Evaluation of a combined wavelet and a combined principal component analysis classification system for BCG diagnostic problem

Heart disease is one of the main factor causing death in the developed countries. Over several decades, variety of electronic and computer technology have been developed to assist clinical practices for cardiac performance monitoring and heart disease diagnosis. Among these methods, Ballistocardiography (BCG) has an interesting feature that no electrodes are needed to be attached to the body during the measurement. Thus, it is provides a potential application to asses the patients heart condition in the home. In this paper, a comparison is made for two neural networks based BCG signal classification models. One system uses a principal component analysis (PCA) method, and the other a discrete wavelet transform, to reduce the input dimensionality. It is indicated that the combined wavelet transform and neural network has a more reliable performance than the combined PCA and neural network system. Moreover, the wavelet transform requires no prior knowledge of the statistical distribution of data samples and the computation complexity and training time are reduced.

A型、D型人格影响冠心病预后的心理生理机制

Coronary heart disease （CHD）is a common cardiovascular disease in the elderly, is also a typical psychosomatic disease. Personality factors are very important in many psychological factors impacting on the prognosis of patients with CHD. The most influential personality factors to CHD are Type A and Type D personality. The previous research has shown that although Type A personality increased the prevalence of CHD, it cannot predict the development and prognosis after diagnosis. In contradict, Type D personality can predict prognosis. There is still no clinic-based or theory-based answer to the question: Why Type A personality cannot predict the outcome while Type D personality could predict the prognosis independently. The current research conducted a systematic investigation to the above question, which included one comparison study between CHD patients and control group, and four studies on reaction experiment and answered the question: why Type A personality cannot predict whereas Type D personality could effectively predict prognosis of CHD. The findings of the current research were: Type A and Type D personality influence CHD prognosis through different psychological mechanisms: both dimensions of Type D personality have direct influence on social support, whereas neither dimensions of Type A personality related to social support, directly of indirectly. Negative affection component of Type D personality significantly related to anxiety and depression, Social repression significantly related to anxiety but not depression. Both dimensions of Type A personality significantly related to anxiety but not depression. Neither under rest or diaphragmatic breathing conditions, Type A personality had no significant influence on vestibular autonomic reaction among healthy young males. Neither Type A nor Type D personality had significant influence on vestibular autonomic reaction among old CHD patients under rest condition. Type D personality predicted lower sympathetic excitation under rest condition, and lower cardiac vagal tone under diaphragmatic breathing condition among healthy young males. When actively reacted to stimuli (math calculation) under rest condition, Type A personality increased sympathetic excitation among healthy young males. When actively reacted to stimuli (math calculation) under diaphragmatic breathing condition, Type A personality increased cardiac vagal tone among the same group of subjects. When actively reacted to stimuli under neither condition, Type D personality showed no significant influence on vestibular autonomic reaction among young males. When passively reacted to stimuli under neither condition, Type A personality showed no significant influence on vestibular autonomic reaction among young males. When passively stimulated followed rest, Type D personality increased sympathetic excitation and decreased cardiac vagal tone among young males. When passively stimulated followed diaphragmatic breathing, Typed showed no significant influence on vestibular autonomic reaction among young males. The above results indicated that Type A and Type D personalities had different psychological mechanisms to the outcome of CHD treatment: neither dimensions of Type A personality had direct or indirect effects on social support; both dimensions of Type D personality had direct and indirect effects on social support. Negative affection component of Type D personality significantly related to anxiety and depression, Social repression significantly related to anxiety but not depression. Both dimensions of Type A personality significantly related to anxiety but not depression. Social support positively related to the outcome after CHD treatment. The biological mechanisms of Type A and Type B personality to CHD prognosis differed in the following ways: Type A personality increased sympathetic excitation when actively stimulated, but had no influence when passively stimulated among young male subjects. When passively stimulated after rest, Type D personality predicted high sympathetic excitation and low cardiac vagal tone among young males, but not vestibular autonomic reaction among young males. Key words: Type A personality, Type D personality, Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), Prognosis, Psychobiological Mechanisms

A型行为核心特征与血管紧张素转换酶基因型相关性研究

In order to study the role of inherited factors and Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP) in the development of CHD, the present study chose the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene as the target gene, and investigated the associations of TABP, the polymorphism of ACE gene with susceptibility to development of CHD in the healthy population and CHD patients from Northern China. 1. Correlation Analysis Between TABP and serum level of ACE in Chinese healthy individuals TABP and serum of ACE were determined in 137 Chinese healthy individuals. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the scores of CH in TABP invertory and the serum level of ACE. 2 The distribution charicteristics of ACE gene polymorphism frequencies and association with serum level of ACE in Chinese healthy individuals population The polymorphism of ACE gene and serum of ACE were determined in 137 Chinese healthy individuals. The results showed that: the ethnic differences in I/D polymorphism of ACE gene are obvious; deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene is associated with serum ACE level. 3. The relationship between insertion/deletion polymorphism of ACE gene and CHD in a Chinese population I/D polymorphism in intron 16 of the ACE gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) in a study of 109 patients with CHD. The results showed: The frequencies of DD genotype(0.39) and D allele(0.63) were higher among the CHD group than among the control subjects(0.12 and 0.42 respectively, P < 0.01). Furthermore, MI and multivessel disease was more strongly associated with (P < 0.01). It is indicated that D allele and DD gentype of ACE might be an important risk factor for CHD, especially for MI or multivessel disease in Chinese population. 4. Correlation Analysis Between Type A Behavior Pattern and the Polymorphism of ACE Gene The polymorphism of ACE gene and type A behavior pattern (TABP) survey were determined in 291 Chinese healthy individuals. The result showed that the higher frequency of rare D allele of an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene was found in type A behavior individuals compared with type B behavior individuals in 291 healthy individuals; there was a significant correlation between the scores of CH in TABP invertory and DD genotype of the ACE gene. It is suggested that the behavioral attributes of competitiveness, achievement striving, hostility, being irritated easily and impatience may be associated with heredity. 5. Correlation Analysis Between Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism, Type A Behavior Pattern and Coronary Heart Disease in Chinese The polymorphism of ACE gene and type A behavior pattern (TABP) survey were determined in 109 patients with CHD. The results showed the development of coronary heart disease(CHD) is influenced mainly by the behavioral attributes of competitiveness, achievement striving, hostility, being irritated easily and impatience; the deletion polymorphism of ACE gene may be play a important role in the process of it. 6. Correlation Analysis Between Type A Behavior Pattern Core Components and the Polymorphism of ACE Gene The polymorphism of ACE gene and type A behavior pattern (TABP) survey were determined in1306 Chinese healthy individuals. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the scores of CH in TABP invertory and DD genotype of the ACE gene. Furthermore, the behavioral attributes of hostility, being irritated easily and impatience may be associated with heredity. At the end of this research, in terms of theory, the research approaches of TABP and the factors influenced the relationship between TABP and CHD were explored and discussed. Furthermore, several new opinions were put forward.