Thioreduction of cyclopentanone and hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene over sulfided nickel or cobalt-promoted molybdenum on alumina catalysts

Two series of sulfided Ni or Co promoted Mo/alumina catalysts, having different Ni or Co loadings, were characterized by their activities for the transformation of cyclopentanone into cyclopentanethiol (flow reactor, 220 degrees C, atmospheric pressure) and for the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene (flow reactor, 340 degrees C, 3 MPa hydrogen pressure). The addition of the promoter increased significantly the activity of the Mo/alumina catalyst for both reactions, up to a maximum obtained with the catalysts having a (promoter)/(promoter+Mo) molar ratio equal to 0.3-0.4. This increase in activity was due in part to an increase in the hydrogenating properties of the Mo/alumina catalyst. However, an additional modification of the catalyst (basic and nucleophilic properties) must be considered to account for the spectacular effect of the promoter on the rate of the dibenzothiophene direct desulfurization reaction. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

银基催化剂催化氧化反应的研究

银催化剂是工业上较为重要的催化剂，它不仅大量地使用在乙烯环氧化，甲醇脱氢反应中，还在异丙醇氧化脱氢制丙酮，乙醇脱氢制乙醛，乙二醇氧化制乙二醛，烷基胺氧化制睛类化合物等工业过程中广为应用。由于银催化剂具有如此重要的工业应用价值，所以银催化剂一百多年来一直是催化领域的研究重点。银催化剂的特异催化行为得益于银元素较为特殊的电子结构以及氧物种在银催化上的独特催化行为。银催化剂表面既存在导致非选择氧化反应的氧物种（a氧），也存在导致选择氧化反应的氧物种（Y氧），这两种氧物种在催化剂上的状态与反应气氛及催化剂结构密切相关。一氧化碳氧化反应在环境保护、能源利用（燃料电池）、安全防护（火场、煤矿）有较为重要的用途；甲酸甲醋是近年新兴的较为重要的碳一化学中间体，它可以广泛应用于有机合成反应中，也可以作为安全的合成气载体；醇类选择氧化制备相应的醛酮化合物也是有机合成工业的重要反应之一；甲苯气相氧化制备苯甲醛是研究烃类选择氧化较为重要的模型反应，在工业上存在潜在的应用价值。本论文以上述的四个反应为探针反应研究了银基催化剂的催化行为，得到以下的结果：1．以烷基胺为模板剂制备了过渡金属离子掺杂的介孔分子筛，通过模板剂－离子交换技术制备了含银基复合氧化物的介孔分子筛催化剂。该系列催化剂对一氧化碳氧化反应有较好的活性。同时研究了金属盐的种类及掺杂量对介孔分子筛结构的影响，发现金属离子的掺杂会破坏介孔分子筛的结构的有序性，随着掺杂量的增大，介孔分子筛的结构的有序性变差；金属盐的阴离子对介孔分子筛的结构的有序性亦有影响。2．较为系统研究了银基催化剂上由甲醇制备甲酸甲酷的催化行为，发现银基催化剂是一个选择性较高的催化体系。分立测试了不同的氧物种对甲醇反应的影响，提出了a氧与Y氧协同作用的机理，为解决甲醇脱氢反应机理争端提供了有价值的信息。3．系统研究了低级醇在金属银催化剂的脱氢反应，分立测试了不同的氧物种对甲醇、乙醇反应的影响，发现低于550K时不同的氧物种对乙醇的反应性能有显著的差异，认为低温（＜550K）条件下，醇类在金属银催化剂上发生的是氧化脱氢历程。通过借鉴均相醇类氧化脱氢反应研究所取得的成果，试图从本质上解释银是醇类气相氧化脱氢最好的催化剂的原因，即在过渡金属中，金属银上的氧物种的碱性是最强的，氧的再生能力也是很强的。4．在甲苯的选择氧化研究中发现在高温（600℃）、纯氧、甲醇参与的条件下，Pt一Ag催化剂对苯甲醛的收率最好（-6％），提出了分子氧参与生成含氧自由基中间产物、醇类淬灭自由基态中间产物的反应历程，与传统甲苯氧化所经历的Mars-Krevelen机理有差别，为烃类的选择氧化提供了新的信息。

ROLE OF H2S IN THE REDUCTION OF MOO3/AL2O3

MoO3/Al2O3 is reduced at least partly by sulfur which is formed from H2S in sulfidation with H2S/N2 mixture. SO2 formation during TPD of MoO3/Al2O3 with presorbed H2S provides evidence for the explanation.

Epoxidation of propylene on NaCl-modified silver catalysts with air as the oxidant

Propylene epoxidation by air was carried out on NaCl-modified silver (NaCl/Ag) catalysts, and the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effects of NaCl loadings, propylene to oxygen ratio, and the reaction time on the catalytic performance were investigated. It was found that the addition of NaCl to silver significantly increases the propylene oxide (PO) selectivity. The PO yield has a maximum when the NaCl loading is about 10 wt.%. Also 12.4% conversion of propylene and 31.6% selectivity to PO are obtained on the NaCl/Ag (10 wt.%) catalyst at 350 degreesC, space velocity 1.8 x 10(4) h(-1) and C3H6:O-2 = 1:2. XPS and XRD characterizations show that AgCl formed on the silver catalyst was favorable to propylene epoxidation. A compound with highly oxidized Ag ion was also found, which may be effective for the reaction. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.