Investigation of Interactions between Two Monoclonal Antibodies and SARS Virus with a Label-Free Protein Array

The investigation of interactions between two kinds of monoclonal antibodies and SARS virus with a label-free protein array technique were presented in this paper. The performance consists of three parts: a surface modification for ligand immobilization/surface, a protein array fabrication with an integrated microfluidic system for patterning, packaging and liquid handling, and a protein array reader of imaging ellipsometer. This revealed the technique could be used as an immunoassay for qualitative and quantitative detection as wen as kinetic analysis of biomolecule interaction.

Detection of hepatitis B virus markers using a biosensor based on imaging ellipsometry

A biosensor based on imaging ellipsometry (BIE) has been developed and validated in 169 patients for detecting five markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The methodology has been established to pave the way for clinical diagnosis, including ligand screening, determination of the sensitivity, set-up of cut-off values (CoVs) and comparison with other clinical methods. A matrix assay method was established for ligand screening. The CoVs of HBV markers were derived with the help of receiver operating characteristic curves. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was the reference method. Ligands with high bioactivity were selected and sensitivities of 1 ng/mL and 1 IU/mL for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and surface antibody (anti-HBs) were obtained respectively. The CoVs of HBsAg, anti-HBs, hepatitis B e antigen, hepatitis B e antibody and core antibody were as follows: 15%, 18%, 15%, 20% and 15%, respectively, which were the percentages over the values of corresponding ligand controls. BIE can simultaneously detect up to five markers within 1 h with results in acceptable agreement with ELISA, and thus shows a potential for diagnosing hepatitis B with high throughput.

马铃薯Y病毒外壳蛋白基因的导入以及转基因马铃薯植株的大田攻毒

应用四种不同的马铃薯试管微型薯诱导体系生产试管微型薯，通过比较建立了—种有效的试管微型薯诱导系统。这种诱导系统使用液体培养基，具有试管微型薯发生频率高、薯块体积大和微型薯形成早的特点。同时，此系统使用的培养基成分成本低、方法简便以及所用设备简单，适用于容器内大批量生产马铃薯试管微型薯以及马铃薯种质资源的保存。 对银离子在马铃薯叶片组织培养过程中对愈伤组织诱导或芽分化和再生的影响作了研究。结果表明银离子通过抑制叶片组织培养过程中形成的乙烯与其受体的结合从而促进芽再生，但是其对叶片愈伤组织的诱导无显著效果。银离子的这些作用在通过同时应用2，4-D而明显表现出来。2，4-D通过促进乙烯的生物合成而降低银离子的促进作用，两者则通过对乙烯的调节而影响马铃薯叶片的愈伤组织诱导和芽分化再生。 将马铃薯Y病毒外壳蛋白基因通过根癌农杆菌双元载体系统导入马铃薯品种Desiree、K4和Favorita，获得了若干转基因株系。除了K4品种中—转化株系具有非正常生长形态外，其余转基因植株都生长发育正常。由此表明以根癌农杆菌介导的马铃薯转化中，构建于双元载体上的外源目的基因是随机进入并整合到受体细胞的染色体上。具有畸形生长性状的转基因植株的产生说明了PVY CP基因的整合可能干扰了控制正常生长发育、尤其是形态建成的基因表达。 在转化试验中，应用了试管微型薯薄片、茎切段和叶片三种外植体作为转化材料。对转化过程中农杆菌对外植体的侵染时间、共培养时间、外植体的类型以基因型对转化频率的影响作了比较研究。发现以试管微型薯薄片和茎切段作为受体的最佳侵染时间是十分钟，而叶片则为五分钟，三种外植体的最佳共培养时间皆为四天。在各种处理的最佳条件下，Desiree比K4具有相对较高的转化频率，表明马铃薯Desiree比K4在转化反应上更温和或顺从。 通过比较几种由不同统计得出的农杆菌介导的转化频率，认为使用“净转换频率”(Net Transformation Frequency)能更精确地表达马铃薯的转化效率。而在以前的报导中还没有—种统一的、并且能被广泛接受和使用的表达转化效率的参数或指标。． 以叶片作为起始材料的转化具有较高的转化频率。在转化外植体的植株再生过程中应用了2，4-D和AgN03两种乙烯调节剂分别于愈伤组织诱导和芽分化再生阶段，使其产生高频的植株再生。尤其是它的净化频率明显高于其它外植体的转化频率，并且无显著品种之间的差异，具有高效马铃薯转化系统的特征。 以聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测转化再生植株得到的结果与DNA杂交(Southern blot analysis)的鉴定结果比较，结论是相同的。由此表明在以农杆菌介导的马铃薯转化试验中，PCR可被用于证实外源目的DNA的导入，它以简便、迅速的特点帮助节省时间以及提供及时的转化证据。 对三个马铃薯品种的一系列转基因株系在大田条件下进行了攻毒试验．最后从Favorita 品种中筛选出了两个抗性较强的无性系，它们具有明显较低的病毒侵染发生频率以及正常的生长发育性状，具有很大潜力成为生产上推广应用的抗病新品种。

Evolutionary implications of avian infectious Bronchitis Virus (AIBV) analysis

For developing efficient vaccines, it is essential to identify which amino acid changes are most important to the survival of the virus. We investigate the amino acid substitution features in the Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (AIBV) antigenic domain o

A paradigm for virus-host coevolution: Sequential counter-adaptations between endogenous and exogenous retroviruses

Endogenous retroviruses ( ERVs) are remnants of ancient retroviral infections of the host germline transmitted vertically from generation to generation. It is hypothesized that some ERVs are used by the host as restriction factors to block the infection o

Genotyping of TRIM5 locus in northern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca leonina), a primate species susceptible to Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 infection

Background: The pig-tailed macaques are the only Old World monkeys known to be susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. We have previously reported that the TRIM5-Cyclophilin A (TRIMCyp) fusion in pig-tailed macaques (Macaca n

Secondary structural analysis of the mRNA regions encoding the hemagglutinin cleavage site basic amino acids of the avian influenza virus H5N1 subtype samples

Here we report the codon bias and the mRNA secondary structural features of the hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site basic amino acid regions of avian influenza virus H5N1 subtypes. We have developed a dynamic extended folding strategy to predict RNA secondar

Synthesis and Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Activity of (E)-N-Phenylstyryl-N-alkylacetamide Derivatives

A series of (E)-N-phenylstyryl-N-alkylacetamides, 5, were synthesized by direct reduction-acetylation of beta-arylnitroolefins, followed by N-alkylation. The title compounds were characterized by H-1-NMR, EIMS and IR analysis. All the synthesized compound

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 genotypic drug resistance among volunteer blood donors in Yunnan, China

BACKGROUND: Drug resistance profiles of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in treatment-naive infections have been reported in developed countries. However, little is known in developing countries, including China, especially in treatment-naive volunt

Anti Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) Agents 3. Synthesis and in Vitro Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Some N-Arylsulfonylindoles

In order to find compounds with superior anti human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity, twelve simple N-arylsulfonylindoles (3a-1) were synthesized and preliminarily evaluated as HIV-1 inhibitors in vitro for the first time. Several compounds

Anti Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) Agents 1. Discovery of Benzyl Phenyl Ethers as New HIV-1 Inhibitors in Vitro

Ten single benzyl phenyl ethers were synthesized and evaluated as human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) inhibitors in vitro for the first time. Among these compounds, especially 4-nitrobenzyl phenyl ether (3h) exhibited the highest anti-HIV-1 activity wi

Anti-human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Constituents of the Bark of Poncirus trifoliata

A total of 36 compounds (1-36) were obtained from the stem bark of Poncirus trifoliata including three new prenylated flavonoids, (-)-5,4'-dihydroxy-7,8-[(3 '',4 ''-cis-dihydroxy-3 '',4 ''-dihydro)-2 '',2 ''-dimethylpyrano]-flavone (1), (-)-5,4'-dihydroxy-7,8-[(3 ''-hydroxy-4 ''-one)-2 '',2 ''-dimethylpyrano]-flavone (2), and (-)-5,4'-dihydroxy-7,8-[(cis-3 ''-hydroxy-4 ''-ethoxy-3 '',4 ''-dihydro)-2 '',2 ''-dimethylpyrano]-flavone (3). The new structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1-20 were evaluated for their anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) activity, in which 2 showed significant anti-HIV-1 activity with high therapeutic index (T1) of 143.65.