106 resultados para Plant water use
em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal
Resumo:
Through 2-3-year (2003-2005) continuous eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide and water vapor fluxes, we examined the seasonal, inter-annual, and inter-ecosystem variations in the ecosystem-level water use efficiency (WUE, defined as the ratio of gross primary production, GPP, to evapotranspiration, ET) at four Chinese grassland ecosystems in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and North China. Representing the most prevalent grassland types in China, the four ecosystems are an alpine swamp meadow ecosystem, an alpine shrub-meadow ecosystem, an alpine meadow-steppe ecosystem, and a temperate steppe ecosystem, which illustrate a water availability gradient and thus provide us an opportunity to quantify environmental and biological controls on ecosystem WUE at different spatiotemporal scales. Seasonally, WUE tracked closely with GPP at the four ecosystems, being low at the beginning and the end of the growing seasons and high during the active periods of plant growth. Such consistent correspondence between WUE and GPP suggested that photosynthetic processes were the dominant regulator of the seasonal variations in WUE. Further investigation indicated that the regulations were mainly due to the effect of leaf area index (LAI) on carbon assimilation and on the ratio of transpiration to ET (T/ET). Besides, except for the swamp meadow, LAI also controlled the year-to-year and site-to-site variations in WUE in the same way, resulting in the years or sites with high productivity being accompanied by high WUE. The general good correlation between LAI and ecosystem WUE indicates that it may be possible to predict grassland ecosystem WUE simply with LAI. Our results also imply that climate change-induced shifts in vegetation structure, and consequently LAI may have a significant impact on the relationship between ecosystem carbon and water cycles in grasslands.
Resumo:
本研究利用稳定性碳同位素法,测定了西双版纳城子片断化季雨林和补蚌沟谷雨林7条样线上70个科226种林下植物叶片δ13C值,并以此为表征研究了片断化雨林植物WUE边缘效应,结果表明: 西双版纳热带雨林林下植物叶片δ13C值与世界范围内其他热带雨林的研究结果相近。补蚌样地的植物叶片δ13C值显著低于城子样地植物叶片δ13C值,说明水分条件是植物水分利用效率的主要决定因素。 常绿植物的δ13C值显著低于落叶植物,由此可推知常绿植物的WUE显著低于落叶植物;乔灌草和藤本植物叶片δ13C值也存在显著差异,表现为:藤本>灌木,乔木>草本。 方位对边缘效应的影响不容视。东、西、南、北四个方位相比,边缘的产生对四面影响最大,北面最小。森林边缘对植物WUE的影响深度至少进入林内30m。 侵入物种所占比例在林缘较大,而进入林内锐减。有些植物δ13C值与距离显著负相关,说明这些植物对水分条件敏感(如假海桐,木奶果),若小气候条件继续变干,他们有在林缘消失的危险;有些相关不显著(如冬叶、锡金粗叶木、小叶藤黄),则植物对水分条件不敏感,这些物种在边缘产生后对环境条件变化影响不敏感,不会因森林片断化而迅速灭绝。
Resumo:
本研究以西南喀斯特地区的王家寨小流域为研究对象,以植物叶片δ13C值为植物水分利用效率的指示值,结合利用氢氧同位素对植物的水分来源进行确认,通过研究小流域中不同土壤类型石漠化样地、不同季节、不同等级石漠化样地及喀斯特不同小生境中常见植物种水分利用效率及水分来源的差异,旨在从小生境、植物种、植物群落等不同尺度上探讨石漠化发生过程对植物长期水分利用的影响,了解不同水源的利用对植物水分利用效率的影响,了解喀斯特生态系统特有生境中植物对水分的竞争和利用策略,以加深对生态系统水分平衡的认识。通过研究,得出了以下几点认识:
1 喀斯特石漠化区植物叶片δ13C值的时空变化
(1)在本研究区,不同土壤类型区域植物群落δ13C值均随着石漠化的进行趋正,方差分析结果显示黄壤序列植物群落叶片δ13C值存在显著差异(F(3,80)0.01=2.72
Resumo:
The photosynthetic pathway of plant species collected at Menyuan, Henan, and Maduo sites, east of Tibetan Plateau, China, during the growing season were studied using stable carbon isotopes in leaves. The 232 samples leaves analyzed belonged to 161 species, 30 families, and 94 genera. The delta(13)C values (from -24.6 to -29.2 %o) indicated that all the considered species had a photosynthetic C-3 pathway. The absence of plant species with C-4 photosynthetic pathway might be due to the extremely low air temperature characterizing the Tibetan Plateau. The average delta(13)C value was significantly (p < 0.05) different between annuals and perennials at the three considered study sites. Hence the longer-lived species had greater water-use efficiency (WUE) than shorter-lived species, that is, longer-lived species are better adapted to the extreme environmental conditions of the Tibetan Plateau.