4 resultados para Peruvian carrot

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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利用3’和5' RACE、Uneven PCR等技术成功地从胡萝卜肉质根中分离了茄红素β-环化酶、茄红素ε.环化酶和辣椒红/辣椒玉红素合酶cDNA以及茄红素β一环化酶基因5’端上游的部分序列,并研究了它们在胡萝卜肉质根中的表达模式,对胡萝卜中类胡萝卜素代谢和积累的分子机制进行了探讨。 胡萝卜茄红素β--环化酶cDNA(DCLYC1)长2089bp,包含一个1515bp的开放阅读框架,所编码蛋白长505个氨基酸,其一级结构与番茄、烟草和辣椒等植物的茄红素β--环化酶高度同源。与农杆菌和夏噬孢欧文氏菌等微生物的茄红素环化酶相似性较差,但相互间有3个短小的同源区,且蛋白疏水模式也十分相似。茄红素β--环化酶在胡萝卜肉质根中的表达受品种和组织特异性的调控。在紫色的富含茄红素的“齐头红”胡萝卜肉质根中该基因的表达受到了强烈的抑制,相反,在橙色的富含β--和α--胡萝卜素的“CA201”胡萝卜肉质根中表达十分活跃。茄红素β--环化酶和八氢番茄红素合酶基因的表达在肉质根的韧皮部和木质部之间存在差异,在韧皮部中的表达强于木质部。类胡萝卜素生物合成基因的差异表达是造成不同胡萝卜品种和组织中积累的类胡萝卜素的种类和含量不同的原因。 对紫色品种和橙色品种的茄红素β--环化酶基因组DNA的PCR分析表明两者的基因组中均存在茄红素β一环化酶基因。为了探明茄红素β--环化酶基因在不同胡萝卜品种中差异表达的原因,利用Uneven pCR从胡萝卜基因组DNA中分离克隆了茄红素β--环化酶基因5’端上游部分序列。该DNA片段长1.7kb,3’端286bp区域与DCLYC1的5’端序列交叉重叠,在GenBank中没有找到相似的序列。在1294bp-1336bp位置串连着3个TATA盒,结构十分特殊,在TATA盒上游大约700bβ位置有2个CAAT盒。瞬间表达实验证明它具有启动子活性,可以指导GUS基因在胡萝卜肉质根、叶片和茎等组织中表达。然而,其表达模式却与茄红素B.环化酶基因的Northern杂交结果不同,主要在韧皮部和木质部交界的分生组织中表达,同时在紫色胡萝卜肉质根中其表达并没有受到抑制。这一片段可能还不是完整的胡萝卜茄红素β--环化酶基因启动子,缺少了调控基因进行品种和组织特异性表达的部分序列元件。因此,分离更长的胡萝卜茄红素环化酶基因5’端上游序列,将有助于揭示茄红素β一环化酶基因呈品种和组织特异性表达的分子机制。 所分离的胡萝卜辣椒红/辣椒玉红素合酶cDNA (DCCCS)长1744bp,包含一个长1476bp的开放阅读框架,所编码蛋白长492个氨基酸。与辣椒和柑桔CCS的氨基酸序列同源性分别为为76.6%和75.3%,与DCLYC1等其它植物茄红素β--环化酶的氨基酸序列同源性为63.9-67.4%。DCCCS的表达模式在两个不同颜色的品种之间十分相似,在肉质根韧皮部中强烈表达,而在木质部中表达明显受到了抑制。由于CCS与LYC-B高度同源,有人认为CCS可能具有茄红素环化酶活性,然而本研究结果表明,DCCCS虽然在紫色的齐头红胡萝卜肉质根韧皮部中强烈表达,却没有影响细胞中积累大量的茄红素,因此DCCCS即使具有茄红素环化酶作用,其活性也是极低的。 分离到的胡萝卜茄红素ε--环化酶cDNA片段(DCL YC-E)长1264bp,包含了完整的3’端,5’端尚不完整。按照引物LYCP1上的阅读框架进行翻译得到长385个氨基酸的肽链与莴苣、番茄和拟南芥LYC-E肽链相应区域的氨基酸序列高度同源,达80.5%以上,其中与莴苣茄红素ε--环化酶最为接近。与拟南芥茄红素ε--环化酶第448位基团和莴苣茄红素ε--环化酶第457位基团对应的氨基酸基团为H。这一基团是一个分子开关,决定茄红素ε--环化酶是催化茄红素的一端还是两端形成ε--环,因此,胡萝卜茄红素ε--环化酶可能与莴苣茄红素ε--环化酶具有相同的功能,即可以催化对称的线性茄红素的两端均形成ε--环,生成双ε--环胡萝卜素。DCLYC-E在胡萝卜肉质根中表达模式与DCLYCI不同,在紫色品种齐头红肉质根韧皮部中表达十分强烈,没有受到抑制,而且明显强于木质部;在橙色品种CA201中DCLYCE的表达模式与DCLYCI相似,韧皮部中表达强,而木质部中相对弱得多。DCL YC-E的表达模式在所测试品种间没有差异。在富含茄红素的齐头红胡萝卜肉质根中DCL YC-E强烈表达,可见它并没有将茄红素大量转化为双ε--环胡萝卜素,因此该酶的功能和活性有待进一步研究。

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Whistles were recorded and analyzed from free-ranging single or mixed species groups of boto and tucuxi in the Peruvian Amazon, with sonograms presented. Analysis revealed whistles recorded falling into two discrete groups: a low-frequency group with maximum frequency below 5 kHz, and a high-frequency group with maximum frequencies above 8 kHz and usually above 10 kHz. Whistles in the two groups differed significantly in all five measured variables (beginning frequency, end frequency, minimum frequency, maximum frequency, and duration). Comparisons with Published details of whistles by other platanistoid river dolphins and by oceanic dolphins suggest that the low-frequency whistles were produced by boto, the high-frequency whistles by tucuxi. Tape recordings obtained on three occasions when only one species was present tentatively support this conclusion, but it is emphasized that this is based on few data. (C) 2001 Acoustical Society of America.

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本文根据我们实验室建立的发酵产物中辅酶Q10定性定量检测方法,筛选得到一株可以代谢产生较多辅酶Q10的野生菌株放射形土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium radiobacter No.50)。 为了提高放射形土壤杆菌的辅酶Q10的产量,本实验利用液体培养研究了单因素对菌株辅酶Q10产量的影响,并用正交法确定了最佳液态发酵条件。最佳发酵培养基是:葡萄糖20g,蔗糖40g, 硫酸铵10g,玉米浆30g, 酵母膏3g,K2HPO4 3g,MgSO4.7H2O 1g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH 7.0-7.2。最佳发酵条件是:转接斜面菌种到种子培养基, 转速220r/min、温度28。C培养24h后,转入发酵培养基(250mL三角拼装液量为50mL,pH 7.0), 接种量为10%,转速220r/min、温度28。C,培养120h。在此条件下,菌体湿重约为50g/L,辅酶Q10含量约为20mg/L。 本文以放射形土壤杆菌为出发菌株进行诱变育种,以期获得辅酶Q10高产菌。根据微生物育种原理、参照辅酶Q10的代谢调控机制,以野生型放射形土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium radiobacter No.50)为出发菌株,采用紫外线和亚硝基胍复合诱变技术,依次筛选得到菌体提取物M抗性菌ARM-7、烟草提取物T抗性菌株ARMT-26、Vk3抗性菌株ARMTV-25、链霉素抗性菌株ARMTVS-32,菌株ARMTVS-32产量达到了36.8mg/L,与原始出发菌株相比,产量提高了77%。 研究了茄尼醇、对羟基苯甲酸、橘子皮提取物D、胡萝卜提取物E、烟草提取物对ARMTVS-32合成辅酶Q10的影响,结果表明这些物质对菌体合成辅酶Q10有一定促进作用,添加0.2g/L茄尼醇时,辅酶Q10含量提高了17%,达到了40.7mg/L;添加1.2g/L橘子皮提取物D时,辅酶Q10含量提高了13.8%,达到了39.6mg/L;添加0.5g/L胡萝卜提取物E时,辅酶Q10含量提高了25.3% ,达到了43.6mg/L;添加8g/L烟草提取物时,辅酶Q10含量提高了12.6%,达到了39.2mg/L。 Production of Coenzyme- Q10 (CoQ10) by fermentation is considered as a process with broad prospects.Quantitative Analysis of CoQ10 in the culture of microbe by TLC—UV spectrophotometry was developed, by using this method we got the strain Agrobacterium radiobacter,which was isolated from forest soil of southwest of China. The effect of the single factor on CoQ10-production ability of the strain was examined by liquid cultured, and its best optimum cultivation conditions were established by orthogonal method. The results showed that the optimum fermentation conditions were as following: carbon sources glucose 20g/L,sucrose 40g/L; nitrongen sources (NH4)2SO4 10g/L,maize liquid 30g/L;yeast extract 3g; K2HPO4 3g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 1g/L; initial pH was 7 and volume of medium(medium volume vs flask volume) was 50mL/500mL, incubating for 120h on a rotary shaker at 220 rpm and 28℃.Under these conditions, the biomass and CoQ10 concentration reached 50g/L and 20mg/L respectively. According to the biosynthesis mechanism of CoQ10 and breeding theory, CoQ10 over-production strains were screened by UV--NTG. mutation using Agrobacterium radiobacter No.50 as parent strain. A microbe-juice resistant mutant ARMTVS-32, which also could resist tobacco-juice, VK3 and streptomycin, was screened out from an agar plate. The CoQ10 content of ARMTVS-32 reached 36.8mg/L, which was 77% higher than the initial strain. In addition, We discussed the effects of some organic substrates on the synthesis of CoQ10 in ARMTVS-32. The results showed that solanesol, orange juice D, carrot juice E and tobacco juice could promote the CoQ10 accumulation in the cells. The CoQ10 content of ARMTVS-32 reached 40.7mg/L when added 0.2g/L solanesol,it reached 39.6mg/L when added 1.2g/L orange juice D,it reached 43.6mg/L when added 0.5g/L carrot juice E. it reached 39.2mg/L when added 8g/L tobacco juice.