Origin and evolution of the RIG-I like RNA helicase gene family

Background: The DExD/H domain containing RNA helicases such as retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) are key cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) for detecting nucleotide pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of invading viruses. The RIG-I and MDA5 proteins differentially recognise conserved PAMPs in double stranded or single stranded viral RNA molecules, leading to activation of the interferon system in vertebrates. They share three core protein domains including a RNA helicase domain near the C terminus (HELICc), one or more caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARDs) and an ATP dependent DExD/H domain. The RIG-I/MDA5 directed interferon response is negatively regulated by laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2) and is believed to be controlled by the mitochondria antiviral signalling protein (MAVS), a CARD containing protein associated with mitochondria. Results: The DExD/H containing RNA helicases including RIG-I, MDA5 and LGP2 were analysed in silico in a wide spectrum of invertebrate and vertebrate genomes. The gene synteny of MDA5 and LGP2 is well conserved among vertebrates whilst conservation of the gene synteny of RIG-I is less apparent. Invertebrate homologues had a closer phylogenetic relationship with the vertebrate RIG-Is than the MDA5/LGP2 molecules, suggesting the RIG-I homologues may have emerged earlier in evolution, possibly prior to the appearance of vertebrates. Our data suggest that the RIG-I like helicases possibly originated from three distinct genes coding for the core domains including the HELICc, CARD and ATP dependent DExD/H domains through gene fusion and gene/domain duplication. Furthermore, presence of domains similar to a prokaryotic DNA restriction enzyme III domain (Res III), and a zinc finger domain of transcription factor (TF) IIS have been detected by bioinformatic analysis. Conclusion: The RIG-I/MDA5 viral surveillance system is conserved in vertebrates. The RIG-I like helicase family appears to have evolved from a common ancestor that originated from genes encoding different core functional domains. Diversification of core functional domains might be fundamental to their functional divergence in terms of recognition of different viral PAMPs.

视频监控业务管理子系统的软件设计

视频监控系统在城市安全，公路交通，银行柜台交易方面都得到了广泛的应用。视频监控系统经历了从模拟系统到本地数字系统，然后到远程网络系统的发展历程，数字化、网络化、智能化正成为视频监控系统中的重要研究内容。 论文作者参与了国家发改委项目“IPv4/IPv6双协议栈、集中式可大规模部署的运营级多模视频监控业务服务系统”的实施，设计并实现了其中的业务管理子系统，论文以此为背景展开。 论文介绍了网络视频监控的特征和它的发展历程，论述了视频监控业务服务系统的结构与原理，提出了多路视频流下的转发和负载均衡策略，提出了基于无线传感器网络的报警调度策略，讨论了业务管理子系统中的控制服务器、转发服务器和存储服务器的软件设计，测试了转发服务器的性能。

新型固定式烧毁炉系统研究

介绍了一种新型的固定式烧毁炉系统,该系统主要用于装药量100gTNT当量以下的非金属外壳防步兵地雷以及火工品的烧毁处理。通过PLC的自动控制,实现了烧毁处理过程的自动协调控制;同时,配备了视频监控系统,使烧毁工作更安全可靠。本设计完全满足工艺要求,实际应用中提高了工作效率。

Range-Gated Laser Stroboscopic Imaging for Night Remote Surveillance

For night remote surveillance, we present a method, the range-gated laser stroboscopic imaging(RGLSI), which uses a new kind of time delay integration mode to integrate target signals so that night remote surveillance can be realized by a low-energy illuminated laser. The time delay integration in this method has no influence on the video frame rate. Compared with the traditional range-gated laser imaging, RGLSI can reduce scintillation and target speckle effects and significantly improve the image signal-to-noise ratio analyzed. Even under low light level and low visibility conditions, the RGLSI system can effectively work. In a preliminary experiment, we have detected and recognized a railway bridge one kilometer away under a visibility of six kilometers, when the effective illuminated energy is 29.5 mu J.