52 resultados para Scheurl, Christoph, 1481-1542.

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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In this paper, a new phenomenological theory with strain gradient effects is proposed to account for the size dependence of plastic deformation at micro- and submicro-length scales. The theory fits within the framework of general couple stress theory and three rotational degrees of freedom omega(i) are introduced in addition to the conventional three translational degrees of freedom mu(i). omega(i) is called micro-rotation and is the sum of material rotation plus the particles' relative rotation. While the new theory is used to analyze the crack tip field or the indentation problems, the stretch gradient is considered through a new hardening law. The key features of the theory are that the rotation gradient influences the material character through the interaction between the Cauchy stresses and the couple stresses; the term of stretch gradient is represented as an internal variable to increase the tangent modulus. In fact the present new strain gradient theory is the combination of the strain gradient theory proposed by Chen and Wang (Int. J. Plast., in press) and the hardening law given by Chen and Wang (Acta Mater. 48 (2000a) 3997). In this paper we focus on the finite element method to investigate material fracture for an elastic-power law hardening solid. With remotely imposed classical K fields, the full field solutions are obtained numerically. It is found that the size of the strain gradient dominance zone is characterized by the intrinsic material length l(1). Outside the strain gradient dominance zone, the computed stress field tends to be a classical plasticity field and then K field. The singularity of stresses ahead of the crack tip is higher than that of the classical field and tends to the square root singularity, which has important consequences for crack growth in materials by decohesion at the atomic scale. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

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The flow field with vortex breakdown in wide spherical gaps was studied numerically by a finite difference method under the axisymmetric condition. The result shows that the flow bifurcates to periodic motion as the Reynolds number or the eccentricity of the spheres increases. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics.

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采用双中心记录方案在双掺杂LiNbO3∶Fe∶Rh晶体中实现了近红外非挥发全息记录,研究了LiNbO3∶Fe∶Rh晶体在633 nm,752 nm,799 nm波长下的全息记录性能。结果表明,在使用近红外记录光时,其记录灵敏度随敏化光强的变化趋势与双中心短波长记录时的不同。通过和LiNbO3∶Fe∶Mn等传统双掺杂铌酸锂晶体的近红外波段记录效果对比,发现同时掺杂Fe和Rh可增强晶体对近红外光的吸收,获得更高的浅中心Fe光生伏特系数,从而能够在LiNbO3∶Fe∶Rh晶体中实现近红外波段的光折变全息记录。

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The routing scheme and some permutation properties of a four-shuffle-exchange-based Omega network are discussed. The corresponding optical setup, which is composed of 2-D phase spatial light modulators and calcite plates, is proposed and demonstrated through mapping the inputs to a 2-D array. Instead of one shuffle-exchange followed by one switching operation as in ordinary Omega networks, in our presented system, the shuffle interconnection embraced in the switches is accomplished simply by varying the switching structure of each stage. For the proposed polarization-optical modules, the system is compact in structure, efficient in performance, and insensitive to the environment. (C) 1997 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

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采用离子束溅射在K9玻璃基底上沉积了不同厚度的Cu膜,利用Lambda-900分光光度计,测量了波长为310nm到1300nm范围内Cu膜的反射率和透射率.选定波长为310、350、400、430、550、632、800、1200nm时对薄膜的反射率、透射率和吸收率随膜厚变化的关系进行研究.同时,对Cu膜的光学常量也进行了讨论.结果显示,Cu膜的光学特性都有明显的尺寸效应.将波长为550nm时的反射率和透射率随Cu膜厚度变化关系的交点对应厚度作为特征厚度,该厚度可认为是金属Cu膜生长从不连续膜进入连续膜的

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锡林郭勒草原位于内蒙古自治区中部,草地面积居我国11片重点牧区之首,是我国温带典型草原的核心分布区和重要的草地畜牧业生产基地。长期以来,锡林郭勒草原作为我国北方地区的一道重要的绿色生态屏障,有效地阻止了草原腹地的土壤侵蚀、沙化以及来自中亚和我国西部的沙尘侵害,对于维持整个华北地区,特别是京、津大都市的生态环境安全起着极其重要的作用。然而,近几十年来,由于人类活动的强度干扰锡林郭勒草原发生了严重退化,生产力显著降低,草原的生态服务功能日益衰减。本文以锡林郭勒草原传统的游牧文化和草地利用方式的变迁作为切入点,以锡林河流域为案例,深入分析了社会驱动力在草地退化过程中的主导作用,目的在于揭示土地利用方式的变化、农牧业人口的剧增和牲畜数量在时间和空间分布的变化趋势与锡林河流域草地退化的关系,进而探求锡林河流域草地畜牧业的可持续发展途径。同时,近年来由于草地退化速度的加剧和草地退化面积的不断扩张,以及世界许多资源保护计划和可持续发展项目的失败,人类原始的土著文化对当地生态环境的保护和维持作用,引起了自然和社会科学界共同的关注,本文应用草地调查和社会调查的方法以及GIS技术对锡林河流域草地退化时空分布规律及其成因进行了研究。 原始游牧是锡林郭勒草原历史悠久的草地利用方式,而草原游牧文化则是蒙古族传统文化的重要组成部分。随着人类社会不断地走向文明和现代化,传统的游牧逐渐地被半定居和定居定牧的方式所取代,蒙古族传统的草原游牧文化也随之走向衰落。本文采用社会调查方法对锡林河流域已经结束了50多年的游牧利用方式进行考察,探讨了不同土地利用方式时空格局,以及土地利用方式变迁对草地退化格局的影响,进而强调了传统的草原游牧文化对于人类的行为规范、价值观念、环境保护和维持生态系统功能的重要意义。 以1984年和2004年开展的大量草地调查数据为基础,结合同期的TM数据,分析了20年来锡林河流域草地退化程度及其空间分布,结果发现锡林河流域草地退化面积达到70%之多,从东南向西北草地退化程度明显加剧。同上世纪80年代中期相比,锡林河流域植被在近20余年来的变化状况表现为:局部恢复,部分地区变化不明显,总体上呈现出不断恶化的发展势头。通过对位于 锡林河流域的锡林浩特市及其邻近地区的社会驱动因子的分析,并应用统计学和GIS空间分析的方法,对锡林河流域土地利用、牧业人口和牲畜数量等因子在近35年来的变化过程进行了系统研究,发现土地利用变化、人口的急剧增加、以及过度放牧是导致锡林河流域草地退化加剧的主要原因。 在上述分析的基础上,以适应性生态系统管理和可持续性科学的基本理论为指导,对锡林河流域的生态环境保护和草地畜牧业的可持续发展提出了一些具体的建议和措施。

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本文报道了腑衣、梅花肠、肝素钠、硫酸皮肤素、磷酸单酯酶、冠心舒和肠渣饲料蛋白的用途以厦利用猪小肠制取的方 法,并就综合利用问题进行了探讨。

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对49例确诊为原发性习惯性流产(41.76%)中的29例采用丈夫肘静脉血40ml分离淋巴细胞行主动免疫治疗(一般妊娠前治疗两次,妊娠后治疗两次),现有17例妊娠,其中11例已分娩;5例在中期妊娠;1例失败。妊娠成功率为94.12%(16/17)。另20例未经主动免疫治疗作为对照组,妊娠成功率为27.78%(5/18),两组相比差异有显著性(P<0.05),对部分病例进行了治疗前免疫状态检测,包括微淋巴细胞毒抗体阴性,杀伤淋巴细胞低下改变的检测。结果提示丈夫淋巴细胞主动免疫法的有效性及可提高患者免疫反应性,有较可靠的临床效果及应用价值。

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应用抑制差减杂交、末端快速扩增和基因步移技术,克隆并鉴定了乌鳢干扰素刺激基因Viperin和ISG15及其启动子序列.Viperin cDNA全长1474nt,包含1059nt的开放阅读框,编码352个氨基酸.除N末端70个氨基酸外,Viperin蛋白氨基酸序列在鱼类和哺乳类具有高度的保守性.ISG15 cDNA全长758nt,包含468nt的开放阅读框,编码155个氨基酸,含有两个泛素样(UBL)结构域,C末端具有保守的UB偶联结构(LRGG).Viperin和ISG15启动子区存在保守的干扰素刺激反应