~(210)Pb和~(137)Cs法对比研究武汉东湖现代沉积速率

对采自东湖 站和 站的沉积物采用210Pb和137Cs相结合的方法测定沉积速率,210Pb法测出东湖 站和 站的沉积速率为8.73mm/a和6.90mm/a,137Cs测出东湖 站和 站的沉积速率为7.4mm/a和5.8mm/a.分析了两种方法测定结果差异产生的原因,并与以往的研究相对比,探讨东湖沉积速率空间分布的规律性,沉积速率变化与人类活动的关系、沉积速率与扰动的关系.

利用水生植物清除水体中放射性物质的研究 (Ⅲ)水生植物对Sr~(90)、Y~(91)、Cs~(137)、Ce~(144)的积累、释放及Ca对Sr~(90)吸收的影响

5种水生植物对所用4种放射性同位素都有一定的清除能力,其清除能力的大小不仅取决于生物的种类,而且还取决于生物本身代谢率的高低。试验结果:去污率高的可达80%,积累系数最高可达1,500;水体中含Ca量的多少对生物吸收积累放射性物质的多少有一定的影响;生物在积累放射性物质之后,转移到无放射性物质的水体中将释放出原积累的一部分放射性物质。

The reproductive traits of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario L.) from the Yadong River, Tibet

Some key aspects of the reproductive strategy of the brown trout (Salmo trutta fario L.) in the Yadong River, Tibet, including spawning season, age at sexual maturity, fecundity and egg size, have been studied. The majority of the samples were less than 215 mm and age ranged from 1 to 4 in both sexes, indicating that the majority of the fish were younger and the pressure by overfishing was high. The spawning periodicity was determined to be between the end of October and January, mainly in November and December. The ratio of male to female brown trout population (1.29:1 with P > 0.05) suggested no sex significant differences, although males were significantly more abundant than females in October (P < 0.0001) on monthly basis. Age and size of males and females at maturity was different and males matured earlier than females. Fecundity was markedly correlated with their body weight (P < 0.001, r = 0.9255), standard length (P < 0.01, r = 0.8879), and gonad weight (P < 0.001, r = 0.9366). The mean size of mature eggs in the spawning season was: 4.0 +/- 0.45 mm and tended to increase along with the female spawners size (P < 0.001, r = 0.9641). Further researches about the brown trout population in the Yadong River should be conducted on issues such as artificial reproduction, culture, conservation, management, and restocking.

Two cathelicidin genes are present in both rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Further to the previous finding of the rainbow trout rtCATH_1 gene, this paper describes three more cathelicidin genes found in salmonids: two in Atlantic salmon, named asCATH_1 and asCATH_2, and one in rainbow trout, named rtCATH_2. All the three new salmonid cathelicidin genes share the common characteristics of mammalian cathelicidin genes, such as consisting of four exons and possessing a highly conserved preproregion and four invariant cysteines clustered in the C-terminal region of the cathelin-like domain. The asCATH_1 gene is homologous to the rainbow trout rtCATH_1 gene, in that it possesses three repeat motifs of TGGGGGTGGC in exon IV and two cysteine residues in the predicted mature peptide, while the asCATH_2 gene and rtCATH_2 gene are homologues of each other, with 96% nucleotide identity. Salmonid cathelicidins possess the same elastase-sensitive residue, threonine, as hagfish cathelicidins and the rabbit CAP18 molecule. The cleavage site of the four salmonid cathelicidins is within a conserved amino acid motif of QKIRTRR, which is at the beginning of the sequence encoded by exon W. Two 36-residue peptides corresponding to the core part of rtCATH_1 and rtCATH_2 were chemically synthesized and shown to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity. rtCATH_2 was expressed constitutively in gill, head kidney, intestine, skin and spleen, while the expression of rtCATH_1 was inducible in gill, head kidney, and spleen after bacterial challenge. Four cathelicidin genes have now been characterized in salmonids and two were identified in hagfish, confirming that cathelicidin genes evolved early and are likely present in all vertebrates.

确定~(137)Cs背景值所需的采样点数与采样面积

137Cs背景值的确定是利用核示踪技术研究土壤侵蚀的前提和根本,直接关系到侵蚀速率计算的准确与否。而大部分研究对137Cs背景值的确定均采取随机采样,没有统一的采样点数与确定的采样面积。本研究利用网格加密采样法,对未扰动地和长期耕种且未平整的农耕地各两块样地的137Cs背景值空间变异进行了分析,结果表明:在未扰动地与农耕地采样地块,137Cs采样点数与背景值空间变异系数都存在指数回归关系;在未扰动地块137Cs背景值存在较大空间变异性,且随着网格面积的扩大137Cs空间变异系数表现为增加趋势,在0.25m2范围内选取最少11个样点才能满足试验精度;在农耕地采样地块,因长期的耕种作用使得137Cs在耕层中混合相对均匀,137Cs背景值空间变异性显著变小,最少选取7个样点就能满足试验精度,且不受采样面积的影响。

~(137)Cs示踪技术背景值研究进展与建议

利用环境核素137Cs示踪技术研究土壤侵蚀被越来越多的科研人员所采用,而背景值的确定是利用该技术研究土壤侵蚀的前提和根本,直接关系到侵蚀速率计算的准确与否。本文从137Cs背景值采样点的选取方式,137Cs全球空间分布预报模型以及影响137Cs沉降因素等方面进行了总结性综述,对137Cs背景值研究应注意的问题和今后研究重点提出了建议。

Application Of (CS)-C-137 fingerprinting technique to interpreting sediment production records from reservoir deposits in a small catchment of the Hilly Loess Plateau；China

IEECAS SKLLQG

Assessing soil erosion rates on manually-tilled hillslopes in the Sichuan Hilly Basin using Cs-137 and Pb-210(ex) measurements

IEECAS SKLLQG

半固定沙丘表面的~(137)Cs沉积特征

利用137Cs示踪技术对干草原地区半固定沙丘表面的蚀积规律进行了初步研究。通过半固定沙丘表面不同部位137Cs剖面分布型式及其总量与背景值样点的对比分析，认为半固定沙丘表面存在微弱的风沙活动，其中沙丘中上部表现为风蚀状态，迎风坡脚与背风坡脚均为沉积部位。这一尝试性研究为风沙地貌研究提供了新思路。

干草原地区土壤~(137)Cs沉积特征

应用１３７Ｃｓ示踪技术研究了半干旱干草原地区土壤风蚀过程和强度．根据不同地貌和植被条件　下土壤剖面中的１３７Ｃｓ沉积特征与背景值样点的对比分析，认为缓起伏草地和半固定沙丘处于轻度风　蚀与堆积状态，蚀积速率小于０．１０８　ｃｍ／ａ；半流动沙丘表面风沙活动强烈，背风坡堆积速率大于１．３５ｃｍ／ａ．