66 resultados para Soga, Tokimune, 1174-1193
em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal
Resumo:
An algorithm based on flux-corrected transport and the Lagrangian finite element method is presented for solving the problem of shock dynamics. It is verified through the model problem of one-dimensional strain elastoplastic shock wave propagation that the algorithm leads to stable, non-oscillatory results. Shock initiation and detonation wave propagation is simulated using the algorithm, and some interesting results are obtained. (C) 1999 Academic Press.
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Modeling study is performed concerning the heat transfer and fluid flow for a laminar argon plasma jet impinging normally upon a flat workpiece exposed to the ambient air. The diffusion of the air into the plasma jet is handled by using the combined-diffusion-coefficient approach. The heat flux density and jet shear stress distributions at the workpiece surface obtained from the plasma jet modeling are then used to study the re-melting process of a carbon steel workpiece. Besides the heat conduction within the workpiece, the effects of the plasma-jet inlet parameters (temperature and velocity), workpiece moving speed, Marangoni convection, natural convection etc. on the re-melting process are considered. The modeling results demonstrate that the shapes and sizes of the molten pool in the workpiece are influenced appreciably by the plasma-jet inlet parameters, workpiece moving speed and Marangoni convection. The jet shear stress manifests its effect at higher plasma-jet inlet velocities, while the natural convection effect can be ignored. The modeling results of the molten pool sizes agree reasonably with available experimental data.
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A discrete slip model which characterizes the inhomogeneity of material properties in ductile single crystals is proposed in this paper. Based on this model rate-dependent finite element investigations are carried out which consider the finite deformation, finite rotation, latent hardening effect and elastic anisotropy. The calculation clearly exhibits the process from microscopic inhomogeneous and localized deformation to necking and the formation of LSBS and reveals several important features of shear localization. For example, the inhomogeneous deformation is influenced by the imperfections and initial non-uniformities of material properties. The inhomogeneous deformation may either induce necking which results in the lattice rotation and leads to geometrical softening, which in turn promotes the formation of CSBS, or induces heavily localized deformation. The microscopic localized deformation eventually develops into the LSBS and results in a failure. These results are in close agreement with experiment. Our calculations also find that the slip lines on the specimen's surface at necking become curved and also find that if the necking occurs before the formation of LSBS, this band must be misoriented from the operative slip systems. In this case, the formation of LSBS must involve non-crystallographic effects. These can also be indirectly confirmed by experiment. All these suggest that our present discrete slip model offers a correct description of the inhomogeneous deformation characterization in ductile crystals.
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国家自然科学基金项目(30730032)
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High-energy ion emission from intense-ultrashort (30fs) laser-pulse- cooled deuterium-cluster (80K) interaction is measured. The deuterium ions have an average energy 20keV, which greatly exceeds Zweiback's expectation [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 (2000) 2634]. These fast deuterium ions can be used to drive fusion and have a broad prospect.
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2005年诺贝尔物理学奖授于了光学研究领域里的两项原创性工作:1963年美国物理学家罗伊·格劳伯(R.J.Glauber 1925~)提出的“相干性量子理论”,以及1983年美国物理学家约翰·霍尔(J.L.Hall.1934~)和德国物理学家特奥多尔·亨施(T.W.Hansch.1941~)利用激光的特性对精确测量技术所作的发展。近些年来诺贝尔物理学奖频频惠顾光学研究领域。如2001年诺贝尔物理学奖授予了从事玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚的相关研究、1997年诺贝尔物理学奖授予华裔科学家朱棣文从事的激光冷却和俘获原子
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为了同时补偿固体增益介质的热致双折射及热透镜效应,进一步提高重复频率1 kHz激光二极管(LD)侧向抽运高平均功率电光调Q Nd:YAG激光器的输出功率,设计了一种完全消除热退偏损耗的双调Q开关谐振腔结构,此结构在传统调Q谐振腔的基础上沿着偏振片的退偏方向增加了一个调Q谐振支路,并使得激光从增益介质方向输出。实验结果表明,此激光器的单脉冲能量比单Q开关结构的非补偿腔输出能量高出74.7%。当侧面抽运的激光二极管输出脉冲能量达到307 mJ时,激光输出能量达到26.2 mJ,光-光转换效率为8.5%,光束发
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色散管理孤子光波系统的色散图周期由具有正负色散值的两段光纤组成,并且在系统中周期性放置集中放大器及滤波器装置。采用变分法获得了描述此种系统性能的常微分方程组,并利用这组方程数值研究了各种参量对孤子传输性能的影响。研究结果表明,虽然从整体趋势上看,当要求色散管理孤子有较好的稳定性时,应适当降低系统的色散管理强度,但在一定条件下,调整光纤放大器的位置以及正负色散光纤的色散差值,可同时获得相对较大的色散管理强度和好的孤子稳定性;总体来讲,集总放大器的位置会对孤子传输的稳定性、色散管理孤子的能量增强因子、脉冲最佳
Resumo:
由于界面互扩散的存在,实际的超薄多层膜很难具有清晰的界面结构,假设超薄多层膜为具有周期性梯度折射率的多层膜结构,用直线模型和余弦模型模拟了周期性梯度折射率多层膜的软X射线反射率,结果证明,折射率余弦渐变的多层膜虽然不具有清晰的界面,但它同样具有很高的反射率。
Resumo:
采用矢量法设计了三硼酸锂(LiB3O5,LBO)晶体上1064nm、532nm、355nm和266nm四倍频增透膜.结果表明,在1064nm、532nm、355nm和266nm波长的剩余反射率分别为0.0019%、0.0031%、0.0061%和0.0047%.根据容差分析,薄膜制备时沉积速率准确度控制在+6.5%时,基频、二倍频、三倍频和四倍频波长的剩余反射率分别增加至0.24%、0.92%、2.38%和4.37%.当薄膜材料折射率的变化控制在+3%时,1064nm波长的剩余反射率增大为0.18%,532nm、355nm和266nm波长分别达0.61%,0.59%,0.20%.与薄膜物理厚度相比,膜层折射率对剩余反射率的影响大.对膜系敏感层的分析表明,在1064nm和266nm波长,从入射介质向基底过渡的第二层膜厚度变化对剩余反射率的影响最大,其次是第一膜层.在532nm和355nm波长,从入射介质向基底过渡的第一和第四膜层是该膜系的敏感层.误差分析也表明,薄膜材料的色散对特定波长的剩余反射率具有明显影响,即1064nm、532nm、355nm和266nm波长的剩余反射率分别增加至0.30%、0.23%、0.58%和3.13%.
Resumo:
本研究在野外调查的基础上,采用随机扩增多态DNA (RAPD)分析和形态学方法,研究了我国三种珍稀濒危兰科植物硬叶兜兰(Paphiopedilummicranthum)、麻栗坡兜兰(P. malipoense)和独花兰(Changnienia amoena)的遗传多样性与群体遗传结构,主要结果如下: 1.采用1 2个引物对分布于我国云贵地区的4个硬叶兜兰群体共161个体进行RAPD扩增和分析,得出物种水平的多态条带百分率(PPB)为71.6%,Nci的基因多样度(h)为0.217,Shannon多样性指数(1)为0.3301;4个群体的平均多样性水平为PPB=45.2%,h=0.1457,1= 0.2204:低于远交兰花的平均水平。分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明,在总遗传变异中,群体间遗传变异占20.31%.群体内占79.69%;POPGENE给出的基因分化系数 (Gst)为0.2958;遗传分化略高于远交物种的平均水平。空间自相关分析表明,所检测的两个群体中存在明显的空间结构,基因型在群体中以不同的小斑块存在。遗传距离和空间距离不存在相关关系。 2.用于麻栗坡兜兰的RAPD引物同上,但取样范围只有贵州的2个群体共10个个体。就所研究的个体柬看,麻栗坡兜兰的遗传多样性明显低于远交兰花物种的平均水平。物种水平上,多态条带百分率(PPB)为49.5%。Nei的基因多样度(h)为0. 1174, Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.1764:在群体水平上,上述三个指标的平均值则分别为12. 75%、0.0486和0.0712,均大大低于硬叶兜兰。然而,尽管作了种种努力,麻栗坡兜兰的取样个体数量仍很少,因此所得结果可能会有误差。 3.用16个引物对分布于河南、湖北、湖南、江西4个省11个独花兰群体共216个体进行了RA PD扩增和分析,独花兰在物种水平PPB=80. 7%,h=0.197.1=0. 3116;在群体水平,上述三个指标的平均值则分别为40. 9%、0.1247和0. 1902,均低于远交兰花的平均水平。AMOVA分析表明,11个独花兰群体间的遗传变异占43.48%,群体内的占56.52%:在神农架和新宁地区内部,群体间的遗传变异分别占13.68%和49.3g%(AMOVA)。POPGENE给出的11个群体的基因分化系数(Gst)为0.3580.神农架和新宁地区内的Gst,值分别为0.1194和0.2597。可见,群体间的遗传分化明显高于远交物种的平均水平。空间自相关分析表明,独花兰的遗传变异在群体内不存在明显的空间结构。群体之间的遗传距离和空间距离不存在相关关系。 4.对独花兰7个群体形态性状的分析发现,12个形态性状在群体内均有较高的变异性,cv值变动于0.022-0.30O。庐山群体(LS)在所有性状上的平均值均为最高。营养性状和花部性状的变异性基本一致。除花葶长和花距直径与某些花部性状之间没有显著的相关关系外,各性状之间均有显著的相关性。对XN4群体的统计没有发现假磷茎数目与其他性状之间存在显著相关性。 根据以上对硬叶兜兰、麻粟坡兜兰和独花兰遗传多样性和群体遗传结构韵研究,结合其他方面的资料;对三种兰花的濒危机制进行了初步的分析。首先,人为采挖和破坏是导致这些兰花物种濒危的直接原因,尤其是麻栗坡兜兰。其次, 适宜兰花生存的生境正在只益萎缩、退化和片段化。这两方面因素的共同作用导致上述兰花群体的数目和规模日益下降,由此引发的遗传多样性降低和遗传结构的改变进一步加剧其濒危状况。对于独花兰而言,较低的繁殖能力又使其生存状态雪上加霜。针对三个物种不同的繁殖特性和遗传学状况,提出如下保护措施。(1)硬叶兜兰由于繁殖能力较强、现存个体尚多,遗传多样性损失不甚严重,因此以保护其所在的生境为基础、实施原位保护,是比较合适的保护策略。(2)麻粟坡兜兰目前受破坏程度非常严重;所剩个体很少,遗传多样性较低,已经很难进行有效的原位保护。因此;应利用迁地保护手段抢救目前尚存的个体。(3)独花兰的繁殖能力较弱,因此在保护生境和严禁采摘的基础上,可采用人工授粉等方式,提高结实率、增加繁殖效率,促使其复壮:在进行迁地保护时,则应注意不同群体间存在较大遗传变异而群体内多样性较低这一现实。