6 resultados para Salvia officinalis L.

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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本文应用植物引种驯化,栽培学及植物化学的理论方法对引入我国的迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalisL)精油和抗氧化剂进行了研究.主要结果如下; 1、昆明地区的生态气候条件最适宜迷迭香生长。南京地区局部良好环境也能满足迷迭香正常生长需要。北京地区在保护栽培的情况下,迷迭香才能够安全越冬。 2、用GC-MS和GC-IR鉴定了迷迭香精油的23种成分。不同采收期精油成分含量变化有3种类型,即似单峰曲线,似8曲线和w曲线。一年生与二年生苗在精油成分含量上略有差异。与主要栽培国相比,我国不同引种地精油成分化学类型各具特点,北京地区α—蒎稀(31.58%)含量很高,南京地区富含樟脑(14.86%)乙酸龙脑酯(7.97%)和龙脑(6.90%)含量也相对较高,昆明地区则是α—蒎稀(24.32%)和1.8—桉叶油素(24.43%)含量并重。 乙酸龙脑酯含量的高低对精油香气质量优劣起关键作用。北京地区雨季来临收获(7月初)精油香气质量最好。南京地区,11月初精油香气质量也属优质。本实验未能得到高质量的昆明地区精油。 3、从迷迭香蒸油残渣中分离得到三种抗氧化成分,迷迭香酚( Rosrmanol)、鼠尾草酚(Carnosol)和迷迭香双醛(R0smadial,并用质谱,核磁做了鉴定.硫氰铁酸法、TBA法、AOM法检测了三种成分的抗氧化效能.Rosmanol多双键不饱和脂肪酸抗氧化效果显著,CarnosolBHT在不同双键脂肪酸中抗氧化效果稳定,Rosmadial抗氧化效果则随不饱和双键数目的增加而降低。在猪油中,抗氧化效能的强度顺序为Rosmanol >carnosol>BR>Rosmadial 抗氧化物质在植株体内是不断积累的。不同引种地迷选香抗氧化效能的强弱差异表现为昆明>北京>南京。 迷迭香的正己烷,两酮提取物抗氧化效能都是随着添加量的增加而增强、丙酮提取物的抗氧化效能优于正己烷提取物。 对迷迭香抗氧化剂提取工艺做了探讨,得到R-1,R—2,R-3三种小试样品,R-2,R-3的抗氧化效果优于BHT.B—l近于BET。

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本论文由三章组成。第一章为综述,概述了植物中环烯醚萜类化合物的研究进展;第二和第三章为实验论文,分别报道了唇形科药用植物绵参和蔷薇科药用植物地榆的化学成分研究。 第一章概述了植物中环烯醚萜类化合物的研究成果,主要包括结构类型及药理活性等方面。 第二章包括两个部分。第一部分报道了藏药绵参(Eriophyton wallichii Benth)地上部分甲醇提取物的化学成分。采用正、反相硅胶柱层析等各种分离方法,从中共分离出7个化合物,有6个化合物为首次从该植物中分离得到,分别为β-谷甾醇(1),夏至草苦素(marrubiin,2),乌苏酸(3),cimigoside(4),5-deoxyantirrhinoside(5),8-表马钱子酸葡萄糖苷(8-epiloganic acid,6)和apigenin 7-(6''-p-coumaroyl)glucoside(7)。第二部分,采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术对绵参地上部分的甲醇提取物进行了分析,通过标准品对照紫、外光谱分析以及多级质谱分析与文献对照鉴定了8个成分,分别是:8-epiloganic acid(Ⅰ),quercitrin 3-glucoside-7-(6''-p-coumaroyl)glucoside(Ⅱ),ajugoside(I) (Ⅲ),chrysoeriol 7-O-E-p-coumaroyl-3-O-b-D-glucoside(Ⅳ),helichrysoside(Ⅴ),生物碱(Ⅵ),apigenin 2,3-dihydrogen-7-(6''-p-coumaroyl) glucoside(Ⅶ),apigenin 7-(6''-p-coumaroyl) glucoside(Ⅷ)。 第三章报道了中药地榆根部乙醇提取物正丁醇相的化学成分,通过正、反相硅胶柱层析等各种分离方法,从中分离得到8个化合物,分别为3,4¢- O-二甲基逆没食子酸(8),3,3¢,4¢-O-三甲基逆没食子酸(9)和3,4¢-O-二甲基逆没食子酸-4-O-b-D-木糖苷(10),19a-羟基-3-O-(a-L-阿拉伯糖)乌苏酸-28-O-b-D-葡萄糖苷(11), 3b-[(a-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-urs-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid b-D- glucopyranosyl ester(13),3-O-a-L-arabinopyranosyl-urs-12,18(19)-dien-28-oic acid b-D-glucopyranosyl ester(14),儿茶素(15),还有一种可能是皂苷11的工作产物(12)。 This dissertation consisted of three chapters. The first chapter elaborated the progress of iridoids occurring in plants. The later two chapters respectively elaborated the chemical constituents of Eriophyton wallichii Benth. and Sanguisorba officinalis L. The first chapter is a review of the research progress of iridoids occurring in plants, which includes their structure and pharmacology. The second chapter consisted of two parts. The first part is about the chemical constituents of methanol extraction from the aerial parts of Eriophyton wallichii Benth. Seven compounds were isolated and identified. Among them, the compounds of marrubiin, ursolic acid, cimigoside, 5-deoxyantirrhinoside, 8-epiloganic acid,apigenin 7-(6''-p-coumaroyl)glucoside were firstly reported in this plant. A HPLC-MSn method was developed for rapid identification of major compounds of Eriophyton wallichii. A total of 8 peaks in the chromatograms were unequivocally determined (peaks 1, 8) or tentatively identified (peaks 2-7) based on the detailed UV and tandem mass spectra analysis. Seven components were identified as 8-epiloganic acid(Ⅰ),Quercitrin 3-glucoside-7-(6''-p-coumaroyl)glucoside(Ⅱ),ajugoside(I)(Ⅲ),Chrysoeriol 7-O-E-p-coumaroyl-3-O-b-D-glucoside(Ⅳ),helichrysoside(Ⅴ),apigenin 2,3-dihydrogen-7-(6''-p-coumaroyl) glucoside(Ⅵ),apigenin 7-(6''-p-coumaroyl) glucoside(Ⅶ)。 The third chapter elaborated the chemical constituents of methanol extraction from Sanguisorba officinalis L, eight compounds were isolated from this plant by repeat column chromatography over silica gel. These compounds were identified as 3,4′-O-dimethylellagic acid, 3,3′,4′-O-trimethylellagic acid, 3,4′-O-dimethylellagic acid-4-O-b-D-xyloside, 3b-O-a-L-arabinopyranosyl-19a- hydroxyl-urs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-b-D-glucopyranoside, 3b-[(a-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-urs-11,13(18)-dien- 28-oic acid b-D-glucopyranosyl ester,3-O-a-Larabinopyranosyl-urs-12,18(19) -dien-28-oic acid b-D-glucopyranosyl ester, catechin.

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稻属(Oryza L.)属于禾本科稻族(Oryzeae Dumortier)。本属包括AA,BB,BBCC,CC,CCDD,EE,FF,GG,HHJJ和HHKK十个基因组,二十余种。其中Oryza officinalis复合体包括BB,BBCC,CC,CCDD和EE五个基因组,九个种。众多的学者对该复合体进行了广泛深入的研究,为后续研究奠定了坚实的基础。然而,迄今为止,多倍体物种形成问题许多没有解决,基因组间的关系尚未完全阐明,甚至有些多倍体物种的基因组组成仍未确认。 本文评述了Oryza officinalis复合体中基因组研究的历史和现状,用基因组原位杂位(GISH)的方法,对该复合体四倍体物种的基因组组成作了验证;对B,C,D和E四个基因组间的关系进行了研究。同时对基因组原位杂交的方法,原位杂交鉴定多倍体基因组的组成以及研究基因组间关系的方法作了一些探讨。其主要研究结果如下: 一. 原杂交方法的研究:1)染色体制片:比较研究了不同的制片方法,发现压片法适用于大染色体的材料;将酶解/空气干燥法(Fukui et al., 1992)加以改进后,特别适宜于小染色体植物材料的制片。2)根尖储存时间和条件对原位杂交的影响:发现在-20 ℃的酒精(70%)中储存8个月以内的根尖材料,可用于原位杂交;而在-20 ℃的固定液中储藏18个月的根尖,DNA降解严重,不能用于GISH。3)探针标记:比较了随机引物法、缺口平移法和两步标记法(先用随机引物标记后,再用缺口平移法进行标记的方法)的优缺点。结果显示两步标记法是最佳标记方法。 二. GISH鉴定异源多倍体的方法:用两个异源四倍体Oryza minuta和Scilla sinensis (2n = 34)做染色体制片,进行原位杂交实验,结果表明:1)用二倍体亲本基因组之一做探针而不用封阻DNA, 可以鉴别Oryza minuta而不能鉴别Scilla sinensis中的基因组。2)用一个二倍体亲本做探针而用另一个做封阻,能够区分Scilla sinensis的两个基因组;但过量的封阻DNA将可以造成一些实验假象。3)同时用两个亲本的DNA做探针,不仅能够有效分辨不同的基因组,还能够根据交叉杂交程度推测基因组间的分化程度,是鉴别异源多倍体最有效的方法。 三. GISH鉴定稻属四倍体的基因组组成:1)Oryza minuta, O. punctata和O. malampuzhaensis的基因组的组成都为BBCC。2)Oryza minuta中B基因组和二倍体O. punctata中的B基因组之间存在着明显的基因组内分化。3)O. alta是一个异源多倍体,其基因组组成为CCDD。但C和D之间的分化不彻底,可以认为它不是一个严格意义上的异源多倍体。 四. GISH研究B,C,D和E基因组间的关系:1)B基因组和C基因组之间的关系最远;E和C之间的分化同E和B之间的分化程度接近,但E和C之间的分化比E和D之间的分化要小一些;C和D之间的分化不彻底,关系最近。

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The effect of C-12(6+) heavy ions bombardment on mutagenesis in Salvia splendens Ker-Gawl. was studied. Dose-response studies indicated that there was a peak of malformation frequency of S. splendens at 200 Gy. Abnormal leaf mutants of the bileaf, trileaf and tetraleaf conglutination were selected. Meanwhile, a bicolor flower chimera with dark red and fresh red flower was isolated in M1 generation of S. splendens. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis demonstrated that DNA variations existed among the wild-type, fresh and dark red flower shoots of the chimera. The dark red flower shoots of the chimera were conserved and cultivated at a large-scale through micropropagation. MS supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BA and 0.3 mg/L NAA was the optimal medium in which the maximum proliferation ratio (5.2-fold) and rooting rate (88%) were achieved after 6 weeks. Our findings provide an important method to improve the ornamental quality of S. splendens.

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The adsorption Of DL-homocysteine (Hcy) and L-homocysteine thiolactone (HTL) on Au(1 1 1) electrode was investigated in 0.1 M HClO4 by cyclic voltammetry and in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Hcy and HTL molecules formed highly ordered adlayers on Au(1 1 1) surface. High-resolution STM images revealed the orientation and packing arrangement in the ordered adlayers. Hcy molecules formed (2root3 x 3root3)R30degrees adlayer structure and H-bonds between carboxyl groups were assumed to be responsible for the origin of tail-to-tail or head-to-head molecular arrangement, while HTL molecules formed (4 x 6) adlayer structure, and two different orientations and appearances in the ordered adlayer were found. Structural models were proposed for the two adlayers.