4 resultados para Seed Protein

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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本文研究了毛乌素沙地6个不同生态环境的柠条群体和1个锡盟草原站的小叶锦鸡儿群体的同工酶和种子蛋白的遗传变异。利用Brown等(/975)同工酶遗传分析方法对同工酶和种子蛋白的多态性进行了遗传分析。运用Shannon信息指数和Nei指数分析测定了锦鸡儿群体的遗传结构。结果表明: (l) Brown同工酶遗传分析的方法适合于柠条同工酶的遗传分析。 (2用LAP酶对柠条群体进行了精细的遗传结构研究。结果表明毛乌素沙地柠条群体的异交性。GST=D.134,即大部分的变异存在于群体内部,小部分的变异存在于群体之间。柠条群体的繁育系统与水分胁迫有关。随着生境变旱,繁育系统有向近交变化的趋势。 (3) Brown同工酶遗传分析方法也可以运用于种子蛋白遗传分析,柠条种子蛋白各亚基的遗传是孟德尔方式。 (4)由种子蛋白变异所统计测定的柠条群体的遗传分化系数GST=0.l81(Nei指数)或0.179(Shannon指数,Kongkiatngam改进)。群体变异水平按表型多样性依次为人工毛条群体>锡盟群体>滩地群体>硬梁群体>软梁群体>丘下群体>丘上群体。按遗传多样性依次为人工毛条群体>软梁群体>锡盟群体>滩地群体和硬梁群体>丘上群体>丘下群体。群体间基因流水平Nm>/,遗传距离D<0.1。 还试验对玉兰、合欢、紫藤、绿豆几种植物种子蛋白变异的遗传分析。最后对同工酶,种子蛋白遗传分析和群体遗传结构进行了讨论并提出今后工作的一些建议。

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华山松(Pinus armandi)是我国西部高海拔温凉山区的主要树种,自然分布大约在北纬23° 30'-36°30',东经88°50'-113°30'之间,横跨13个省(区)包括两个季风区,六个气候带。由于水平空间区域广阔,分布区中间地带又为川藏高原的高山峡谷区,群体疏散,基因的迁移和交流困难,致使南北群体出现深刻的遗传分化,并在形态上、生理上充分表达出来。研究结果表明: 1)华山松树高生长出现明显的地理渐变模式,在同一适宜的立地条件下,15年生的南方群体的树高会超出北方种源的2-3倍。针叶长度也同样具有明显的南北差异,南方群体较长。 2)地理因子相关分析表明纬度因子是主导因子,根据种源的地理坐标,利用中科院植物所植被数量生态学开放室有关数据库和生态信息系统(EIS)进行有关气候数据统计分析表明大多数环境气候因子主要是由纬度决定的。在环境因子当中,年平均温度和极端最低气温,在华山松地理变异过程中起主要作用。利用聚类分析方法,可把华山松大致分为南北两个地理型,正好与气候因子聚类而成的两个环境类型相对应,反映着两个自然地理区的自然生态因子的综合区别。 3)利用已有的幼林生长数据和我们在华山松进入杆材期(15年生)的树高调查结果,作相关分析,发现二者相关关系显著。因此,利用早期树高作生长预测在林木选育上是可行的。 4)根据六个种源测定结果,发现南方温暖湿润气候条件下华山松种子较大,种壳较薄,而北方种源种子相对较小,种皮要厚一些。 5)虽然种群之间中性盐及碱性溶液提取的种子蛋白含量差异明显,但没有地理变异趋势。分析多肽组成,中性盐溶种子蛋白也没有地理特征。但碱性溶液提取的种子蛋白多肽组成却有明显地域性。其中36KD多肽仅出现在北方种群中,南方种群则没发现有同样多肽。 6)西藏种源表现出了一种独特的生物学特性,其种子较大有南方种源特征,但种皮厚又带有北方种源的特点,除此之外,它的碱性溶液提取的种子蛋白中含有36KD多肽,因此它可能是南北两个类群中的中间类型。 7)用活体针叶作测材料时,没能检测出光谱特性的地理变异。但改用分离的叶绿体作试验材料,发现南方种群的光能吸收4阶导数光谱在680nm处的峰值较大,670nm峰值较小,而北方种群中出现了670nm峰值较大的类群,推测北方种群反应中心活力有下降趋势。另外,低温荧光发射光谱及低温荧光激发光谱也有明显的地域分化,表明体内色素状态有一定的地理变异。 8)时绿素a荧光诱导动力学测定表明,南方种群可变荧光(Fv/Fo)与光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)较高,北方种群则相对要小一些,与四阶导数吸收光谱测定结果吻合.利用饱和脉冲重复激发技术,发现光化学荧光淬灭(Qp)和非光化学荧光淬灭(Qn)在北方种群中较大,南方种群较小,其中,Qn变化非常明显,而Qp变化较小. 综合研究结果,除树高生长.针叶和种子形态外,36KD碱溶性种子蛋白多肽680nm处4阶导数吸收光谱峰值大小,可变荧光强度(Fv/Fo)光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)以及非化学荧光淬灭系数都带有明显的地理特征,与华山松生长和适应能力紧密相关,可作为生理指标应用于生态地理型的区分或华山松的早期选择。

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CLEMAPS is a tool for multiple alignment of protein structures. It distinguishes itself from other existing algorithms for multiple structure alignment by the use of conformational letters, which are discretized states of 3D segmental structural states. A letter corresponds to a cluster of combinations of three angles formed by C-alpha pseudobonds of four contiguous residues. A substitution matrix called CLESUM is available to measure the similarity between any two such letters. The input 3D structures are first converted to sequences of conformational letters. Each string of a fixed length is then taken as the center seed to search other sequences for neighbors of the seed, which are strings similar to the seed. A seed and its neighbors form a center-star, which corresponds to a fragment set of local structural similarity shared by many proteins. The detection of center-stars using CLESUM is extremely efficient. Local similarity is a necessary, but insufficient, condition for structural alignment. Once center-stars are found, the spatial consistency between any two stars are examined to find consistent star duads using atomic coordinates. Consistent duads are later joined to create a core for multiple alignment, which is further polished to produce the final alignment. The utility of CLEMAPS is tested on various protein structure ensembles.

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Phyllospadix iwatensis Makino and phyllospadix japonicus Makino have similar frunt morphology and anatomy.The rhomboid fruit of Japanese phyllospadix is dark brown in colour and is characterized by two arms bearing stiff inflected bristles which can act as an anchoring system. The fruit covering consists of a thin cuticular seed coat and pericarp remains mainly fibrous endocarp. In the groove region of the fruit.the cuticular seed coat and endocarp are replaced by nucellus cells with wall in growths and crushed pigment strands with lignified walls.these tissues appera to control the transfer of nutrients to developing seed.the seed is oval with a small embryo and a large hypocotyl. the embryo is straight and simple,with the plumule containing three leaf primordia and a pair of root primordia surrounded by a cotyledon.the hypocotyl has large vontral lobe containing central provascular tissue and two small dorsal lobes.the hypocotyl contains starch.lipid and protein.and acts as a nutrient store.the seed of P.iwatensis has a dormancy period of 2-6 weeks and germination eventually reaches-65%.but is not synchronized.during germination the leaves emerge first.and then after at least three young leaves have formed and abseised.the roots emerge,usually?6 months after the commencement of germination.Utilizaton of the nutrient reserves is initially from the perihpery of the hypocotyl and then progressively towards its centre.