A NEW SIMPLE LONG-PATH-LENGTH THIN-LAYER SPECTROELECTROCHEMICAL CELL IN VARIOUS USES

This article describes the design of a new type of long-path-length thin-layer cell (LPTLC), which is constructed by inserting two Teflon cell bodies into a standard cuvette. This cuvette holder enables the LPTLC to combine with photometric instrumentation conveniently. Gold, platinum, glassy carbon, and other materials can be used for the working electrode. Since no soluble adhesive material is used, the cell can meet various needs (in situ conventional and derivative W-vis, in situ circular dichroism, etc.) in both aqueous and nonaqueous systems.

Effect of H2S on stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen permeation behaviour of X56 grade steel in atmospheric environment

Susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking of X56 steel and its relationship with hydrogen permeation behaviour in atmospheric environment containing H2S was investigated by hydrogen permeation tests at a slow strain rate. The results show that: the fracture strain decreases with the decrease of strain rate under the same experimental conditions; the fracture strain also decreases with the increase of H2S concentration under the same strain rate, and the increased concentration of H2S has no significant effect on the hydrogen permeation in the first wet, etc. dry cycle, however has lead to increased hydrogen permeation in the later cycles. The SEM images of the fractured surfaces show clear evidences of enhanced stress corrosion cracking susceptibility by H2S.

Thermal fatigue on pistons induced by shaped high power laser. Part I: Experimental study of transient temperature field and temperature oscillation

Thermal fatigue behavior is one of the foremost considerations in the design and operation of diesel engines. It is found that thermal fatigue is closely related to the temperature field and temperature fluctuation in the structure. In this paper, spatially shaped high power laser was introduced to simulate thermal loadings on the piston. The incident Gaussian beam was transformed into concentric multi-circular beam of specific intensity distribution with the help of diffractive optical element (DOE), and the transient temperature fields in the piston similar to those under working conditions could be achieved by setting up appropriate loading cycles. Simulation tests for typical thermal loading conditions, i.e., thermal high cycle fatigue (HCF) and thermal shock (or thermal low cycle fatigue, LCF) were carried out. Several important parameters that affect the transient temperature fields and/or temperature oscillations, including controlling mode, intensity distribution of shaped laser, laser power, temporal profile of laser pulse, heating time and cooling time in one thermal cycle, etc., were investigated and discussed. The results show that as a novel method, the shaped high power laser can simulate thermal loadings on pistons efficiently, and it is helpful in the study of thermal fatigue behavior in pistons. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

飞秒脉冲时空变换整形技术

飞秒激光脉冲通过时空变换技术将时域信息变换到空域，通过空域的处理再返回到时域，是实现飞秒激光脉冲整形、测量和控制的一项重要技术。在应用方面，可产生各种所需要的波形．已广泛应用在飞秒化学、信号处理、安全通信、生物学和医学成像等方面。介绍了飞秒时空变换脉冲整形的几种方法。

The synthesis of a 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol-based bis(ether anhydride) and aromatic polyimides derived therefrom

2,2'-Bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)-1,1'-binaphthyl dianhydride was used as a new monomer with various aromatic diamines to obtain polyimides by the usual two-step method. The bis(ether anhydride) was prepared by a nucleophilic substitution of I,1'-bi-2-naphthol with N-phenyl-4-chlorophthalimide, N-methyl-4-nitrophthalimide or 4-nitrophthalonitrile in aprotic polar solvent, and subsequent hydrolysis of the resulting bis(ether imide)s or bis(ether dinitrile), and then dehydration of the corresponding tetracarboxylic acid to afford the dianhydride. Most of the obtained polyimides were soluble in chloroform, pyridine, DMF, etc. The polyimide prepared from p-phenylene diamine was partial crystalline, whereas the others showed amorphous patterns in a WAXD study. These polymers have glass transition temperatures between 255-294 degrees C and 5% weight loss temperatures in the range of 502-541 degrees C in nitrogen and 473-537 degrees C in air. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.