61 resultados para Ria de Aveiro (Portugal) - Séc. 19-21

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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一、面临的形势在人类文明的车轮辗过数千年后,现已跨入崭新的时代之际,人类的前景却越来越暗淡,环顾当今世界,人口爆炸、粮食紧缺、生态破坏、环境污染、经济危机等社会问题,一个又一个的危机,不仅使人类已有的文明成果黯然失色,而且使人类的未来也越来越充满艰险。英国著名的生态学家爱德华·戈德把全球的生态环境恶化喻为第三次世界大战。他说,由于这场大战,“大自然在崩溃,在衰亡,其速度之快,以致如果让这种趋势继续发展,自然界将很快失去供养人类生存的能力”。这似乎是危言耸听,但严峻的现实却必须引起人们的高度警惕。生态环境的严重破坏,无论是大气污染、温室效应、全球气候变暖和酸雨等,还是各类人为灾害均大大制约着经济的发展。所以人口———环境———经济如何协调发展,是一个全球性的重大课题。80年代以来,联合国许多国际组织,以及绝大多数国家和政府,对此有一种危机感、紧迫感,并做过许多研究和分析,制定相应的政策保护环境。联合国粮农组织将1989年世界粮食日主题定为“粮食与环境”;世界卫生组织将1990年世界卫生日主题定为“环境与健康”;联合国教科文组织将90年代列为“国际环境教育10年”,1992年6月在巴西召开的联合国环境与发展大会,...

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海底管道铺设是近海工程建设中的重要环节。由于铺管问题的控制议程具有的非线性,加之边界可动,所以问题的求解比较困难。本文采用奇异摄动法较好地解决了这一问题,并与有限元解作了比较。

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目的应用我国自行研制的无标记光学蛋白质芯片检测乳腺癌组织中的胸苷磷酸化酶(Thymidine phosphorylase,TP),为建立一种快速、简便的临床检测方法进行初步探索。方法将 TP 的多克隆抗体固定于已经过表面改性的固相光学抛光硅片表面上制备无标记光学蛋白质芯片,通过椭偏光学显微成像技术检测20例经病理证实的乳腺浸润性导管癌组织标本和正常组织标本中 TP 水平,以芯片灰度值表示组织中 TP 浓度高低。同时应用 ELISA 方法测定,并比较两种方法检测结果的一致性。结果 20例癌组织的灰度值35.40±11.55,20例正常组织的灰度值为26.80±8.78,两组间差异具显著性意义(P<0.05)。以44.36(正常组织平均值+2倍标准差)为阈值,乳腺癌检测的灵敏度为20.00%,特异度为100.00%。同 ELISA 检测结果相比,在20例乳腺癌组织标本检测中,两种方法的一致性具极显著意义(P<0.01)。结论我国首创的椭偏光学显微成像技术简单、直观,结合光学蛋白质芯片可用于胸苷磷酸化酶的临床检测。

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把我们测得的人眼虹膜组织力学性质参量与兔眼虹膜组织的力学性质参量进行了相关性分析 ,结果表明 :就整体而言 ,人眼虹膜与兔眼虹膜力学特性极为相近 ,没有显著差异。此结果提示人们 ,在研究人眼虹膜的力学特性时 ,采用兔眼虹膜作为标本是合适的 ,但需要进行必要的修正。这可以大大地降低研究成本。

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Size-dependent elastic properties of Ni nanofilms are investigated by molecular dynamics ( MD) simulations with embedded atom method (EAM). The surface effects are considered by calculating the surface relaxation, surface energy, and surface stress. The Young's modulus and yield stress are obtained as functions of thickness and crystallographic orientation. It is shown that the surface relaxation has important effects on the the elastic properties at nanoscale. When the surface relaxation is outward, the Young's modulus decreases with the film thickness decreasing, and vice versa. The results also show that the yield stresses of the films increase with the films becoming thinner. With the thickness of the nanofilms decreasing, the surface effects on the elastic properties become dominant.

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A theoretical model is presented to investigate the size-dependent elastic moduli of nanostructures with the effects of the surface relaxation surface energy taken into consideration. At nanoscale, due to the large ratios of the surface-to-volume, the surface effects, which include surface relaxation surface energy, etc., can play important roles. Thus, the elastic moduli of nanostructures become surface- and size-dependent. In the research, the three-dimensional continuum model of the nanofilm with the surface effects is investigated. The analytical expressions of five nonzero elastic moduli of the nanofilm are derived, and then the dependence of the elastic moduli is discussed on the surface effects and the characteristic dimensions of nanofilms.

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Adhesion forces of Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine ( DPPC) membrane in the gel phase are investigated by molecular dynamics ( MD) simulation. In the simulations, individual DPPC molecules are pulled out of DPPC membranes with different rates and we get the maximum adhesion forces of DPPC membrane. We find that the maximum adhesion forces increase with pull rate, from about 400 to 700 pN when pull rates are from 0.001 to 0.03 nm/ps. We analyze the relationship between pull rate and adhesion forces of different origins using Brownian dynamics and notice that viscosity of solvent plays an important role in adhesion forces. Then we simulate the motion of a single DPPC molecule in solvent and it elucidates that the maximum drag force is almost linear with respect to the pull rate. We use Stokes' relation to describe the motion of a single DPPC molecule and deduce the effective length of a DPPC molecule. Conformational analyses indicate that the free energy variation of a DPPC molecule inside and outside of the DPPC membrane is an essential part of adhesion energy.

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采用国产的大模场面积双包层光纤和(2+1)×1多模泵浦耦合器,研制出近衍射极限输出的MOPA式脉冲光纤放大器。基于该放大器,发现种子光输出平均功率对放大性能有一定的影响。在泵浦功率一定的情况下,为保证脉冲光纤放大器稳定可靠地运行,对种子光功率来讲,存在一个特定的取值范围。种子光输出平均功率70 mW时,对该脉冲光纤放大器的放大性能进行了研究。

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以Al2O3和WO3为原料,采用固相反应法制备了负热膨胀性能的Al2(WO4)3粉体。用X射线粉末衍射和扫描电镜分别对粉体进行物相、晶体结构分析和形貌观察;通过热重-差热分析了粉体的热性能;采用热膨胀仪测定了热膨胀系数。结果表明:产物为高纯度正交晶系结构的Al2(WO4)3,形状规则,大小均匀,平均尺寸为0.6μm×0.4μm。从室温到熔点范围内,Al2(WO4)3粉体无相变,不发生分解,30~900℃的平均热膨胀系数为-1.56×10^-6K^-1。

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