Theory and Application of the Transient Injection Well Test

Based on the theory of the pumping well test, the transient injection well test was suggested in this paper. The design method and the scope of application are discussed in detail. The mathematical models are developed for the short-time and long-time transient injection test respectively. A double logarithm type curve matching method was introduced for analyzing the field transient injection test data. A set of methods for the transient injection test design, experiment performance and data analysis were established. Some field tests were analyzed, and the results show that the test model and method are suitable for the transient injection test and can be used to deal with the real engineering problems.

微压痕尺度效应的理论和实验

以压入深度为亚微米量级的微压痕实验来说，硬度与压入深度的关系将表现出强烈的尺度效应，然而，由传统的弹塑性理论无法预测。采用塑性应变梯度理论对微压痕实验中的尺度效应进行预测；同时对单晶铜和单晶铝进行微压痕实验研究。通过将理论预测结果应用于实验，获得塑性应变梯度理论中的微尺度参量值，该值对于常规金属材料(如铜、铝、银等)来说，取值范围为0.8～1.5μm。另外，对微压痕边界附近所出现的挤出现象(pile-up)和沉陷现象(skink-in)进行了预测和详细分析。

A passive scalar field convected by turbulence

Classical statistical mechanics is applied to the study of a passive scalar field convected by isotropic turbulence. A complete set of independent real parameters and dynamic equations are worked out to describe the dynamic state of the passive scalar field. The corresponding Liouville equation is solved by a perturbation method based upon a Langevin–Fokker–Planck model. The closure problem is treated by a variational approach reported in earlier papers. Two integral equations are obtained for two unknown functions: the scalar variance spectrum F(k) and the effective damping coefficient (k). The appearance of the energy spectrum of the velocity field in the two integral equations represents the coupling of the scalar field with the velocity field. As an application of the theory, the two integral equations are solved to derive the inertial-convective-range spectrum, obtaining F(k)=0.61 −1/3 k−5/3. Here is the dissipation rate of the scalar variance and is the dissipation rate of the energy of the velocity field. This theoretical value of the scalar Kolmogorov constant, 0.61, is in good agreement with experiments.

混凝土高拱坝裂缝光纤监测网络构型的优化

提出基于瑞利散射的混凝土高拱坝裂缝分布式光纤监测网络优化的目标及技术路线；针对基于瑞利散射的光纤监测网络构型的优化，进行了正交失效混凝土模型试验，发现在光纤与裂缝面交角成60°时，在大坝安全监控缝宽控制范围内光纤最小裂缝分辨率仅达到我国水利技术标准规定的1／6；指出要满足大坝裂缝监测灵敏性的要求，对于基于瑞利散射的光纤裂缝传感，应将光纤布置在与预期的裂缝面成交角小于60°的范围内。基于此，结合小湾拱坝裂缝光纤监测研究，初步提出高拱坝裂缝光纤监测网络优化的构型。

激光二极管端面抽运Nd∶YVO4固体激光器热致光束畸变非对称的平衡

由于a轴切割Nd∶YVO4晶体的非对称性,使得激光二极管(LD)端面抽运Nd∶YVO4固体激光器不同于Nd∶YAG激光器,输出的激光经常产生非对称结果。用有限元法分析激光二极管端面抽运a轴切割Nd∶YVO4固体激光器的晶体热效应,包括温度分布、内部应力和产生的形变。分析结果表明端面抽运a轴切割Nd∶YVO4晶体产生了椭球热透镜效应。从结构方面和抽运方面提出了热透镜非对称性的平衡方法,实验验证了方法的可行性。

云南保种乳用圭山羊遗传多样性蛋白电泳研究

采用水平式淀粉胶蛋白电泳技术,对路南保种乳用圭山羊33个个体的46个遗传座位的血液蛋白及同工酶的多态性进行了研究。结果发现AKP、LAP、CES-I、ESD、ME和Pa6个座位具多态性,多态座位的基因AKP~(0)、LAP~(A)、CES-I~(1)、ME~(B)、ESD~(1)和Pa~(A)的基因频率较高;多态座位百分比P=0.1304,平均杂合度H=0.0501。在Tf座位,出现两种表型AA、AB,但多态性贫乏;LDH谱带中发现一种不同的类型。

一种改进的阴茎电刺激采精法和猕猴藏酋猴及熊猴的采精及其精液特征的初步研究

本文报道了一种改进的阴茎电刺激采精法，用脱脂棉和铝箔作为电极，以避免直接用金属电极可能对阴茎的损伤，并运用这一方法对猕猴（Ｍａｃａｃａｍｕｌａｔｔａ）、藏酋猴（Ｍ．ｔｈｉｂｅｔａｎａ）和熊猴（Ｍ．ａｓｓａｍｅｎｓｉｓ）进行了电刺激采精及其精液特征研究。电刺激采精模式为连续刺激和间断刺激方式。在采精过程中没有发生阴茎损伤。对初次接受电刺激采精的动物以间断刺激模式效果较好。猕猴、藏酋猴和熊猴的射精体积分别为２．０±０．１、６．３±１．１和３．２±０．６ｍｌ；液化体积分别为０．７±０．６、２．１±０．４和１．７±０．３ｍｌ；精子浓度分别为１２．６±１．２×１０~８、４５．６±５．６×１０~８和１１．５±０．９×１０~８／ｍｌ。３种动物精液的液化率分别为：猕猴３６．２±０．９％，藏酋猴３４．０±１．４％；熊猴５１．８±１．２％。３种动物的精子总数与射精体积和凝块体积没有相关性（ｒ~２＝０．０７９；０．０１６；０．０９４和ｒ~２＝０．０６４；０．０２０；０．０７２）。上述结果表明：１）改进的阴茎电刺激采精法适用于猕猴，特别是阴茎表面较为粗糙的藏酋猴和熊猴；２）藏酋猴的射精体积和精子总数是迄今已报道的非人灵长类中最大的，...

三峡水库蓄水前后水生态系统动态的初步研究

本专辑登录的论文系中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目“三峡水库库区蓄水前后水生态系统变化的研究”的部分研究结果,内容包括1)蓄水前后水体理化参数变化;2)蓄水前后水生生物群落变化;3)三峡水库的富营养化问题;4)春季水华暴发过程的连续监测与动力学;5)对三峡水库生态学研究的几点思考和建议。

五种淡水吸管虫原生动物中国新纪录种的描述

对采自于中国洞庭湖和汉阳墨水湖氧化沟的5种吸管虫做了形态学报道,均为国内新纪录:靴状盘吸管虫Discophryacothurnata(Weisse,1847-1848)Lachmann,1859;粗壮盘吸管虫DiscophryarobustaNozawa,1938;长柄球吸管虫Metacinetamacrocaulis(Stokes,1887)Matthes,1954;圆形放射吸管虫Heliophryarotunda(Hentschel,1916)Matthes,1954和孟加拉锤吸管虫Tokophrya

Quantitative structure-property relationship studies on n-octanol/water partitioning coefficients of PCDD/Fs

Based on some fundamental quantum chemical descriptors computed by PM3 Hamiltonian, by the use of partial least-squares (PLS) analysis, a significant quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model for logK(ow) of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-p-furans (PCDD/Fs) was obtained. The QSPR can be used for prediction. The intermolecular dispersive interactions and thus the bulkness of the PCDD/Fs are the main factors affecting the logK(ow). The more chlorines in the PCDD/F molecule, the greater the logK(ow) values. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.