散射中心型超分辨近场结构的非线性光学特性研究进展

超分辨近场结构(Super-RENS)技术是近年来发展起来的一种新型近场光存储技术，是目前最有实用化前景的纳米尺度近场超分辨技术之一。初步研究表明，其近场超分辨特性与非线性响应密切相关，研究其非线性光学特性对阐明物理机制、发展新的掩模材料和非线性光学应用都具有重要意义。对散射中心型超分辨近场结构非线性光学特性的最新研究进展进行了介绍和分析。

北京地区15000年以来植被与环境变迁的初步研究

本文通过高时间分辨率的孢粉分析、14C测年、烧失量测定(600℃)及炭片统计分析，结合表土孢粉分析、古地磁特性等，对北京地区房山东甘池剖面（40.2ºN，116ºE)进行了较为系统的研究，从而揭示了距今15000年以来北京地区植被演替及环境变迁的关系，讨论了气候突变性事件及火因子对森林植被的影响等，同时借助于考古材料及历史地理文献对7000年以来人类活动导致植被的破坏及环境变化进行了讨论。 考虑到本剖面的特殊地貌单元，在分析流水地貌中花粉沉积和沉积物沉积的特殊性后，将北京地区15000年以来植被与环境变化划分为8个阶段： 1．约15780-14767aB.P.，属晚冰期的最盛期，乔木稀疏，草本类以蒿、藜为优势，缺乏反映隐域性环境的沼泽植被，气候冷干。 2．约14767-13482a B.P.，由于降雨增多，湿度加大，平原区形成小的沼泽环境，香蒲、眼子菜、黑三棱等沼生、水生植物得以在水体中生长繁盛，泥炭发育。由于山区生长的针阔叶混交林中盖度不大，并以针叶树种为主，反映气候以寒冷湿润为特征。此段中约14066aB.P.处出现的冷干环境与哥德堡漂移事件相对应，13520aB.P.，则反映出泥炭积累的暂时中断，为一干冷的气候突变点。 3．约13482-12625a B.P.，针阔叶混交林进一步发展，水生植物减少，沼泽逐渐消失，反映气候趋向暖干。 4．约12625-11418aB.P.，乔木减少，针阔叶混交林中针叶、阔叶出现优势交替现象。水生植物也有波动，反映气候趋于干凉，并有冷暖的波动。环境中湿度变化明显。 5．约11418-9607aB.P.，植被稀疏，气候呈现进一步干冷的特征。其中在 10619-10318aB.P.，孢粉及炭片浓度、年沉积率和烧失量均很低，出现了约相当于新仙女木期的冷干气候特征。 6. 9607—7270aB.P.，落叶阔叶树种有所增加，但其盖度不大。水生植物不繁盛，反映由草原植被向森林草原的演替。气候特征由冷向温干转变。 7、7270-3395aB.P.，阔叶树种明显增多，盖度增大，可视为温暖时期的特征，在5771aB.P.和4563aB.P.，曾出现乔木树种的下降，可视为高温期的短暂冷期。 8. 3395-lOOOaB.P.，气候变干变凉，加之人类活动的加剧，导致植被覆盖度的下降。考古学及史料记载，反映出这段发生了多次冷暖干湿交替出现的情形，加之人类对森林的砍伐、焚烧和拓荒，因而使北京山区的森林植被逐渐发生逆向演替、成为现存的次生植被类型。

猕猴胚胎干细胞神经分化过程中ASPP家族变化的初步研究

为研究肿瘤细胞凋亡调控因子ASPP(Apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53)家族蛋白(ASPP1,ASPP2,iASPP)在猕猴神经系统细胞早期发育过程中是否存在变化,并初步研究其变化趋势,通过体外诱导猕猴胚胎干细胞定向分化为神经前体细胞模拟猕猴神经系统细胞早期发育过程,并对此过程中细胞内ASPP蛋白量进行检测,检测方法使用细胞免疫荧光和western blotting.实验初步检测出,肿瘤调控因子ASPP家族蛋白在猕猴神经系统细胞早期发育过程中在蛋白量和蛋白分子量上有变化,并且可以初步了解其变化趋势.该实验结果表明ASPP蛋白家族作为肿瘤细胞凋亡调控因子与猕猴神经系统早期发育过程有着密切的关系,这也许对将来治疗神经系统退行性疾病和肿瘤发生有一定帮助.

生物催化的Baeyer-Villiger氧化反应研究

Baeyer-Villiger氧化反应是一种很重要的化学反应，产生的许多中间体或产物可以被用来生产多种化学产品和药物。此反应具有多功能性，可以氧化多种羰基化合物，但是化学方法中的必需反应物——氧化剂在生产、储存、运输、反应的过程中都存在很多的不安全因素，反应的立体选择性也不强，而生物转化则具有底物选择性、立构选择性、化学选择性、对映选择性等一般化学反应中不具备的优点，在精细化工中占有很大的优势。在工业生物催化中有很好的应用前景。 为了研究生物催化的Baeyer-Villiger反应，我们从本实验室保藏菌种中分离筛选出一株能够以环己酮作为唯一碳源的菌株，进行初步研究并对其产物进行GC/MS定性，探讨了pH，装液量，底物浓度，培养时间，温度以及转速等条件对细菌生长的影响，并进一步研究了细菌的底物广谱性。 此菌株经鉴定属于邻单胞菌属Plesiomonas sp.)， 根据正交试验，确定了菌的最佳生长条件：底物浓度为1mL/L，底物浓度过高对菌株生长有抑制作用，转速为150 rpm ，温度为30℃ ，pH为7.0； 此菌株转化环己酮的产物通过GC/MS检测含有内酯，表明此菌株能够催化Baeyer-Villiger氧化反应；此菌株还能够以与环己酮有相似结构的环己烷，环戊酮等作为唯一碳源生长，说明此菌株底物利用范围比较广，用途比较广泛。 Baeyer-Villiger oxidation is an important chemical conversion, its products and intermediates can be used to produce a lot of medicine and fine chemicals. Its success is largely due to its versatility: a variety of carbonyl compounds can be oxidized, a large number of functional groups are tolerated, the regiochemistry is highly predictable and so on, but the oxidants that the traditional chemistry way needs have a number of problem in their production, storage, transportation and reaction, Chemistry way has not a high stereochemistry yet. However, biotransformations have many attractive characters, such as substrate-, stereo-, chemo- and enantioselectivity, so it has a great advantage in the fine chemical industry and has a bright prospect in the industrial biological catalysis. In order to study Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, we isolated a strain which can utilize cyclohexanone as sole carbon source and had a primary research on it. Its product was identified by GC/MS. Effects of pH, volume, concentration of cyclohexanone, cultivating time, temperature and rotate speed on the growth of bacteria were discussed, and the other organic substrates were also studied. The strain was identified as Plesiomonas sp.. The result of orthogonal test made it sure that the best growth condition of the strain is: rotate speed 150 rpm, temperature 30℃, pH7.0, concentration of cyclohexanone1ml/L. There is caprolactone in the product of the fermentation with cyclohexanone as substrate by GC/MS,which indicated that the strain can catalyse Baeyer-Villiger oxidation.In addition,the strain can utilize other organic substrates having the similar structure with cyclohexanone such as cyclohexane, cyclopentanone, Swertiamarin as sole carbon source.So the strain can be applied extentively.

黄土高原土壤干层初步研究

在详细描述土壤干层现象和类型的基础上 ,分析了土壤干层的成因 ,即低降水高蒸发、水土流失、植被类型选择失当、群落生产力过高和群落密度过大等 ,指出土壤干层的危害主要表现为使局部小气候环境趋于旱化、土地退化、植被生长衰退、天然下种更新不良及加大造林难度等 ,最后提出了缓解土壤干层对黄土高原生态环境的恢复和重建的意义和重要性。

滇东南南温河花岗岩年代学和地球化学初步研究

南温河花岗岩分布于中-越接壤处的云南省马关县、麻栗坡县老君山地区穹隆状变形-变质岩系的内核部位，大地构造位置位于华南褶皱带西端与上扬子地块、哀牢山褶皱带和印支地块的接合部位，是研究华南大陆形成与演化及特提斯构造域时空发展的关键地区。前人对本地区花岗岩的研究，更多的集中在燕山期老君山花岗岩的研究上，而对南温河花岗岩的研究还没有引起足够的重视，还停留在初步的岩石学和地球化学阶段。 本文对滇东南老君山地区南温河花岗岩进行了U-Pb、Rb-Sr同位素年代学和主微量、Sr-Nd同位素地球化学的系统研究，取得了以下主要认识： 1、通过对南温河花岗岩 SHRIMP锆石U-Pb、TIMS锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩Rb-Sr年代学的研究，确定了南温河花岗岩主体的结晶年龄为440Ma左右，少量结晶为420Ma左右， 属于广西运动产物。在同位素年代学和岩石学研究基础上，重新对南温河花岗岩进行了岩石单元划分，归并为猛洞河单元和南加河单元两个单元。南捞片麻岩并非如1：50000麻栗坡县幅、都龙幅所认为的新元古代岩浆岩，也同属加里东期岩浆岩，应归属于猛洞河单元。 2、南温河序列花岗岩成分来源主要为上部地壳的泥质岩、粉砂岩、杂砂岩的部分熔融，可能还有少量地幔物质和下部地壳物质的加入。成因上主要属于S型花岗岩，少量属于 I型花岗岩。 形成的构造环境上，主要为同碰撞环境，少部分为造山后环境。 继承锆石年龄和Sr-Nd同位素地球化学特征显示，源区存在古元古代的古老地壳。 3、结合SHRIMP和TIMS锆石U-Pb年代学两种测年方法的差异，确定了后期的主变质年龄为 230Ma左右，提出了确定后期中-浅变质作用年龄的一种新思路。 4、通过南温河花岗岩热年代史反演，恢复了本区加里东期以来的构造历史，并初步探讨了本区加里东期的大地构造环境。

放疗中二次原发性肿瘤的研究进展；Progress in Second Primary Cancer Research

回顾了辐射致癌方面的研究进展和二次原发性肿瘤在放射医学领域中的提出和发展,总结了辐射致癌的一般特征以及主要医用放射性装置对二次原发性肿瘤发病的影响。重点阐述了年龄、性别、组织敏感性和照射剂量等重要影响因素在二次原发性肿瘤发病上造成的差异和原因。讨论了部分潜在的影响因素。展望了二次原发性肿瘤方面研究的前景和在放射治疗领域中的重要意义。

Environmental Mechanics Research in China

By recalling mankind's path during past 50 years in the present article, we mainly highlight the significance of environmental issues today. In particular, two major factors leading to environment deterioration in China such as water resources and coal burning are stressed on. Present-day environmental issues are obviously interdisciplinary, of multiple scales and multi-composition in nature. Therefore, a process-based approach for environment research is absolutely necessarily. A series of sub-processes, either physical, chemical or biological, are subsequently analyzed in order to established reasonable parameterization scheme and credible comprehensive model. And we are now in a position to answer questions still open to us, improve existing somewhat empirical engineering approaches and enhance quantitative accuracy in prediction. To illustrate this process-based research approach, three typical examples associated with the Yangtze River Estuary, Loess Plateau and Tenggeli Desert environments have been dealt with respectively. A theoretical model of vertical flow field accounting for runoff and tide interaction has been established to delineate salinity and sediment motion which are responsible for the formation of mouth bar at the outlet and the ecological evolution there. A kinematic wave theory combined with the revised Green-Ampt infiltration formula is applied to the prediction of runoff generation and erosion in three types of erosion region on the Loess Plateau. Three approaches describing water motion in SPAC system in arid areas at different levels have been improved by introducing vegetation sub-models. However, we have found that the formation of a dry sandy layer and biological crust skin are additional primary causes leading to deterioration of water supply and succession of ecological system.

Strikingly different penetrance of LHON in two Chinese families with primary mutation G11778A is independent of mtDNA haplogroup background and secondary mutation G13708A

The penetrance of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) in families with primary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations is very complex. Matrilineal and nuclear genetic background, as well as environmental factors, have been reported to be involved in d

research on user-centered design and recognition pen gestures

Pen-based user interface has become a hot research field in recent years. Pen gesture plays an important role in Pen-based user interfaces. But it’s difficult for UI designers to design, and for users to learn and use. In this purpose, we performed a research on user-centered design and recognition pen gestures. We performed a survey of 100 pen gestures in twelve famous pen-bases systems to find problems of pen gestures currently used. And we conducted a questionnaire to evaluate the matching degree between commands and pen gestures to discover the characteristics that a good pen gestures should have. Then cognition theories were applied to analyze the advantages of those characteristics in helping improving the learnability of pen gestures. From these, we analyzed the pen gesture recognition effect and presented some improvements on features selection in recognition algorithm of pen gestures. Finally we used a couple of psychology experiments to evaluate twelve pen gestures designed based on the research. It shows those gestures is better for user to learn and use. Research results of this paper can be used for designer as a primary principle to design pen gestures in pen-based systems.

Seasonal patterns of gross primary production and ecosystem respiration in an alpine meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

We measured the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) in an alpine meadow ecosystem (latitude 37degrees29'-45'N, longitude 101degrees12'-23'E, 3250 m above sea level) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau throughout 2002 by the eddy covariance method to examine the carbon dynamics and budget on this unique plateau. Diurnal changes in gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (R-e) showed that an afternoon increase of NEE was highly associated with an increase of R-e. Seasonal changes in GPP corresponded well to changes in the leaf area index and daily photosynthetic photon flux density. The ratio of GPP/R-e was high and reached about 2.0 during the peak growing season, which indicates that mainly autotrophic respiration controlled the carbon dynamics of the ecosystem. Seasonal changes in mean GPP and R-e showed compensatory behavior as reported for temperate and Mediterranean ecosystems, but those of GPP(max) and R-emax were poorly synchronized. The alpine ecosystem exhibited lower GPP (575 g C m(-2) y(-1)) than, but net ecosystem production (78.5 g C m(-2) y(-1)) similar to, that of subalpine forest ecosystems. The results suggest that the alpine meadow behaved as a CO2 sink during the 1-year measurement period but apparently sequestered a rather small amount of C in comparison with similar alpine ecosystems.