Bibarba bibarba: A new genus and species of Cobitinae (Pisces : Cypriniformes : Cobitidae) from Guangxi Province (China)

A new genus of Cobitinae, Bibarba gen. n., and a new species, B. bibarba sp. n., were discovered and are described for the Chengjiang River, a tributary of the Hongshuihe River in Guangxi Province of southern China. This river region is characterized by a Karst landscape, and the river that is inhabited by the new genus is a slowly moving stream with arenaceous and cobblestone beds. The new genus resembles Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 (subfamily Cobitinae) in the shape and pigmentation pattern of their body, the absence of scales on their head, and the presence of a suborbital spine, but differs from it by a single Lamina circularis on the third pectoral fin ray instead of on the base of the second pectoral fin ray; two pairs of barbels (one rostral pair and one maxillo-mandibular pair) instead of three pairs of barbels (one rostral pair, one maxillary pair, and one maxillo-mandibular pair); a relatively thick and short suborbital spine with a strong medio-lateral process instead of a suborbital spine without or with a weakly formed medio-lateral process as in Cobitis; and the lack of a black stripe extending from the occiput through the eye to the insertion of the rostral barbel. The first two characters have not been reported in any other genus of the subfamily Cobitinae. A morphometric character analysis based on PCA reveals differences between B. bibarba and C. sinensis in body size, barbel length, interorbital width, pectoral fin length in males, and the position of the dorsal and ventral fins. Type specimens of the new species are kept in the Freshwater Fishes Museum of the Institute of Hydrobiology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Wuhan, Hubei Province. (c) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

胡蜂属Vespa linnaeus的系统发育研究

报道胡蜂属Vespa Linnaeus的系统发育研究结果。运用PAUP(SWOFFORD,1993)软件程序对胡蜂属系统发育关系进行研究,结果将胡蜂属分为2个大的类群,即树巢胡蜂类群(Wood-nesting groups),地巢胡蜂类群(earth-nesting groups),各分为4个亚群。文中还给出了胡蜂属18种的系统发育和包括1个新种的形态描述。

Genetic heterogeneity analysis and RAPD marker detection among four forms of Atrina pectinata Linnaeus

Pen shell (Atrina pectinata Linnaeus) can be distinguished into four forms based on the morphololgic characteristics. Genetic similarity, and heterogeneity were analyzed among the four forms by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique using 24 10-nucleotide-long primers. Of these primers, 22 pruners produced well-identifiable RAPD band patterns. Significant differences in RAPD band patterns were revealed among the four forms. A total of 198 polymorphic fragments were scored from 22 pruners. and they are specific for one form, shared by two or three forms. Several pruners, such as S451, S453 S463 S464, S470. S473 and S474, produced abundant band patterns and provided sufficient information for reliable discrimination of the four forms. The average genetic distances and phylogenetic relationships were calculated and analyzed according to the distinguishable fragments. The data indicate that pen shells of form G and form Y are similar not only among individuals within the same form, but also between individuals from the two forms, and that shells of form T and form S are highly divergent. The constructed phylogenetic free matches the average genetic distances. Three clusters were clearly distinguishable, in which two were corresponding to form S and form T respectively and one included forms G and Y. This Study will be benefit to further studies oil the taxonomy and selective breeding of Pinnid species. It is suggested that the four forms of pen shell should be categorized to at least two species taxonomically.

A novel anti-tumor protein extracted from Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus induces cell death by increasing cell permeability and inhibiting tubulin polymerization

Discovery and development of new pharmaceuticals from marine organisms are attracting increasing interest. Several agents derived from marine organisms are under preclinical and clinical evaluation as potential anticancer drugs. We extracted and purified a novel anti-tumor protein from the coelomic fluid of Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus by ammonium sulphate fractionation, ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The molecular weight of the highly purified protein, designated MML, was 40 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis. MML exhibited significant cytotoxicity to several cancer cell types, including human hepatoma BEL-7402, human breast cancer MCF-7 and human colon cancer HCT116 cells. However, no inhibitory effect was found when treating murine normal fibroblasts NIH3T3 and benign human breast MCF-10A cells with MML. The cell death induced by MML was characterized by cell morphological changes. The induction of apoptosis of BEL-7402 cells by MML was weak by DNA ladder assay. The possible mechanisms of its anti-tumor effect might be the changes in cell membrane permeability and inhibition of tubulin polymerization. MML may be developed as a novel, highly selective and effective anti-cancer drug.

人工诱导贻贝Mytilus edulis Linnaeus幼虫附着变态的研究

许多天然物质和人为的外界生物化学因子对许多无脊椎动物附着变态有诱导作用，这为人工控制无脊椎动物幼虫的附着变态过程提供了重要手段，同时对于幼虫培养，特别是对于经济种类幼虫的培养和育苗，具有重要的意义。本文以青岛贻贝Mytilus edulis Linnaeus为研究对象，于1990年1991年分别就不同的海水离子条件、拟肾上腺素和抗肾上腺素、拟胆碱和抗胆碱类化合物以及促进生物新陈代谢类化合物对贻贝幼虫附着变态的诱导作用进行了研究，结果表明：升高K~+或Ca~++浓度以及降低Mg~++浓度均对贻贝幼虫有附着变态诱导作用。Mg~++浓度降低促进K~+的诱导作用。氨基酸类神经递质GABA和其同系物天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、苷氨酸、β－丙氨酸无明显附着变态诱导作用。短时间内，L－DOPA诱导水平（30％）贻贝幼虫不经过附着而直接变态，只作用于β－受体的拟肾上腺素、多巴胺和异丙肾上腺素诱导50％水平的幼虫变态。作用于α－受体的拟肾上腺素、间羟胺、麻黄碱、去氧肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素诱70－90％水平的幼虫变态。阻断β－受体的抗肾上腺素、噻吗心安和心得安无诱导作用。但阻断β－受体的抗肾上腺素、立其丁、酚苄明和妥拉苏林对幼虫附着变态有诱导作用。干扰肾上腺素能神经递质释放的化合物利血平无变态诱导作用，并有致死作用。拟胆碱类分合物苯海过、琥珀酰胆碱和阿托品对贻贝幼虫均有附着变态诱导作用。变态诱导率维持在30％水平。拟胆碱化合物加兰他敏有较高的变态诱导率（56.1% (10~(-3)M, 36h)）。抗胆碱类化合物氯丙嗪无明显诱导作用。调节生物体代谢和机能类化合物甲状腺素、ATP、肌、VitB_6和氨茶碱对贻贝幼虫有显著的附着变诱导作用，变态诱导率分别为：甲状腺素84.6 (10~(-3)M, 36h)；ATP 57.7% (10~(-3)M, 36h)；肌苷74.0% (10~(-3)M, 36h); VitB_6 41.3% (10~(-5)M, 36h)和氨茶碱50.0% (10~(-4)M, 36h)。前列腺素无诱导作用，而氯化可的松有一定诱导作用。去甲肾上腺素和乙酰胆碱对幼虫变态的诱导作用被Na~+通道阻断剂普鲁卡因和利多卡因阻断。但ATP和氨茶碱的诱导作用不被其阻断。这表明去甲肾上腺素和乙酰胆碱对幼虫的附着变态的诱导作用是通过视经传递完成的。而神经传递并没有参与ATP和氨茶碱对幼虫变态的诱导过程。

沙粒起动风速研究

在风沙流实验中，发展了设陷井捕集蠕移沙粒的方法来测量各种来流条件下的蠕移沙量，再外推得到流体起动风速。试验表明粗糙度不同的沙平面的流体起动风速相同。还给出实验段轴线风速与野外来流摩阻速度之间的对应关系。

Study of the surface structure of butterfly wings using the scanning electron microscopic moire method

Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) moire method was used to study the surface structure of three kinds of butterfly wings: Papilio maackii Menetries, Euploea midamus (Linnaeus), and Stichophthalma how-qua (Westwood). Gratings composed of curves with different orientations were found on scales. The planar characteristics of gratings and some other planar features of the surface structure of these wings were revealed, respectively, in terms of virtual strain. Experimental results demonstrate that SEM moire method is a simple, nonlocal, economical, effective technique for determining which grating exists on one whole scale, measuring the dimension and the whole planar structural character of the grating on each scale, as well as characterizing the relationship between gratings on different scales of each butterfly wing. Thus, the SEM moire method is a useful tool to assist with characterizing the structure of butterfly wings and explaining their excellent properties. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America.

Composite second-order performance improvement in optical fibre CATV transmission system using chirped fibre grating

Theoretically, we analyse the dispersion compensation characteristics of the chirped fibre grating (CFG) in an optical fibre cable television (CATV) system and obtain the analytic expression of the composite second-order (CSO) distortion using the time-domain form of the field envelope wave equation. The obtained result is in good agreement with the numerical simulation result. Experimentally, we verify the result by making use of the tunable characteristics of CFG to change the dispersion compensation amount and obtain an optimal CSO performance in a 125km fibre transmission link. Both the theoretical and experimental results show that the CSO performance can be improved by properly choosing the dispersion compensation amount for a certain fibre transmission link.

一种预防或治疗艾滋病的药物及其制备方法和应用

提供一种药用有效成分酒花查尔酮(xanthahumol)用于预防和治疗艾滋病。具体地，利用植物啤酒花(Humulus lupulus)为原料，通过酒精提取和溶剂处理，硅胶柱层析以氯仿/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂洗脱，结晶得到酒花查尔酮(xanthahumol)纯品。实验证明该化合物具有显著的体外抗HIV-1活性，可用于制备预防和治疗艾滋病的药物。

补充营养对柑橘凤蝶卵成熟和雄虫寿命的影响

在实验室条件下,定量地研究了蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖和蜂蜜等4种补充营养物对柑橘凤蝶卵成熟和雄虫寿命的影响.结果表明:(1)补充蔗糖、果糖和蜂蜜水的雌虫孕成熟卵量都显著高于清水对照组,其中补充蔗糖的雌虫孕成熟卵量最高;(2)不同的补充营养物对雌虫孕亚成熟卵量和未成熟卵量的影响不显著;(3)饲喂蔗糖、果糖和蜂蜜的雄虫寿命显著高于对照组,其中饲喂果糖的雄虫寿命最长;(4)饲喂添加不同浓度NaCl溶液的蜂蜜水的雄虫寿命比仅饲喂蜂蜜水的雄虫短,当NaCl溶液浓度为0.001 mol/L,0.1 mol/L和 1 mol/L 时,雄虫寿命显著低于对照,其中饲喂0.001 mol/L NaCl溶液的雄虫寿命最短.

柑橘凤蝶生殖系统解剖学研究

通过解剖柑橘凤蝶成虫的生殖系统，研究了柑橘凤蝶生殖器官的形态及结构特点。

东湖沉积物中微生物磷脂的垂向分布

以武汉东湖柱状沉积物为研究对象,利用磷脂法测定了3个采样点各层的微生物量,同时测定了沉积物中各层的pH,简要分析了沉积物中磷脂含量的垂向分布与pH垂向分布的相关性。结果表明:各样点沉积物中磷脂平均含量分别为:1号点59.40nmol/g.dw,2号点为20.56nmol/g.dw,3号点为31.57nmol/g.dw。在沉积物的垂向分布上,微生物量与pH均随着沉积物深度的增加而降低,并且存在很高的相关系数。

栉江珧同工酶多态性的分析

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳对栉江珧(Atrina pectinata Linnaeus)消化盲囊进行了5 种酶(SOD、EST、MDH、ME、LDH) 的同工酶分析。结果表明不同个体的同工酶表达呈现多态现象,个体间酶带带型既有相一致的共同特征谱带,又有较多的变异,5种酶均可把样品大致区分为差异明显的2 种或3 种类型,而且酶谱类型与形态类型基本对应,同工酶表达上的多样性表明栉江珧种内在生化遗传上存在较大的变异, 具有较丰富的遗传多态性。

Le斑马鱼nanos1基因在配子发生中的原位杂交研究

利用组织原位杂交技术,以地高辛标记的反义RNA为探针,检测了斑马鱼(Daniorerio)nanos1基因在卵子发生及精子发生中的表达分布特点,初步探讨了该基因在斑马鱼配子发生中可能的功能。结果表明:在斑马鱼卵子发生中,nanos1mRNA均匀分布于卵原细胞和各时期卵母细胞的胞质中;在卵原细胞和Ⅰ、Ⅱ期卵母细胞中,nanos1mRNA的杂交信号十分强烈,而较晚期卵母细胞中信号明显减弱。在斑马鱼精子发生中,nanos1mRNA可在精原细胞和初级精母细胞中检测到。nanos1mRNA的阳性信号在精原细胞中极为

野生纤毛虫同工酶微量等电聚焦分析探索

微量电泳是用来分离和表征提取于少量生物材料中的核酸和蛋白质的分析技术。作者以缘毛目螅状独缩虫(Carchesium polypinum Linne,1758)为材料,用微量等电聚焦(Microisoelectric focussing)探索了分析野生纤毛虫同工酶的可行性。实验结果表明:(1) 样品量小至两个群体螅状独缩虫(约200个个体)即可进行酯酶同工酶微量等电聚焦分析;(2) 自野外采集材料中立即分离制备的螅状独缩虫匀浆上清液的酯酶同工酶酶谱与实验室内放置10h后分离制备的酶谱几乎一致。因此,野生纤毛