A new species of Scolelepis (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from sandy beaches in China, with a review of Chinese Scolelepis species

A new species of Spionidae, Scolelepis (Scolelepis) daphoinos sp. nov., is described and illustrated from northern China seas. The species was frequently encountered and highly abundant on sand beaches, but rarely found in subtidal areas. It was formerly misidentified as S. (S.) squamata (Muller, 1806) in China but differed from the latter species in several details in morphology, including the presence of obvious reddish pigmentation patches and the absence of unidentate hooded hooks. Another two Scolelepis species, S. (S.) lingulata Imajima, 1992 and S. (S.) variegata Imajima, 1992, are reported for the first time from Chinese waters. Two species of Scolelepis, S. (S.) globosa Wu & Chen, 1964 and S. (S.) lefebvrei (Gravier, 1905), were reported previously; therefore, five species in this genus are known from China in total. A key to all Scolelepis species from Chinese waters is provided.

Report of Prionospio complex (Annelida: Polychaeta: Spionidae) from China's waters, with description of a new species

Nine species of Prionospio complex are recorded front China's waters, including one new species and six newly recorded species. Prionospio (Prionospio) pacifica sp. nov., is characterized by having first and forth pairs of branchiae pinnate, second and third pairs of apinnate, ventral crest on Setiger 9 and dorsal crests on Setigers 10-25. Apoprionospio kirrae (Wilson, 1990), Prionospio (Aquilaspio) convexa Imajima, 1990, Prionospio (Minuspio) multibranchiata Berkeley, 1927, Prionospio (Prionospio) bocki Soderstrom, 1920, Prionospio (Prionospio) dubia Maciolek, 1985 and Prionospio (Prionospio) paradisea Imajima, 1990 are recorded for the first time from China's waters.

New records of Paraprionospio (Annelida: Spionidae) from Chinese waters, with the description of a new species

Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers, 1901), a poorly known and potentially cosmopolitan polychaete, was examined from museum specimens and from collections in Jiaozhou Bay, the Yellow Sea. New observations indicate that previous Chinese records of P. pinnata are doubtful, and that Chinese waters contain at least three valid species of Paraprionospio, two are known and one is new. Paraprionospio inaequibranchia (Caullery, 1914) and Paraprionospio coora Wilson, 1990, previously misidentified as P. pinnata, are reported from Chinese waters for the first time. Paraprionospio crist'ata. new species, is characterized by having brown pigment patches on the prostomium, ventral crests on chaetigers 9 and 10, dorsal crests on the middle part of the body (from chaetigers 21-23, not beyond chaetiger 29). thin filaments on chaetiger 3, and bifoliate branchial lamellae.

中国海异毛虫科和海稚虫科分类学和地理分布研究

异毛虫科（Paraonidae）和海稚虫科（Spionidae）是环节动物门（Annelida），多毛纲（Polychaeta）中两个常见的科，其成体在海洋生态系统尤其是海洋底栖动物群落中占有重要地位。中国近海异毛虫科和海稚虫科种类极为常见，在潮间带和潮下带均有分布。但由于此两科种类个体小，采集和鉴定困难，在中国一直没有系统的分类学研究。 本论文选择异毛虫科和海稚虫科为研究对象，以中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生物标本馆馆藏的3000余号成体标本为主要研究材料，结合攻读博士学位期间对全国各海域的补充采集标本和从其它单位借用的标本，在认真阅读相关文献和比对某些种类模式标本的基础上，首次对此两科的中国种类进行了全面系统的分类学和地理分布研究。结果如下： 1. 本文记述了中国海域异毛虫科4属18种，其中包括3新纪录种；海稚虫科16属39种，包括7新种，10新纪录种。各鉴定种类均进行了详细的分类学特征描述，并附有形态学结构图。对罕见种类的标本和保存状况较差、光学显微镜无法获得可靠分类学信息的标本进行了扫描电镜观察，并拍摄有电镜照片。 2. 对中国海域有关异毛虫科和海稚虫科种类记录进行了系统的分类学修订，澄清了部分种类特别是一些常见种类分类学研究中存在的错误和混淆。（1）通过大量阅读文献和反复比较检查标本，认为以前我国文献记录的海稚虫科奇异稚齿虫属的奇异稚齿虫Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers, 1901)实际包括3种，即扭鳃奇异稚齿虫Paraprionospio inaequibranchia (Caullery, 1914)、枫香树奇异稚齿虫Paraprionospio coora Wilson, 1990和冠奇异稚齿虫Paraprionospio cristata sp. nov.，其中扭鳃奇异稚齿虫和枫香树奇异稚齿虫在中国海属首次记录，冠奇异稚齿虫为一新种。枫香树奇异稚齿虫主要分布于黄海，其分布南界为121°30′ E, 34°30′ N, 扭鳃奇异稚齿虫分布于南海，其分布北界为114°00′ E, 21°45′ N，冠奇异稚齿虫分布区域较广，从长江口到南海的沿岸水域均有分布。奇异稚齿虫是分布在智利、南加利福尼亚、西墨西哥（可能还有安哥拉）的种，在我国海域未见分布。（2）将在我国北方沿海非常常见但长期被记录为鳞腹钩虫Scolelepis (Scolelepis) squamata (Müller, 1806)(海稚虫科)的标本重新鉴定为一个新种，即红纹腹钩虫Scolelepis (Scolelepis) daphoinos sp. nov.；鳞腹钩虫分布于北大西洋和地中海沿岸水域，在我国海域未见分布。（3）明确了中国海Prionospio steenstrupi复合体种类。此复合体所包含的种类在形态上十分相似，分类学研究时极易混淆。在已有的文献记录中，该复合体中国种类包括两种，玛氏稚齿虫Prionospio (Prionospio) malmgreni Claparède, 1870和西沙稚齿虫Prionospio (Prionospio) sishaensis Wu & Chen, 1964。本文将该复合体中国种类修正为5种，分别是包氏稚齿虫Prionospio (Prionospio) bocki Söderström, 1920、开普敦稚齿虫Prionospio (Prionospio) dubia Maciolek, 1985、太平洋稚齿虫Prionospio (Prionospio) pacifica sp. nov.、欢乐稚齿虫Prionospio (Prionospio) paradisea Imajima, 1990和西沙稚齿虫Prionospio (Prionospio) sishaensis Wu & Chen, 1964。现在大多数分类学者认为玛氏稚齿虫是一个不可鉴定种，该种的原始描述可能包括数种，且模式标本已丢失。（4）将中国海记录的矮小离稚齿虫Apoprionospio pygmaea (Hartman, 1961)更正为卡米拉离稚齿虫Apoprionospio kirrae Wilson, 1990；将中国海记录的科氏光稚虫Spiophane kroyeri Grube, 1860更正为深蓝光稚虫Spiophanes fuscatus sp. nov.。 3. 比较研究了中国海域异毛虫科和海稚虫科的区系特点，详细分析了两科中国海种类的组成。认为中国种类在区系组成上属于印度-马来区系，异毛虫科中国海特有种较少，仅2种，占该科中国种数的11%；而海稚虫科中国海特有种较多，共9种，占该科中国种数的23%。中国海异毛虫科种类组成和日本、俄罗斯附近水域的组成较为相似，中国海海稚虫科种类组成和日本、澳大利亚附近水域的组成较为相似。