6 resultados para Surface Texture

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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Lightweight materials, structures and coupling mechanisms are very important for realizing advanced flight vehicles. Here, we obtained the geometric structures and morphologies of the elytra of beetles and ascertained its coupling zone by using the histological section technique and SEM. We set up a three-dimensional motion observing system to monitor the opening and closing behaviour of elytra in beetles and to determine the motion mechanism. We constructed a force measuring system to measure the coupling forces between elytra. The results show that elytra open and close by rotating about a single axle, where the coupling forces may be as high as 160 times its own bodyweight, the elytra coupling with the tenon and mortise mechanism, surface texture and opening angle between elytra heavily influence the coupling forces. These results may provide insights into the design mechanism and structure for future vehicles of flight.

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Surface texturization is an effective way to enhance the absorption of light for optoelectronic devices but it also aggravates the surface recombination by enlarging the surface area. In order to evaluate the influence of texture structures on the surface recombination, an effective surface recombination velocity is defined which is assumed to have an equivalent recombination effect on a flat surface. Based on numerical and analytical calculation, the dependences of effective surface recombination on the pattern geometry, the surface recombination velocity, and the diffusion length are analyzed.

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The organic/inorganic hybrid Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films were obtained by the compact organization of poly(1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl)quinoline (PQ), octadecylamine (ODA) and rare earth-substituted heteropolymolybdates. They were characterized by surface pressure-area (pi-A) isotherms, absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The atomic force microscope revealed a granular surface texture of nanosized rare earth-substituted heteropolymolybdate. The scanning tunneling microscopy indicated that the hybrid LB films containing rare earth-substituted heteropolymolybdates had the better electrical conductivity than LB film of PQ/ODA.

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我国西南地区分布有广阔的亚热带潮湿区岩溶,以贵州为中心,总面积达50万km2,是世界上连片分布面积最大的岩溶区。贵州高原地处青藏高原东南缘,云贵高原的东翼,是中国大陆“西高东低”地貌格局中重要的过渡区段,对其新生代地质、地貌演化进行研究无疑具有重要的意义,不仅是对贵州薄弱的新生代地质、地貌研究的补充,而且可以直接通过夷平面展开与青藏高原的对比,探讨青藏高原隆升对贵州高原的直接影响。风化壳作为夷平面的组成部分,在过去没有引起足够的重视,但随着成功实例的不断出现,人们逐渐开始认识到风化壳是夷平面识别和重建的重要依据,也是夷平面环境信息的重要载体。贵州作为碳酸盐岩集中分布区,碳酸盐岩风化壳剖面广泛存在,尤其在黔中、黔北等地区各级夷平面上均发育有红色风化壳,利用碳酸盐岩红色风化壳能为夷平面的识别和形成时代的确立提供可靠的证据,特别是风化壳形成年龄的确定对夷平面时标的建立更具有积极意义。有关贵州地区红色风化壳形成时代的确定,多年来已有一些学者对此展开了研究,但贵州红色风化壳形成时代的确定存在着很大争论。虽然存在其它原因的可能性,但造成这种争论的根本原因在于贵州红色风化壳形成时代是依据其它资料(如夷平面、气候事件等)推断出来的,而不是根据直接测年数据界定的。因此,风化壳直接测年才是解决问题的关键。 本文在前人工作研究的基础之上,利用扫描电镜手段对贵州碳酸盐岩地区上覆风化壳土层中的石英颗粒进行观察、统计、分析,为风化壳成土的物质来源寻找新的证据;同时,经地球化学分析、测试等手段,判断风化壳土层中的晶体石英颗粒为风化壳形成初期的新生矿物——次生石英颗粒,并利用裂变径迹测年法对这种次生石英颗粒进行测年,最终探讨贵州碳酸盐岩地区上覆风化壳土层的形成年代。主要取得了以下几点认识: 一、石英颗粒蚀刻条件的优选 由于石英颗粒裂变径迹的长度和数量与晶格、铀含量、年龄等因素有关,所以不同地区的石英颗粒样品的裂变径迹蚀刻条件也存在差别;目前国际上有关石英颗粒的裂变径迹测年应用的实例较少,还没有统一的有关石英颗粒蚀刻条件的国际标准;现有的石英颗粒蚀刻条件有多种,但是缺乏对这些方法的优缺点进行对比评价。因此,我们要进行反复的条件实验,对比不同石英蚀刻剂的蚀刻效率,找寻适合石英颗粒的最佳蚀刻剂。实验结果表明,40%的HF溶液为最佳蚀刻剂,最佳蚀刻时间:温度在4℃左右(冬季)时为40min;温度在29℃左右(夏季)时为30min。 二、石英的外形、表面机械作用特征及其指示意义 我们利用扫描电镜对石英颗粒外形特征进行观察、统计、分析,结果表明本次研究的石英颗粒形态类型主要有两种:棱状-次棱状石英颗粒以及圆状、次圆状石英颗粒,其中棱状-次棱状石英颗粒包含了一部分晶体形态较为完整的石英颗粒。 根据石英颗粒表面机械作用特征分析结果,结合剖面区域地质特征,可初步判断剖面中的石英颗粒有三种物质来源:碳酸盐岩中的原生碎屑石英,有长时间长距离搬运特征;燧石团块石英,有短距离搬运或原位沉积特征;晶形较完整的次生石英,无搬运特征。三种石英均具有原位特征,前两种类型的石英是直接对基岩的继承,第三种类型的石英是风化壳剖面的次生矿物。 三、石英颗粒表面的化学作用特征及其风化强度指示意义 我们通过对石英颗粒表面化学作用形态的观察,发现大兴剖面、新蒲剖面和官坝剖面的石英颗粒表面化学溶解作用和化学沉淀作用都非常强烈,这表明三个剖面均处于湿、热环境中,均处于强烈的化学风化阶段。而且大兴剖面中石英颗粒表面的化学作用最强烈,气候较其他两个剖面更湿热,剖面的风化强度也最大,即各剖面的风化强度由强到弱排序为:大兴、新蒲、官坝。这一结果与矿物组成分析、化学风化强度、硅铝、铝铁硅风化系数比以及相对风化强度等的地球化学分析指标相一致,这也再次证明了我们采用石英颗粒表面形态特征分析手段的可行性和可靠性。 四、石英颗粒的裂变径迹年龄 三种类型石英颗粒的裂变径迹测年数据表明:a、同一样点石英颗粒裂变径年龄呈现一定的规律:F.T.AGE圆状、次圆状>F.T.AGE不规则状(棱状、次棱状)>F.T.AGE标准晶形(次生石英)。b、不同剖面的不规则状石英颗粒形成于同一个时期;不同剖面的圆状、次圆状石英颗粒形成于同一个时期。这两种石英颗粒不适于贵州碳酸盐岩风化壳的测年研究。c、不同剖面的标准晶形石英颗粒形成于不同时期,形成于碳酸盐岩酸不溶物原地堆积过程中,即与风化壳剖面同期形成,可用于贵州碳酸盐岩风化壳的测年研究。这一测量结果与我们对石英颗粒表面形态特征的观察、统计、分析结果相一致。 五、风化壳物源的新证据 贵州碳酸盐岩风化壳中的石英颗粒表面形态的分析结果表明,贵州碳酸盐岩风化壳的物质来源于碳酸盐岩中酸不溶物原地风化残积的产物,与其下伏基岩有着明显的继承性。这一分析结果与王世杰等人的碳酸盐岩酸不溶物的提取实验、地球化学、矿物学、粒度特征及区域地质背景等多方面的分析结果相一致,为贵州碳酸盐岩风化壳的物质来源及成因提供新的、更细致的证据。 六、贵州晚新生代地质-环境研究历史轮廓初建 由于目前对贵州及周边地区的风化-气候研究相对缺乏,数据资料较稀少,还没有形成完整的系统,我们本次研究也是建立在对风化壳中次生英颗粒年代学研究的基础上,研究还不是很透彻,因此只能对地质-环境研究历史轮廓进行初建。本文根据本次研究剖面土层中晶体次生石英颗粒的裂变径迹年龄分布情况,结合前人已有资料,对贵州25Ma以来的地质-环境演化历史的轮廓进行初建。从次生石英裂变径迹年龄值来看,中新世以来贵州主要经历了如下构造-风化期:25-19Ma、16-13Ma、10-6.5Ma、5-2Ma、1.7-1Ma。

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Uniformly carbon-covered alumina (CCA) was prepared via the carbonization of sucrose highly dispersed on the alumina surface. The CCA samples were characterized by XRD, XPS, DTA-TG, UV Raman, nitrogen adsorption experiments at 77 K, and rhodamine B (RB) adsorption in aqueous media. UV Raman spectra indicated that the carbon species formed were probably conjugated olefinic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which can be considered molecular subunits of a graphitic plane. The N(2) adsorption isotherms, pore size distributions, and XPS results indicated that carbon was uniformly dispersed on the alumina surface in the as-prepared CCA. The carbon coverage and number of carbon layers in CCA could be controlled by the tuning of the sucrose content in the precursor and impregnation times. RB adsorption isotherms suggested that the monolayer adsorption capacity of RB on alumina increased drastically for the sample with uniformly dispersed carbon. The as-prepared CCA possessed the texture of alumina and the surface properties of carbon or both carbon and alumina depending on the carbon coverage.