Studies on microstructure bilayer film of ultrasonic dipped cadmium sulfide and d.c. sputtered indium tin oxide

A bilayer CdS/ITO film was obtained. The dipped CdS was grown by an ultrasonic colloid deposition (USCD) method. Microstructure of the CdS film made by USCD has a wider transmission range and a higher transmittance. Amorphous indium-tin-oxide (ITO) thin film was deposited using d.c. magnetron-sputtering at room temperature. The ITO films exhibited good conductivity and maximum transmittance of 94%. The CdS/ITO bilayer was investigated by means of GIXD (grazing incidence X-ray diffraction) at different incidence angles (alpha = 0.20-5.00degrees) and XRD. We discuss a model for the thin bilayer film. SEM and AFM show that homogeneous CdS films with a bar-shaped ultrafine particles and ITO film with nanometer structure. The mechanism of the bilayer CdS/ITO film is discussed.

杉木人工林凋落物对土壤碳平衡的影响

土壤碳循环过程是目前全球碳源碳汇研究的核心，目前对土壤碳循环过程和机制的研究还十分缺乏。杉木人工林约占我国人工林面积的1/4，由于近几十年经营管理措施不当，土壤有机碳的下降已经成为不争的事实，极大地影响了杉木人工林生产力的可持续发展。本研究通过对杉木人工林土壤有机碳来源、分解和释放动态的区分量化，结合13C标记示踪试验，开展了杉木凋落物分解对土壤有机碳平衡影响的研究，为土壤碳平衡和转化机理及杉木人工林的可持续经营提供了可靠的理论依据。通过系统的研究，得出以下结论： ⑴估算了典型杉木人工林土壤碳的周转状况，研究发现典型杉木人工林土壤碳更新较慢。土壤碳年输入量、形成量、转化量、输出量和贮存量分别为2.79 t hm-2、1.58 t hm-2、2.04 t hm-2、4.57 t hm-2、113.21 t hm-2。其中在土壤碳年排放量中矿质土层呼吸、根呼吸、凋落物层呼吸碳分别占土壤碳总排放量的50.6%、26.0%、23.1%。 ⑵计算了凋落物分解对土壤碳平衡的贡献。不同器官凋落物在土壤中的矿化释放碳量和进入土壤碳库量均随着凋落物易分解性的增大而增大，并且各器官凋落物分解以CO2-C释放最多，以微生物量碳存在的量次之，以可溶性碳存在的量最少。年均温16.5 ℃条件下培养100天，分别来自于叶、枝、细根、粗根有机碳的13.81%、9.26%、5.74%、4.62%被矿化释放，占总CO2-C释放量的比例分别为43.7%、37.2%、31.9%、29.0%。同时不同器官凋落物依次有3.05%、3.26%、2.24%、1.84%存在于土壤微生物碳库，占总微生物量碳的比例分别为12.9%、14.3%、10.5%、8.8%；不同器官凋落物依次有0.62%、0.62%、0.31%、0.24%存在于可溶性有机碳库，占总可溶性有机碳的比例分别为3.99%、4.10%、2.13%、1.73%。 ⑶不同器官凋落物进入土壤对土壤碳排放的激发效应不同，叶、枝、细根、粗根加入土壤产生了正激发效应，激发率依次为6.6%、7.0%、2.2%、2.8%。并且土壤风干－湿润过程影响了凋落物在土壤中的分解和转化过程。土壤风干－湿润使起始矿化底物库增大，培养初期凋落物分解速率上升，同时土壤原有机碳矿化速率降低，微生物对凋落物碳的利用以及凋落物对可溶性有机碳的贡献下降。 ⑷凋落物碳在不同轻组密度组分中的分布不同，但各器官凋落物间无明显差异，均为中等密度自由轻组最多，其次为最小密度自由轻组，最少为闭蓄轻组。室外培养224天，结果表明叶、枝、细根、粗根凋落物在各密度组分中的分配情况为：<1.0 g cm-3自由轻组中16.5~19.1%，1.0~1.8 g cm-3自由轻组中56.8~65.2%，闭蓄轻组中残留5.7~6.9%，其余的9.9～21.0%被矿化损失。研究还表明，凋落物粉碎添加方式能改变其在土壤组分中的分布比例，倾向于向较重的密度组分中分布而被保护起来利于有机碳的积累。

Studies on the exotic structure of Al-23

The longitudinal momentum distribution (P-//) of fragments after one-proton removal from Al-23 and reaction cross sections (sigma(R)) for Al-23,Al-24 on carbon target at 74A MeV have been measured simultaneously. An enhancement in sigma(R) is observed for Al-23 compaxed with Al-24. The full width at half maximum of the P-// distribution for Mg-22 fragments has been determined to be 232 +/- 28 MeV/c. Analysis of P-// using the Few-Body Glauber Model indicates a dominant d-wave configuration for the valence proton in the ground state of Al-23. The exotic structure in Al-23 is discussed.