21 resultados para SCM

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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The dispersion compensation effect of the chirped fiber grating (CFG) is analyzed theoretically, and analytic expressions are derived for composite second-order (CSO) distortion in analog modulated sub-carrier multiplexed (AM-SCM) cable television (CATV) systems with externally and directly modulated transmitters. Simulations are given for the two kinds of modulations and for standard single mode fiber and non-zero dispersion shift fiber (NZDSF) systems. The results show that CFG could be used as a dispersion compensator in directly modulated systems, but its dispersion coefficient should be adjusted much more precisely than the externally modulated system. The requirements for the NZDSF system could be loosened much. It is proposed that directly modulated source may be used as a transmitter in CATV systems combined with tunable CFG dispersion compensator being adjusted precisely, which may be more cost-effective than externally modulation technology. (c) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

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Reliable messaging is a key component necessary for mobile agent systems. Current researches focus on reliable one-to-one message delivery to mobile agents. But how to implement a group communication system for mobile agents remains an open issue, which is a powerful block that facilitates the development of fault-tolerant mobile agent systems. In this paper, we propose a group communication system for mobile agents (GCS-MA), which includes totally ordered multicast and membership management functions. We divide a group of mobile agents into several agent clusters,and each agent cluster consists of all mobile agents residing in the same sub-network and is managed by a special module, named coordinator. Then, all coordinators form a ring-based overlay for interchanging messages between clusters. We present a token-based algorithm, an intra-cluster messaging algorithm and an inter-cluster migration algorithm to achieve atomicity and total ordering properties of multicast messages, by building a membership protocol on top of the clustering and failure detection mechanisms. Performance issues of the proposed system have been analysed through simulations. We also describe the application of the proposed system in the context of the service cooperation middleware (SCM) project.

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I、等离子体聚合TCNQ、TCNE薄膜采用内部电极、电容耦合式、钟罩型RF等离子体聚合装置,在不同的放电功率下,首次进行了TCNQ(四氰基二甲苯醌)、TCNE(四氰基乙烯)的等离子体聚合,并利用红外光谱(IR)、紫外光谱(UV)、元素分析、X线光电子能谱(XPS)对所得聚合物的化学结构进行了表征。结果表明,在TCNQ、TCNE的等离子体聚合物中存在着较大范围的π电子共轭结构体系。通过对其聚合物薄膜的电学性能研究结果发现,随聚合反应条件不同,所制得的聚合物膜电导率在10~(-10)~ 10~(-6)scm~(-1)范围内变化,并且发现这种等离子体聚合膜具有典型的p-型半导体特征,由这些等离子体聚合物薄膜制备的Al电极/聚合物膜/ITO电极夹层元件,在无光照射的暗状态时,都具有较优良的单向导电的整流特性,并且在白色光的照射下,能够产生光生电动势而显示出较好的光电转换特性。另外,这种聚合物薄膜还具有一定的光电导性。本实验通过研究放电功率对等离子体聚合物化学结构的影响时发现,在较低放电功率时,有利于聚合物中较大范围的π电子共轭结构体系的形成。相应的聚合物膜电学性能研究表明,在较低放电功率下制得的聚合物膜具有更优良的电学性能,如在5W低放电功率下制得的TCNQ聚合物薄膜的电导率可达10~(-6)scm~(-1),并且由其制备的夹层元件显示出优良的整流特性,当在白色光照射下,光电转换效率可高达10~(-3)%, 这在目前有机太阳能电池研究中,也属相当优良的有机光电转换材料之列。II、起始单体的化学结构对聚合物膜的结构及电学性质影响利用与I同样的实验方法,选用了一些具有不同化学结构的含氰基有机化合物为起始单体[TCNQ、TCNB(四氰基苯)、邻苯二甲腈、TCNE、二氨基马来腈、乙腈],进行了等离子体聚合,并研究了起始单体结构对聚合物化学结构及电学性质的影响。结果表明,含苯环的氰基化合物在等离子体聚合过程中,具有大π电子共轭结构的苯环保持较好,并能够通过打开C≡N三键向更大范围延续,结果导致相应的等离子体聚合物膜具有较高的电导率,并且由这些聚合物膜制备的Al/聚合物膜/ITO夹层元件显示出优良的整流特性和光电转换性能。相反,当起始单体中的H原子含量较高时,就会导致相应聚合物中π电子共轭链段较短,相应的聚合物也就显示出较差的电学性质。另外,为提高等离子体聚合膜的电学性能,还进行了TCNQ与铜的乙酰丙酮络合物(CuAA)的等离子体共聚合,结果发现聚合膜电学性能明显改善。III、在辉光放电中乙腈等离子体聚合反应历程的研究采用外部电极、电容耦合式、管状RF等离子体聚合装置,在不同放电功率下,不同等离子气体以及不同等离子气体/单体比的反应条件下进行了等离子体聚合。通过考察聚合物膜的淀积规律和红外光谱测试与元素分析提供的聚合物化学结构数据,研究了乙腈在辉光放电中的聚合反应历程。实验结果表明,在低能量下,乙腈的等离子体聚合主要是通过脱氢引发进行的,而在高能量下,通过打开C≡N三键而进行聚合的几率将增大。

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固体电解质是全塑固态电池不可缺少的一个组成部分,近年来得到了迅速的发展。高分子固体电解质由于质量轻,可塑性强,并具且良好的力学性能和机械加工性能,在固体电解质领域内越来越受到人们的重视和关注。高分子固体电解质一般是由聚醚类的高分子主体物和无机盐形成的复合物。聚氧化乙烯(PEO)是高分子主体物中比较优秀的代表,其盐复合物在高温(100 ℃)时电导率可达2 * 10~(-3)Scm~(-1),但由于结晶,其室温电导率很低(10~(-8) ~ 10~(-7)Scm~(-1)),远远满足不了室温电池的要求。本工作的目的是利用接技和共聚对PEO进行改性,提高复合物室温电导率。主要工作和结论有下列几点:(1)采用二步法合成了列三种单体:CH_2-CH CH_2O(CH_2CH_2O)_nCH_3 (n = 0,1,2),通过改进反应条件,提高了产物收率。(2)考察了不同烷基铝多元催化剂对上述单体聚合的催化性能,发现只有Al(i-Bu)_3-Zn(acac)_2-H_2O和AlEt_3-Hacac-H_2O对单体聚合的催化效果较好。(3)DSC分析的结果表明,上述单体的均聚物不易结晶;聚合物玻璃化温度分别为-64 ℃(n = 0),-75 ℃ (n = 1)和-86 ℃(n = 2),都比PEO(Tg = -57 ℃)低,这对提高复合物电导率应该是有利的。(4)利用环氧丙烷(Po)与环氧烷(Eo)共聚,大幅度降低了聚合物的结晶性,当共聚物中Po含量达到40%时,聚合物几乎是完全非晶的。(5)利用DSC、X-射线衍射、偏光显微镜等手段对均聚物和共聚物的 NaScN和LiClO_4复合物的聚集态结构进行了研究,发现复合物中没有结晶络合物相存在,这与PEO体系是不同的。复合物结晶度随聚合物结构和盐含量的不同而变化。(6)共聚改性是提高复合物室温电导率的有效手段。共聚物与NaScN和LiClO_4复合物在25 ℃时的电导率分别达到了5 * 10~(-5)Scm~(-1)和1.1 * 10~(-4)Scm~(-1),与PEO体系相比提高了2 ~ 3个数量级。(7)梳状均聚物虽然结晶度和玻璃化温度都很低,但其盐复合物的室温电导率不高,只有10~(-6)Scm~(-1)数量级,这与我们预期的结果不一致。(8)聚合物一盐复合物的电导率随聚合结构以及盐的种类和含量的变化而不同。对于无机盐来说,阴离子相同时,复合物电导率随阳离子半径的增大而增大,随着盐浓度的变化,复合物电导率出现一个极大值。另外,成膜溶剂、水份等都对复合物电尼率有很大的影响。(9)考察了复合物电导率随温度的变化情况。高温(~100 ℃)时,复合物电导率都比PEO体系低,说明为提高复合物室温电导率而对PEO进行的改性是以牺牲其高温电导率为代价的。

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目前对高分子固体电解质的研究大多着眼于以聚氧化乙烯(PEO)为主体聚合物的各种碱金属盐络合物,大量研究表明,PEO是迄今为止络合效果最佳的高分子主体物,其盐络合物的高温电导率可达2 * 10~(-3) scm~(-1)。但在室温下由于PEO的结晶阻碍了离子的迁移,从而使其应用范围受到局限。本工作选用高柔顺性的聚硅氧烷作为骨架与低分子量聚醚接技合成出了一种新型的高分子固体电解质主体材料,并对其碱金属盐络合物的电性能进行了研究。

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聚合物固体电解质是近几年来引起人们高度重视的一种新型功能材料。由于质轻、可塑性强,可加工成溥膜等特点,使它在固体电池,燃料电池,电化学元件和分离膜等方面的应用上显示了很大的优越性,尤其在全固态高能密锂电池的应用上已成为强有力的竞争者。聚合物固体电解质是一类由聚醚类主体聚合物与无机盐形成的络合物。目前研究的大多是以取环氧乙烷(PEO)为主体聚合物的各种碱金属盐络合物。研究表明,PEO是迄今为止所发现的络合能力最强的主体聚合物,与无机盐络合后高温电导率可达2 * 10~(-3)scm~(-1),但室温下由于PEO的高结晶性阻碍了离子的迁移,电导率只有10~(-8)-10~(-7)scm~(-1),从而使其应用范围受到局限,本工作采用共聚、交联及添加低分子增塑剂的方法制得了既具有较高室温电导率又具有良好机械加工性能的聚合物电解质。主要工作及结论如下:1、选择了带有双键的烯丙基缩水甘油醚这一单体与环氧乙烷共聚,制得了P(EO-AGE)二元共聚物。讨论了不同催化剂对产物结构和性能的影响,发现AlEt_3-H_2O-acac的催化效果较好。DSC和X-射线衍射结果表明,共聚使PEO的结晶受阻,其结晶度随着AGE含量的增大而减小。共聚物的玻璃化转变温度及溶点均较纯PEO的低。由二元共聚物和LiClO_4组成的P(EO-AGE)-LiClO_4络合物室温电导率达2*10~(-5)scm~(-1),较纯PEO-LiClO_4体系高2-3个数量级。2、在二元共聚物的研究基础上,合成了(环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷-烯丙基缩水甘油醚)三元共聚物,P(EO-PO-AGE)。结果表明,三元共聚物具有更低的玻璃化转变温度和更多的无定形结构。P(EO-PO-AGE)-LiClO_4络合物的室温电导率达5 * 10~(-5)scm~(-1)。3、对P(EO-AGE)-LiClO_4和P(EO-PO-AGE)-LiClO_4络合物结构的研究发现,络合物在L:/O=0.20-0.125(mol)范围内呈现完全无定形的结构,当L:/O分别为0.33和0.25(mol)时,在X-射线衍射图上出现了新的结晶衍射峰。证实了组成分别为O/Li=3和O/Li=4的结晶络合物的存在。4、对P(EO-AGE)-LiClO_4和P(EO-PO-AGE)-LiClO_4络合物电导的研究表明,电导对温度的依赖性服从VTF方程:σ=AT~(-1/2)e~(-B/(T-To)),呈现典型的非晶电解质电导行为,但在50-70 ℃范围内lg(σT~(1/2)~1/(T-To)曲线出现转折。络合物电导与盐浓度的关系表现出与理论相一致的结果,即在某一盐浓度下存在一极大值,对P(EO-AGE)-LiClO_4和P(EO-PO-AGE)-LiClO_4体系,电导极大值都出现在O/Li=20处。此处,还讨论了共聚物组成,阴离子,阳离子种类及离子对对络合物电导率的影响。5、采用添加低分子增塑剂聚乙二醇(PEG400)的方法不仅提高了聚合物电解质柔顺性,使分子链段活动性增加,而且增加了体系的无定形区,为离子迁移提供了新的导电通递。增塑P(EO-PO-AGE)-LiClO_4络合物的电导随着增塑剂含量的增大而升高,60%(vol)PEG400增塑的P(EO-PO-AGE)-LiClO_4聚合物电解质膜的电导率可达10~(-4)scm~(-1)(25 ℃)。增塑的电解质膜不仅具有较高的室温电导率,而且具有良好的热稳定性,在700 ℃下无相分离;于干燥气氛下放置一年无蠕变流动现象,电导亦无变化。6、采用硫化和辐射交联法制得具有网络结构的聚合物电解质膜。交联后的电解质膜尺寸稳定性增加,拉伸强度和断裂伸长均成倍增加,抗溶剂性能提高,具有良好的可加工性。硫化交联所得的P(EO-AGE)-LiClO_4和P(EO-PO-AGE)-LiClO_4网络电解质膜的室温电导率仍可达10~(-5)scm~(-1),而经辐射交联所得的PEG400增塑的P(EO-PO-AGE)-LiClO_4电解质膜的室温电导率可达10~(-4)scm~(-1)。交联电解质膜具有与未交联电解质膜相似的电导行为。

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由极性聚合物-碱金属盐构成的聚合物固体电解质(SPE)是一类很有前途的离子导电材料。但此类SPE,比通常非水介质电解质溶液约低3个数量级,故极需发展电导率更高的新型SPE材料。目前,由极性(或交联)聚合物、碱金属盐和高介电常数溶剂三组份构成的新一代SPE正在崛起,其室温电导率的达10~(-3)S·cm~(-1)。本工作以甲基丙烯酸多缩乙二醇二酯为大分子单体,研究了三组份凝胶电解质的制备、各组分的变化和温度等对膜强度和电导率的影响;并研究了该凝胶体系中离子传导机理。

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以分子量为 5 5 0的聚乙二醇单甲醚为侧链 ,苯乙烯 /马来酸酐共聚物为骨架 ,合成了苯乙烯 /马来酸酐共聚物多缩乙二醇酯。用红外光谱、元素分析、DSC、热失重等方法 ,对合成条件、产物结构和性能进行了研究。结果表明 :反应严格按照反应方程进行 ,精制产物是非晶的梳状聚合物。玻璃化转变温度为 30 .6 8℃ ,分解温度为 1 2 0℃。对动态力学性能及其锂盐复合物离子导电性进行了研究 ,表明α转变温度和β转变温度分别是 2 8℃和 -4 7.7℃。随着盐浓度的增加 ,盐浓度与电导率的关系呈现出双峰或多峰。电导率与温度的依赖关系符合VTF方程。室温电导率最高可达 4.2× 1 0 -5 S·cm-1。

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Comb-like polymers (CP) based on modified alternating methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer with oligo-oxyethylene side chains of the type -O(CH2CH2O)(n)CH3 have been synthesized and characterized, and complexed with lithium salts to form amorphous polymer electrolytes. CP/salt complexes showed conductivity up to 10(-5)Scm(-1) at room temperature. The temperature dependence of ionic conductivity suggests that the ion transport is controlled by segmental motion of the polymer, shown by linear curves obtained in Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher plots. The ionic conductivity maximum moves to a higher salt concentration as the temperature increases. IR results indicate that the ester in CP might decompose at 140 degrees C and reproduce the maleic anhydride ring.

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A comb polymer with oligo-oxyethylene side chains of the type -(CH2CB2O)(12)CH3 was prepared from methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer and poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether. The polymer can dissolve LiClO4 salt to form homogeneous amorphous polymer electrolyte. The ac ion conduction was measured using the complex impedance method, and conductivities were investigated as functions of temperatures and salt concentration. The complexes were first found to have two classes of glass transition which increase with increasing salt content, The optimum conductivity attained at 25 degrees C is in the order of 5.50 x 10(-6)Scm(-1). IR spectroscopy was used to study the cation-polymer interaction.

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A comb-shaped polymer (BM350) with oligo-oxyethylene side chains of the type -O(CH2CH2O)(7)CH3 was prepared from methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer. Homogeneous amorphous polymer electrolyte complexes were made from the comb polymer and LICF(3)SO(3) by solvent casting from acetone, and their conductivities were measured as a function of temperature and salt concentration. Maximum conductivity close to 5.08 X 10(-5) Scm(-1) was obtained at room temperature and at a [Li]/[EO] ratio of about 0.12. The conductivity which displayed non-Arrhenius behaviour was analyzed using the Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher equation and interpreted on the basis of the configurational entropy model. The results of mid-IR showed that the coordination of Li+ to side chains made the C-O-C band become broader and shift slightly. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated that the oxygen atoms in the two situations could coordinate to Li+ and this coordination resulted in the reduction of the electron orbit binding energy of F and S.

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The compound [FeCp(Tol)](2)[Ni(mnt)(2)] has been prepared from [FeCp(Tol)]AlCl4 and Na-2[Ni(mnt)(2)]. This new organometallic radical ionic salt has been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, H-1 NMR and mass spectroscopy. The X-ray structure of the compound shows there are segregated cation and anion stacks in the perpendicular directions, The molecular anions form a zig-zag stacking along the b axis, and between every two neighbouring anion planes a methyl group of the cation is inserted. This gives rise to a long spacing of 6.87 Angstrom, between the anion planes. The cations stack along the c axis, with the closest spacing of 3.457 Angstrom between the cyclopentadienyl plane and the neighbouring toluene plane, which is shorter than the sum of Van der Wall's radii. Conductivity measurements showed the compound as a semiconductor with a room temperature conductivity of 1.6 X 10(-4) Scm(-1).

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制备了室温电导率较高(10~(-4)S·cm~(-1)),力学性能较好的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷共聚物-Li-ClO_4复合物薄膜,研究了共聚物组成对结晶及对复合物室温电导率的影响,考察了高氯酸锂浓度对复合物室温电导率的影响以及复合物电导的温度依赖关系,发现复合物中没有结晶配合物,其结晶度随聚合物结构和盐含量不同而变化,室温下呈弹性体。

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本文合成了聚(环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷-烯丙基缩水甘油醚,三元共聚物,P(EO-PO-AGE)。扭辨分析、DSC、X-射线衍射结果表明,三元共聚物的玻璃化转变温度较低(T_g=-74℃),无定形结构含量~98%,并确定了与LiClO_4组成为Li/O(mole)=0.25的结晶络合物存在。络合物电导行为的研究发现,络合物电导与盐浓度有关,在Li/O(mole)=0.05时具有较大值,室温下电导可达5×10~-5)scm~(-1)。

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本文采用内部电极、电容耦合式钟罩型射频等离子体聚合装置,首次进行了四氰代对二次甲基苯醌(TCNQ)的等离子体聚合,得到了电导率为10~(-8)~10~(-6)Scm~(-1)的聚合物半导体薄膜。由这些聚合物薄膜制备的Al/聚合膜/ITO(铟锡氧化物透明电极)夹层元件显示出整流特性和光生伏打效应。这种聚合物薄膜还具有光电导性质。红外光谱(IR)、紫外光谱(UV)的研究结果表明,优良的半导体特性归因于聚合膜中存在有较大范围的π电子共轭结构。