衍射仪解出了结构。铕(II)在单晶中占据Mg_1~(2+)格位,与KMgF_3:Eu~(2+)相比,它将受到更强的晶场作用使4f~65d'能带劈裂幅度变大,又通过计算可知,Eu-O键的共价性比Eu-F键更强,因而在K_2Mg_2(SO_4)_3中Eu~(2+) 4f~65d'重心更低一些。综上所述,K_2Mg_2(SO_4)_3:Eu~(2+)的发射能级(E_(em)~m)要比KMgF_3:Eu~(2+)的发射能级更低。光谱实验数据证实了这一结论。用245 nm激发, K_2Mg_2(SO_4)_3:Eu~(2+)发兰光,最大中心处于400 nm。而KMgF_3:Eu~(2+)发紫色或近紫外光(E_(em)~m = 363 nm),并且在后者是观察到Eu~(2+)离子的f-f跃迁锐线发射。采用高温氢气还原法制备了SmF_2和SmCl_2作为离子激活源。钐(II)激活的硫酸盐材料的荧光光谱数据表明,在室温条件下该基质中钐(II)的荧光光谱均为4f~55d' → 4f~6跃迁的宽带发射。论文对铕(II),钐(II)等低价稀土离子的4f~(n-1)5d'激发态性质和稀七离子在基质中的格位取代以及电荷补偿效应也作了较为详细的讨论。
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掺稀土离子的碱土稀土复合氟化物和ABF_3钙钛矿型氟化物是重要的激光和发光材料。Eu(II)是重要的激活离子。利用Eu(II) d→f跃迁的宽带发射和f→f跃迁的锐线发射,Eu(II)作为短波紫外激光材料手荧光材料的激活剂是优良的候选新。因此,如能找到某种敏化剂对Eu(II)产生能量传递,提高d→f或f→f跃迁发射效率,那么对Eu(II)的潜在应用具有重要的实际和理论意义。人们对Eu(II) d-f、f-f跃迁性度和实现f-f跃迁的条件以及Eu(II)对其它离子的纯量传递已进行了许多深入的研究。然而,人们对其它离子对Eu(II)的纯量传递的研究和报道则甚少。本文从研究Eu(II)和Ce(III)在xMF_2-yYF_3 (M = CaSr,Ba;x = 0,1,2,3;y = 0,1,2,3,4,5)和ABF_3(A = K~+,Ba~(2+);B = Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+),Li~+)两体系中的光谱变经规律入手,比较和分析了Eu(II)和Ce(III)的光谱行为及期 影响因素,特别是仔细地考察了氧对Eu(II)光谱的影响。通过比较和分析,指出Ce(III)对Eu(II)产生能量传递的可能性,寻求两新相互敏化的合适的基质。在复合氟化物体系中首次实现了Ce(III)对Eu(II)的能量传递。根据Dexter能量传递共振理论讨论和分析了Ce(III)对Eu(II)能量传递机理和可能传递途径,提出了能量传递模型,估算了各种传递过程的几率,获取了一些有益启示。同时,对Eu(II)和Tb(III)之间的能量传递也做了初步讨论。与某些基质中Tb(III)可对Ce(III)产生能量传递不同,在讨论体系中没有观察到Tb(III)对Eu(II)的能量传递。
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An enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) efficiency is obtained from the ruthenium complex tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)) by introduction of an ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMImBF(4)). Upon addition of 1% (v/v) BMImBF(4) to 0.1 mm Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) solution, a maximum increase in ECL intensity is obtained both at an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode (15-fold) and at a glassy carbon (GC) electrode (5- to 64old). Furthermore, upon addition of 1% (v/v) BMImBF4 to 5 pm Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)/100 mm co-reactant systems at a GC electrode, IL adsorption occurs at the electrode surface, which results in a change of the polarity of the electrode surface. Such functionalization greatly improves the functions of both Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) and ionic liquids, as is demonstrated in the sensitive and selective concentration enrichment of the Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) co-reactants.
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Two novel salicylaldimine-based neutral nickel(II) complexes, [(2,6-iPr(2)C(6)H(3))NCH(2-ArC6H3O)]Ni(PPh3)Ph (6, Ar = 2-(OH)C6H4; 8, Ar = 2-OH-3-(2,6-iPr(2)C(6)H(3)NCH)C6H3), have been synthesized, and their structures have also been confirmed by X-ray crystallography, elemental analysis, and H-1 and C-13 NMR spectra. An important structural feature of the two complexes is the free hydroxyl group, which allows them to react with silica pretreated with trimethylaluminum under immobilization by the formation of a covalent bond between the neutral nickel(II) complex and the pretreated silica. As active single-component catalysts, the two complexes exhibited high catalytic activities up to 1.14 and 1.47 x 10(6) g PE/mol(Ni)center dot h for ethylene polymerization, respectively, and yielded branched polymers. Requiring no cocatalyst, the two supported catalysts also showed relatively high activities up to 4.0 x 10(5) g PE/mol(Ni)center dot h and produced polyethylenes with high weight-average molecular weights of up to 120 kg/mol and a moderate degree of branching (ca. 13-26 branches per 1000 carbon atoms).
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The selective separation of Y from yttrium solution containing small heavy rare earth (HRE) impurities (Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) by liquid-liquid extraction using CA-100 in the presence of a water-soluble complexing agent of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was experimentally studied at 298K. Experiments were carried Out in two feeds, Feed-I: [RE](f) = 4.94 x 10(-3) M, Y = 98.5%, HRE (Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) = 1.5%; Feed-II: [RE](f) = 4.94 x 10(-3) M, Y = 99.9%, HRE (Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) = 0.1%, as a function of equilibrium pH (pH(eq)), the concentration ratio of [EDTA]:[HRE impurities]. It was shown that the extraction of HRE in the presence of EDTA was suppressed when compared to that of Y because of the masking effect, while the selective extraction of Y was enhanced and the separation factors increased to maximum at appropriate condition for Feed-I: Y/Ho = 1.53, Y/Er = 3.09, Y/Tm = 5.61, Y/Yb = 12.04, Y/Lu = 27.51 at pH 4.37 and [EDTA]:[HRE impurities] = 4: 1, for Feed-II: Y/Ho = 1.32, Y/Er = 1.91, Y/Tm = 2.00, Y/Yb = 3.05, Y/Lu = 3.33 at pH 4.42 and [EDTA]: [HRE impurities] = 8:1. The separation and purification of Y by this method was discussed.