用谱方法求解N-S方程

湍流研究具有重要的理论和工程意义,谱方法能达到快速收敛、高效和边界层中高分辨率、高精度。用谱方法边界条件处理也方便,谱方法随着数值方法的改善和计算机系统的发展,它在湍流数值模拟中的作用愈加重要。 这里介绍了一平直槽道及两个同心圆柱间的三维N-S方程数值求解的谱方法,在平直槽道中在平行壁面的x及z方向上用富氏展开,在法向(y)用契比雪夫多项式展开,与平直槽道相似,在θ和z方向用富氏展开,在法向r用契比雪夫多项式展开,为解N-S方程,在时间方向用Crank-Nicholson格式,非线性项用Adam-Bashforth格式,边界和连续条件精确满足。 由平直槽道和二同心圆柱间流动的数值模拟结果表明谱方法是N-S方程数值模拟的有效方法,数值结果与理论结果相符甚好。

A planar waveguide Nd : YAG laser using active Q-switching of a hybrid unstable resonator

A planar waveguide laser operating in a negative branch unstable resonator is Q-switched by an acoustooptic mod latorin anew configuration, providing effective, high-speed switching. The laser using a 200-mu m Nd:YAG core, face pumped by 10 laser diode bars, has produced 100-W output in a good beam quality at 100-kHz pulse rate, and 4.5 mJ at lower frequency with 15-ns pulse duration.

Genome-wide SNP and haplotype analyses reveal a rich history underlying dog domestication

Advances in genome technology have facilitated a new understanding of the historical and genetic processes crucial to rapid phenotypic evolution under domestication(1,2). To understand the process of dog diversification better, we conducted an extensive genome-wide survey of more than 48,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms in dogs and their wild progenitor, the grey wolf. Here we show that dog breeds share a higher proportion of multi-locus haplotypes unique to grey wolves from the Middle East, indicating that they are a dominant source of genetic diversity for dogs rather than wolves from east Asia, as suggested by mitochondrial DNA sequence data(3). Furthermore, we find a surprising correspondence between genetic and phenotypic/functional breed groupings but there are exceptions that suggest phenotypic diversification depended in part on the repeated crossing of individuals with novel phenotypes. Our results show that Middle Eastern wolves were a critical source of genome diversity, although interbreeding with local wolf populations clearly occurred elsewhere in the early history of specific lineages. More recently, the evolution of modern dog breeds seems to have been an iterative process that drew on a limited genetic toolkit to create remarkable phenotypic diversity.

Gene transfer into genomes of human cells by the sleeping beauty transposon system

The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system, derived from teleost fish sequences, is extremely effective at delivering DNA to vertebrate genomes, including those of humans. We have examined several parameters of the SB system to improve it as a potential, nonviral vector for gene therapy. Our investigation centered on three features: the carrying capacity of the transposon for efficient integration into chromosomes of HeLa cells, the effects of overexpression of the SB transposase gene on transposition rates, and improvements in the activity of SB transposase to increase insertion rates of transgenes into cellular chromosomes. We found that SB transposons of about 6 kb retained 50% of the maximal efficiency of transposition, which is sufficient to deliver 70-80% of identified human cDNAs with appropriate transcriptional regulatory sequences. Overexpression inhibition studies revealed that there are optimal ratios of SB transposase to transposon for maximal rates of transposition, suggesting that conditions of delivery of the two-part transposon system are important for the best gene-transfer efficiencies. We further refined the SB transposase to incorporate several amino acid substitutions, the result of which led to an improved transposase called SB11. With SB11 we are able to achieve transposition rates that are about 100-fold above those achieved with plasmids that insert into chromosomes by random recombination. With the recently described improvements to the transposon itself, the SB system appears to be a potential gene-transfer tool for human gene therapy.

Dielectric relaxation of poled polymer DCNP/PMMA

We have prepared the polymer thin films of a 3-(1,1-dicyanothenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole (DChTP)/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) guest-host system by spin coating. In order to investigate their temporal and temperature stability, we have measured their dielectric relaxation spectra including the frequency dependence of the real and imaginary parts of dielectric constants. The investigated frequency ranged from 50 Hz to 10 MHz. The measured temperature range above the glass transition temperature T-g (95 degrees C) of the DCNP/PMMA system was from 95 degrees C to 1250C. By using the Adam-Gibbs model, the temperature dependence of the characteristic time tau above T-g was fitted, and the values of the characteristic times tau below T-g were estimated. The lifetimes of the polymer were evaluated by the Kohlrausch-Williams Watts (KWW) empirical decay model. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

基于分布式模块的直流高压电源远程控制

直流高压电源在离子束流传输中,对离子束进行加速、偏转和引出。本文介绍了基于研华ADAM-4000系列分布式模块实现了10KV高压直流电源的远程控制,其控制功能包括远程开关量操作、实时获取电源运行状态和输出高压调节等。